See dreuganą in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{ "descendants": [ { "depth": 1, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "gmw-pro", "2": "*dreugan", "id": "mislead" }, "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *dreugan\nOld Frisian: driāga\nSaterland Frisian: drjooge\nOld Saxon: driogan\nMiddle Low German: drêgen, drȫgen, drogen\nGerman Low German: dregen\nOld Dutch: *driegan\nMiddle Dutch: driegen\nDutch: bedriegen\nOld High German: triogan\nMiddle High German: triegen, trūgen\nGerman: trügen", "name": "desctree" } ], "text": "Proto-West Germanic: *dreugan\nOld Frisian: driāga\nSaterland Frisian: drjooge\nOld Saxon: driogan\nMiddle Low German: drêgen, drȫgen, drogen\nGerman Low German: dregen\nOld Dutch: *driegan\nMiddle Dutch: driegen\nDutch: bedriegen\nOld High German: triogan\nMiddle High German: triegen, trūgen\nGerman: trügen" } ], "etymology_number": 1, "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "gem-pro", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*dʰrewgʰ-", "id": "deceive" }, "expansion": "", "name": "root" }, { "args": { "1": "gem-pro", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*dʰrewgʰ-", "t": "to be deceptive; damage" }, "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dʰrewgʰ- (“to be deceptive; damage”)", "name": "der" } ], "etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *dʰrewgʰ- (“to be deceptive; damage”).", "forms": [ { "form": "strong", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "table-tags" ] }, { "form": "gem-conj-st", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "inflection-template" ] }, { "form": "2", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "class" ] }, { "form": "dreugō", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "first-person", "indicative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "dreugaų", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "first-person", "singular", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "first-person", "imperative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "dreugai", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "first-person", "indicative", "passive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "first-person", "passive", "singular", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "driugizi", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "indicative", "second-person", "singular" ] }, { "form": "dreugaiz", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "second-person", "singular", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "dreug", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "imperative", "second-person", "singular" ] }, { "form": "dreugazai", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "indicative", "passive", "second-person", "singular" ] }, { "form": "dreugaizau", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "passive", "second-person", "singular", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "driugidi", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "indicative", "singular", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "dreugai", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "singular", "subjunctive", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "dreugadau", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "imperative", "singular", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "dreugadai", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "indicative", "passive", "singular", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "dreugaidau", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "passive", "singular", "subjunctive", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "dreugōz", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "dual", "first-person", "indicative" ] }, { "form": "dreugaiw", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "dual", "first-person", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "dual", "first-person", "imperative" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dual", "first-person", "indicative", "passive" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dual", "first-person", "passive", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "dreugadiz", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "dual", "indicative", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "dreugaidiz", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "dual", "second-person", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "dreugadiz", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "dual", "imperative", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dual", "indicative", "passive", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dual", "passive", "second-person", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "dreugamaz", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "first-person", "indicative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "dreugaim", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "first-person", "plural", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "first-person", "imperative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "dreugandai", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "first-person", "indicative", "passive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "dreugaindau", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "first-person", "passive", "plural", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "driugid", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "indicative", "plural", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "dreugaid", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "plural", "second-person", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "driugid", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "imperative", "plural", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "dreugandai", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "indicative", "passive", "plural", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "dreugaindau", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "passive", "plural", "second-person", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "dreugandi", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "indicative", "plural", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "dreugain", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "plural", "subjunctive", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "dreugandau", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "imperative", "plural", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "dreugandai", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "indicative", "passive", "plural", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "dreugaindau", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "passive", "plural", "subjunctive", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "draug", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "first-person", "indicative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "drugį̄", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "first-person", "singular", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "drauht", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "indicative", "second-person", "singular" ] }, { "form": "drugīz", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "second-person", "singular", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "draug", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "indicative", "singular", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "drugī", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "singular", "subjunctive", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "drugū", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "dual", "first-person", "indicative" ] }, { "form": "drugīw", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "dual", "first-person", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "drugudiz", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "dual", "indicative", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "drugīdiz", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "dual", "second-person", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "drugum", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "first-person", "indicative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "drugīm", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "first-person", "plural", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "drugud", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "indicative", "plural", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "drugīd", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "plural", "second-person", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "drugun", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "indicative", "plural", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "drugīn", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "plural", "subjunctive", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "dreugandz", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "participle", "present" ] }, { "form": "druganaz", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "participle", "past", "subjunctive" ] } ], "inflection_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "dreug", "2": "draug", "3": "drug", "4": "drug", "class": "2" }, "name": "gem-conj-st" } ], "lang": "Proto-Germanic", "lang_code": "gem-pro", "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/dreuganą", "pos": "verb", "senses": [ { "categories": [ { "_dis": "48 52", "kind": "other", "name": "Pages with 1 entry", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "53 47", "kind": "other", "name": "Pages with entries", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" } ], "derived": [ { "word": "draugaz" }, { "word": "drugą" } ], "glosses": [ "to mislead, deceive" ], "id": "en-dreuganą-gem-pro-verb-gem_pro:mislead", "links": [ [ "mislead", "mislead" ], [ "deceive", "deceive" ] ], "senseid": [ "gem-pro:mislead" ], "tags": [ "error-lua-exec", "reconstruction" ] } ], "sounds": [ { "ipa": "/ˈdreu̯.ɣɑ.nɑ̃/" } ], "wikipedia": [ "Brill Publishers" ], "word": "dreuganą" } { "descendants": [ { "depth": 1, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "gmw-pro", "2": "*dreugan", "id": "serve" }, "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *dreugan\nOld English: drēogan\nMiddle English: dreogen, dregen, dreghen, dreȝen, drehen, dryen, dreen\nScots: dre, drie, drey, dree\nEnglish: dree, drudge", "name": "desctree" } ], "text": "Proto-West Germanic: *dreugan\nOld English: drēogan\nMiddle English: dreogen, dregen, dreghen, dreȝen, drehen, dryen, dreen\nScots: dre, drie, drey, dree\nEnglish: dree, drudge" }, { "depth": 1, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "got", "2": "𐌳𐍂𐌹𐌿𐌲𐌰𐌽" }, "expansion": "Gothic: 𐌳𐍂𐌹𐌿𐌲𐌰𐌽 (driugan)", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "Gothic: 𐌳𐍂𐌹𐌿𐌲𐌰𐌽 (driugan)" } ], "etymology_number": 2, "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "gem-pro", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*dʰrewgʰ-", "id": "serve" }, "expansion": "", "name": "root" }, { "args": { "1": "gem-pro", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*dʰrewgʰ-", "4": "", "5": "to hold fast; retain; support" }, "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dʰrewgʰ- (“to hold fast; retain; support”)", "name": "der" } ], "etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *dʰrewgʰ- (“to hold fast; retain; support”).", "forms": [ { "form": "strong", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "table-tags" ] }, { "form": "gem-conj-st", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "inflection-template" ] }, { "form": "2", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "class" ] }, { "form": "dreugō", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "first-person", "indicative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "dreugaų", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "first-person", "singular", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "first-person", "imperative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "dreugai", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "first-person", "indicative", "passive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "first-person", "passive", "singular", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "driugizi", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "indicative", "second-person", "singular" ] }, { "form": "dreugaiz", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "second-person", "singular", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "dreug", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "imperative", "second-person", "singular" ] }, { "form": "dreugazai", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "indicative", "passive", "second-person", "singular" ] }, { "form": "dreugaizau", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "passive", "second-person", "singular", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "driugidi", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "indicative", "singular", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "dreugai", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "singular", "subjunctive", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "dreugadau", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "imperative", "singular", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "dreugadai", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "indicative", "passive", "singular", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "dreugaidau", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "passive", "singular", "subjunctive", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "dreugōz", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "dual", "first-person", "indicative" ] }, { "form": "dreugaiw", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "dual", "first-person", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "dual", "first-person", "imperative" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dual", "first-person", "indicative", "passive" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dual", "first-person", "passive", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "dreugadiz", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "dual", "indicative", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "dreugaidiz", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "dual", "second-person", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "dreugadiz", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "dual", "imperative", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dual", "indicative", "passive", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dual", "passive", "second-person", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "dreugamaz", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "first-person", "indicative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "dreugaim", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "first-person", "plural", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "first-person", "imperative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "dreugandai", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "first-person", "indicative", "passive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "dreugaindau", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "first-person", "passive", "plural", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "driugid", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "indicative", "plural", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "dreugaid", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "plural", "second-person", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "driugid", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "imperative", "plural", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "dreugandai", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "indicative", "passive", "plural", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "dreugaindau", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "passive", "plural", "second-person", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "dreugandi", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "indicative", "plural", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "dreugain", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "plural", "subjunctive", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "dreugandau", