See drugą in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*drog"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *drog\nOld Frisian: *droch\nNorth Frisian: drōch\nSaterland Frisian: Drog m\nOld Saxon: *drog\nMiddle Low German: droch\nWestphalian:\nSuerländer-Märkisch: Drǫg\nOld Dutch: *drog\nMiddle Dutch: droch\n⇒ Dutch: drogreden\n⇒ Dutch: droggrond\n⇒ Dutch: droglicht\nOld High German: *trug, *trog\nMiddle High German: truc, troc m\nGerman: Trug",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *drog\nOld Frisian: *droch\nNorth Frisian: drōch\nSaterland Frisian: Drog m\nOld Saxon: *drog\nMiddle Low German: droch\nWestphalian:\nSuerländer-Märkisch: Drǫg\nOld Dutch: *drog\nMiddle Dutch: droch\n⇒ Dutch: drogreden\n⇒ Dutch: droggrond\n⇒ Dutch: droglicht\nOld High German: *trug, *trog\nMiddle High German: truc, troc m\nGerman: Trug"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dʰrewgʰ-",
"id": "deceive"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*dʰrugʰ-o-m"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dʰrugʰ-o-m",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*dʰrewgʰ-",
"3": "*-s",
"nocat": "1",
"t1": "to deceive"
},
"expansion": "*dʰrewgʰ- (“to deceive”) + *-s",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*dʰrúkš",
"t": "lie, deceit"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian *dʰrúkš (“lie, deceit”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*drukos",
"t": "bad"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *drukos (“bad”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *dʰrugʰ-o-m, thematicized from *dʰréwk-s ~ *dʰrugʰ-és, from *dʰrewgʰ- (“to deceive”) + *-s. Cognate with Proto-Indo-Iranian *dʰrúkš (“lie, deceit”), and perhaps Proto-Celtic *drukos (“bad”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "drugą",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drugō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drugą",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "drugō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "drugą",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drugō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drugas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drugis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drugǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drugai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drugamaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drugō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drugamiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/drugą",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "West Proto-Germanic",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"deception, delusion"
],
"id": "en-drugą-gem-pro-noun-kjSzlNL2",
"links": [
[
"deception",
"deception"
],
[
"delusion",
"delusion"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(West Germanic) deception, delusion"
],
"related": [
{
"word": "dreuganą"
},
{
"word": "draugaz"
}
],
"tags": [
"Germanic",
"West",
"neuter",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈdru.ɣɑ̃/"
}
],
"word": "drugą"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*drog"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *drog\nOld Frisian: *droch\nNorth Frisian: drōch\nSaterland Frisian: Drog m\nOld Saxon: *drog\nMiddle Low German: droch\nWestphalian:\nSuerländer-Märkisch: Drǫg\nOld Dutch: *drog\nMiddle Dutch: droch\n⇒ Dutch: drogreden\n⇒ Dutch: droggrond\n⇒ Dutch: droglicht\nOld High German: *trug, *trog\nMiddle High German: truc, troc m\nGerman: Trug",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *drog\nOld Frisian: *droch\nNorth Frisian: drōch\nSaterland Frisian: Drog m\nOld Saxon: *drog\nMiddle Low German: droch\nWestphalian:\nSuerländer-Märkisch: Drǫg\nOld Dutch: *drog\nMiddle Dutch: droch\n⇒ Dutch: drogreden\n⇒ Dutch: droggrond\n⇒ Dutch: droglicht\nOld High German: *trug, *trog\nMiddle High German: truc, troc m\nGerman: Trug"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dʰrewgʰ-",
"id": "deceive"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*dʰrugʰ-o-m"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dʰrugʰ-o-m",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*dʰrewgʰ-",
"3": "*-s",
"nocat": "1",
"t1": "to deceive"
},
"expansion": "*dʰrewgʰ- (“to deceive”) + *-s",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*dʰrúkš",
"t": "lie, deceit"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian *dʰrúkš (“lie, deceit”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*drukos",
"t": "bad"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *drukos (“bad”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *dʰrugʰ-o-m, thematicized from *dʰréwk-s ~ *dʰrugʰ-és, from *dʰrewgʰ- (“to deceive”) + *-s. Cognate with Proto-Indo-Iranian *dʰrúkš (“lie, deceit”), and perhaps Proto-Celtic *drukos (“bad”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "drugą",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drugō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drugą",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "drugō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "drugą",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drugō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drugas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drugis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drugǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drugai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drugamaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drugō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drugamiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/drugą",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "dreuganą"
},
{
"word": "draugaz"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Germanic a-stem nouns",
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-Germanic neuter nouns",
"Proto-Germanic nouns",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *dʰrewgʰ- (deceive)",
"Proto-Germanic terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"West Proto-Germanic",
"gem-pro:Deception",
"gem-pro:Perception"
],
"glosses": [
"deception, delusion"
],
"links": [
[
"deception",
"deception"
],
[
"delusion",
"delusion"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(West Germanic) deception, delusion"
],
"tags": [
"Germanic",
"West",
"neuter",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈdru.ɣɑ̃/"
}
],
"word": "drugą"
}
Download raw JSONL data for drugą meaning in Proto-Germanic (4.0kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-11-21 using wiktextract (94ba7e1 and 5dea2a6). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.