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "imperative", "plural", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "dreugandai", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "indicative", "passive", "plural", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "dreugaindau", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "passive", "plural", "subjunctive", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "draug", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "first-person", "indicative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "drugį̄", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "first-person", "singular", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "drauht", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "indicative", "second-person", "singular" ] }, { "form": "drugīz", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "second-person", "singular", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "draug", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "indicative", "singular", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "drugī", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "singular", "subjunctive", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "drugū", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "dual", "first-person", "indicative" ] }, { "form": "drugīw", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "dual", "first-person", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "drugudiz", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "dual", "indicative", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "drugīdiz", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "dual", "second-person", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "drugum", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "first-person", "indicative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "drugīm", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "first-person", "plural", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "drugud", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "indicative", "plural", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "drugīd", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "plural", "second-person", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "drugun", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "indicative", "plural", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "drugīn", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "plural", "subjunctive", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "dreugandz", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "participle", "present" ] }, { "form": "druganaz", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "participle", "past", "subjunctive" ] } ], "inflection_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "dreug", "2": "draug", "3": "drug", "4": "drug", "class": "2", "nopass": "1" }, "name": "gem-conj-st" } ], "lang": "Proto-Germanic", "lang_code": "gem-pro", "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/dreuganą", "pos": "verb", "senses": [ { "categories": [ { "_dis": "48 52", "kind": "other", "name": "Pages with 1 entry", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "53 47", "kind": "other", "name": "Pages with entries", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "44 56", "kind": "other", "name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header", "parents": [ "Entries with incorrect language header", "Entry maintenance" ], "source": "w+disamb" } ], "derived": [ { "word": "druhtiz" }, { "word": "druhtinaz" } ], "glosses": [ "to serve, to be a retainer" ], "id": "en-dreuganą-gem-pro-verb-gem_pro:serve", "links": [ [ "serve", "serve" ], [ "retainer", "retainer" ] ], "related": [ { "word": "draugą" }, { "word": "draugô" }, { "word": "driugijaną" }, { "word": "drangijaz" } ], "senseid": [ "gem-pro:serve" ], "tags": [ "reconstruction" ] } ], "sounds": [ { "ipa": "/ˈdreu̯.ɣɑ.nɑ̃/" } ], "wikipedia": [ "Brill Publishers" ], "word": "dreuganą" }
{ "categories": [ "Pages with 1 entry", "Pages with entries", "Proto-Germanic class 2 strong verbs", "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header", "Proto-Germanic lemmas", "Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European", "Proto-Germanic terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *dʰrewgʰ- (deceive)", "Proto-Germanic terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *dʰrewgʰ- (serve)", "Proto-Germanic verbs" ], "derived": [ { "word": "draugaz" }, { "word": "drugą" } ], "descendants": [ { "depth": 1, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "gmw-pro", "2": "*dreugan", "id": "mislead" }, "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *dreugan\nOld Frisian: driāga\nSaterland Frisian: drjooge\nOld Saxon: driogan\nMiddle Low German: drêgen, drȫgen, drogen\nGerman Low German: dregen\nOld Dutch: *driegan\nMiddle Dutch: driegen\nDutch: bedriegen\nOld High German: triogan\nMiddle High German: triegen, trūgen\nGerman: trügen", "name": "desctree" } ], "text": "Proto-West Germanic: *dreugan\nOld Frisian: driāga\nSaterland Frisian: drjooge\nOld Saxon: driogan\nMiddle Low German: drêgen, drȫgen, drogen\nGerman Low German: dregen\nOld Dutch: *driegan\nMiddle Dutch: driegen\nDutch: bedriegen\nOld High German: triogan\nMiddle High German: triegen, trūgen\nGerman: trügen" } ], "etymology_number": 1, "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "gem-pro", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*dʰrewgʰ-", "id": "deceive" }, "expansion": "", "name": "root" }, { "args": { "1": "gem-pro", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*dʰrewgʰ-", "t": "to be deceptive; damage" }, "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dʰrewgʰ- (“to be deceptive; damage”)", "name": "der" } ], "etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *dʰrewgʰ- (“to be deceptive; damage”).", "forms": [ { "form": "strong", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "table-tags" ] }, { "form": "gem-conj-st", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "inflection-template" ] }, { "form": "2", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "class" ] }, { "form": "dreugō", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "first-person", "indicative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "dreugaų", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "first-person", "singular", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "first-person", "imperative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "dreugai", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "first-person", "indicative", "passive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "first-person", "passive", "singular", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "driugizi", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "indicative", "second-person", "singular" ] }, { "form": "dreugaiz", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "second-person", "singular", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "dreug", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "imperative", "second-person", "singular" ] }, { "form": "dreugazai", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "indicative", "passive", "second-person", "singular" ] }, { "form": "dreugaizau", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "passive", "second-person", "singular", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "driugidi", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "indicative", "singular", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "dreugai", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "singular", "subjunctive", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "dreugadau", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "imperative", "singular", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "dreugadai", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "indicative", "passive", "singular", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "dreugaidau", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "passive", "singular", "subjunctive", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "dreugōz", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "dual", "first-person", "indicative" ] }, { "form": "dreugaiw", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "dual", "first-person", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "dual", "first-person", "imperative" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dual", "first-person", "indicative", "passive" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dual", "first-person", "passive", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "dreugadiz", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "dual", "indicative", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "dreugaidiz", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "dual", "second-person", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "dreugadiz", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "dual", "imperative", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dual", "indicative", "passive", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dual", "passive", "second-person", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "dreugamaz", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "first-person", "indicative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "dreugaim", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "first-person", "plural", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "first-person", "imperative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "dreugandai", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "first-person", "indicative", "passive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "dreugaindau", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "first-person", "passive", "plural", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "driugid", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "indicative", "plural", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "dreugaid", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "plural", "second-person", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "driugid", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "imperative", "plural", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "dreugandai", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "indicative", "passive", "plural", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "dreugaindau", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "passive", "plural", "second-person", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "dreugandi", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "indicative", "plural", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "dreugain", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "plural", "subjunctive", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "dreugandau", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "imperative", "plural", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "dreugandai", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "indicative", "passive", "plural", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "dreugaindau", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "passive", "plural", "subjunctive", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "draug", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "first-person", "indicative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "drugį̄", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "first-person", "singular", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "drauht", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "indicative", "second-person", "singular" ] }, { "form": "drugīz", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "second-person", "singular", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "draug", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "indicative", "singular", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "drugī", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "singular", "subjunctive", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "drugū", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "dual", "first-person", "indicative" ] }, { "form": "drugīw", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "dual", "first-person", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "drugudiz", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "dual", "indicative", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "drugīdiz", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "dual", "second-person", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "drugum", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "first-person", "indicative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "drugīm", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "first-person", "plural", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "drugud", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "indicative", "plural", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "drugīd", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "plural", "second-person", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "drugun", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "indicative", "plural", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "drugīn", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "plural", "subjunctive", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "dreugandz", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "participle", "present" ] }, { "form": "druganaz", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "participle", "past", "subjunctive" ] } ], "inflection_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "dreug", "2": "draug", "3": "drug", "4": "drug", "class": "2" }, "name": "gem-conj-st" } ], "lang": "Proto-Germanic", "lang_code": "gem-pro", "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/dreuganą", "pos": "verb", "senses": [ { "glosses": [ "to mislead, deceive" ], "links": [ [ "mislead", "mislead" ], [ "deceive", "deceive" ] ], "senseid": [ "gem-pro:mislead" ], "tags": [ "error-lua-exec", "reconstruction" ] } ], "sounds": [ { "ipa": "/ˈdreu̯.ɣɑ.nɑ̃/" } ], "wikipedia": [ "Brill Publishers" ], "word": "dreuganą" } { "categories": [ "Pages with 1 entry", "Pages with entries", "Proto-Germanic class 2 strong verbs", "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header", "Proto-Germanic lemmas", "Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European", "Proto-Germanic terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *dʰrewgʰ- (serve)", "Proto-Germanic verbs" ], "derived": [ { "word": "druhtiz" }, { "word": "druhtinaz" } ], "descendants": [ { "depth": 1, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "gmw-pro", "2": "*dreugan", "id": "serve" }, "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *dreugan\nOld English: drēogan\nMiddle English: dreogen, dregen, dreghen, dreȝen, drehen, dryen, dreen\nScots: dre, drie, drey, dree\nEnglish: dree, drudge", "name": "desctree" } ], "text": "Proto-West Germanic: *dreugan\nOld English: drēogan\nMiddle English: dreogen, dregen, dreghen, dreȝen, drehen, dryen, dreen\nScots: dre, drie, drey, dree\nEnglish: dree, drudge" }, { "depth": 1, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "got", "2": "𐌳𐍂𐌹𐌿𐌲𐌰𐌽" }, "expansion": "Gothic: 𐌳𐍂𐌹𐌿𐌲𐌰𐌽 (driugan)", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "Gothic: 𐌳𐍂𐌹𐌿𐌲𐌰𐌽 (driugan)" } ], "etymology_number": 2, "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "gem-pro", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*dʰrewgʰ-", "id": "serve" }, "expansion": "", "name": "root" }, { "args": { "1": "gem-pro", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*dʰrewgʰ-", "4": "", "5": "to hold fast; retain; support" }, "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dʰrewgʰ- (“to hold fast; retain; support”)", "name": "der" } ], "etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *dʰrewgʰ- (“to hold fast; retain; support”).", "forms": [ { "form": "strong", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "table-tags" ] }, { "form": "gem-conj-st", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "inflection-template" ] }, { "form": "2", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "class" ] }, { "form": "dreugō", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "first-person", "indicative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "dreugaų", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "first-person", "singular", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "first-person", "imperative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "dreugai", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "first-person", "indicative", "passive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "first-person", "passive", "singular", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "driugizi", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "indicative", "second-person", "singular" ] }, { "form": "dreugaiz", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "second-person", "singular", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "dreug", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "imperative", "second-person", "singular" ] }, { "form": "dreugazai", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "indicative", "passive", "second-person", "singular" ] }, { "form": "dreugaizau", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "passive", "second-person", "singular", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "driugidi", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "indicative", "singular", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "dreugai", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "singular", "subjunctive", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "dreugadau", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "imperative", "singular", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "dreugadai", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "indicative", "passive", "singular", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "dreugaidau", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "passive", "singular", "subjunctive", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "dreugōz", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "dual", "first-person", "indicative" ] }, { "form": "dreugaiw", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "dual", "first-person", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "dual", "first-person", "imperative" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dual", "first-person", "indicative", "passive" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dual", "first-person", "passive", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "dreugadiz", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "dual", "indicative", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "dreugaidiz", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "dual", "second-person", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "dreugadiz", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "dual", "imperative", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dual", "indicative", "passive", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dual", "passive", "second-person", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "dreugamaz", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "first-person", "indicative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "dreugaim", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "first-person", "plural", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "first-person", "imperative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "dreugandai", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "first-person", "indicative", "passive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "dreugaindau", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "first-person", "passive", "plural", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "driugid", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "indicative", "plural", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "dreugaid", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "plural", "second-person", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "driugid", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "imperative", "plural", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "dreugandai", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "indicative", "passive", "plural", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "dreugaindau", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "passive", "plural", "second-person", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "dreugandi", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "indicative", "plural", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "dreugain", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "plural", "subjunctive", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "dreugandau", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "imperative", "plural", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "dreugandai", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "indicative", "passive", "plural", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "dreugaindau", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "passive", "plural", "subjunctive", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "draug", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "first-person", "indicative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "drugį̄", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "first-person", "singular", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "drauht", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "indicative", "second-person", "singular" ] }, { "form": "drugīz", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "second-person", "singular", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "draug", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "indicative", "singular", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "drugī", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "singular", "subjunctive", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "drugū", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "dual", "first-person", "indicative" ] }, { "form": "drugīw", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "dual", "first-person", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "drugudiz", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "dual", "indicative", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "drugīdiz", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "dual", "second-person", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "drugum", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "first-person", "indicative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "drugīm", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "first-person", "plural", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "drugud", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "indicative", "plural", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "drugīd", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "plural", "second-person", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "drugun", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "indicative", "plural", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "drugīn", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "plural", "subjunctive", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "dreugandz", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "participle", "present" ] }, { "form": "druganaz", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "participle", "past", "subjunctive" ] } ], "inflection_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "dreug", "2": "draug", "3": "drug", "4": "drug", "class": "2", "nopass": "1" }, "name": "gem-conj-st" } ], "lang": "Proto-Germanic", "lang_code": "gem-pro", "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/dreuganą", "pos": "verb", "related": [ { "word": "draugą" }, { "word": "draugô" }, { "word": "driugijaną" }, { "word": "drangijaz" } ], "senses": [ { "glosses": [ "to serve, to be a retainer" ], "links": [ [ "serve", "serve" ], [ "retainer", "retainer" ] ], "senseid": [ "gem-pro:serve" ], "tags": [ "reconstruction" ] } ], "sounds": [ { "ipa": "/ˈdreu̯.ɣɑ.nɑ̃/" } ], "wikipedia": [ "Brill Publishers" ], "word": "dreuganą" }
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This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-11-21 using wiktextract (94ba7e1 and 5dea2a6). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
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