See burdą in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{ "descendants": [ { "depth": 1, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "gmw-pro", "2": "*bord" }, "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *bord\nOld English: bord\n→ Cornish: bord\nMiddle English: bord\nEnglish: board\nScots: buird\nYola: borde\n→ Old Irish: bord\nMiddle Irish: bord\nIrish: bord\nManx: boayrd\nScottish Gaelic: bòrd\n→ Middle Welsh: bort\nWelsh: bord\n→ Middle Welsh: bwrð\nWelsh: bwrdd\nOld Frisian: bord\nSaterland Frisian: Boud\nWest Frisian: board\nOld Saxon: bord\nMiddle Low German: bōrt\nGerman Low German: Boord\nOld Dutch: *bort\nMiddle Dutch: bort\nDutch: bord\nAfrikaans: bord\nOld High German: bort\nMiddle High German: bort\nGerman: Bord\n→ Medieval Latin: bordum (see there for further descendants)", "name": "desctree" } ], "text": "Proto-West Germanic: *bord\nOld English: bord\n→ Cornish: bord\nMiddle English: bord\nEnglish: board\nScots: buird\nYola: borde\n→ Old Irish: bord\nMiddle Irish: bord\nIrish: bord\nManx: boayrd\nScottish Gaelic: bòrd\n→ Middle Welsh: bort\nWelsh: bord\n→ Middle Welsh: bwrð\nWelsh: bwrdd\nOld Frisian: bord\nSaterland Frisian: Boud\nWest Frisian: board\nOld Saxon: bord\nMiddle Low German: bōrt\nGerman Low German: Boord\nOld Dutch: *bort\nMiddle Dutch: bort\nDutch: bord\nAfrikaans: bord\nOld High German: bort\nMiddle High German: bort\nGerman: Bord\n→ Medieval Latin: bordum (see there for further descendants)" }, { "depth": 1, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "non", "2": "borð" }, "expansion": "Old Norse: borð\nIcelandic: borð\nFaroese: borð\nNorn: børd\nNorwegian Nynorsk: bord\nElfdalian: buord\nOld Swedish: borþ\nSwedish: bord\nDanish: bord\nNorwegian Bokmål: bord\nGutnish: bord, bor, bård\n→ Norman: bord (Jersey)", "name": "desctree" } ], "text": "Old Norse: borð\nIcelandic: borð\nFaroese: borð\nNorn: børd\nNorwegian Nynorsk: bord\nElfdalian: buord\nOld Swedish: borþ\nSwedish: bord\nDanish: bord\nNorwegian Bokmål: bord\nGutnish: bord, bor, bård\n→ Norman: bord (Jersey)" }, { "depth": 1, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "got", "2": "*𐌱𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌳" }, "expansion": "Gothic: *𐌱𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌳 (*baurd)", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "Gothic: *𐌱𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌳 (*baurd)" }, { "depth": 2, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "got", "2": "𐍆𐍉𐍄𐌿𐌱𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌳", "der": "1" }, "expansion": "⇒ Gothic: 𐍆𐍉𐍄𐌿𐌱𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌳 (fōtubaurd)", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "⇒ Gothic: 𐍆𐍉𐍄𐌿𐌱𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌳 (fōtubaurd)" }, { "depth": 1, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "urj-fin-pro", "2": "*pordas", "3": "*purci", "4": "*purdëh", "bor": "1" }, "expansion": "→ Proto-Finnic: *pordas, *purci, *purdëh", "name": "desc" }, { "args": {}, "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)", "name": "see desc" } ], "text": "→ Proto-Finnic: *pordas, *purci, *purdëh (see there for further descendants)" } ], "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "gem-pro", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*bʰerdʰ-", "4": "*bʰerH-", "id2": "pierce" }, "expansion": "", "name": "root" }, { "args": { "1": "gem-pro", "nocap": "1" }, "expansion": "uncertain", "name": "unc" }, { "args": { "1": "goh", "2": "borto" }, "expansion": "Old High German borto", "name": "cog" }, { "args": { "1": "fo", "2": "breddi" }, "expansion": "Faroese breddi", "name": "cog" }, { "args": { "1": "gem-pro", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "", "4": "*bʰérsdʰ-ō ~ *bʰr̥sdʰ-nés" }, "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰérsdʰ-ō ~ *bʰr̥sdʰ-nés", "name": "inh" }, { "args": { "1": "ine-pro", "2": "*bʰers-", "3": "*dʰh₁eti", "nocat": "1", "t1": "tip, edge" }, "expansion": "*bʰers- (“tip, edge”) + *-dʰh₁eti", "name": "suf" }, { "args": { "1": "sa", "2": "भृस्ति", "t": "tip, edge", "tr": "bhṛstí" }, "expansion": "Sanskrit: भृस्ति (bhṛstí, “tip, edge”)", "name": "desc" }, { "args": { "1": "gem-pro", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*bʰerHdʰ-" }, "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰerHdʰ-", "name": "der" }, { "args": { "1": "ine-pro", "2": "*bʰerH-", "3": "*dʰh₁eti", "nocat": "1", "t1": "to strike, pierce; to work with sharp tools" }, "expansion": "*bʰerH- (“to strike, pierce; to work with sharp tools”) + *-dʰh₁eti", "name": "suf" }, { "args": { "1": "sla-pro", "2": "*bьrdo", "3": "", "4": "comb, reed" }, "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *bьrdo (“comb, reed”)", "name": "cog" }, { "args": { "1": "lt", "2": "bartà", "3": "", "4": "board" }, "expansion": "Lithuanian bartà (“board”)", "name": "cog" } ], "etymology_text": "Of uncertain origin; possibly from earlier *brezdą ~ *burzdnaz (“edge, board”) (whence also Old High German borto, Faroese breddi), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰérsdʰ-ō ~ *bʰr̥sdʰ-nés, from *bʰers- (“tip, edge”) + *-dʰh₁eti (compare Sanskrit: भृस्ति (bhṛstí, “tip, edge”)). Alternatively perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *bʰerHdʰ-, from *bʰerH- (“to strike, pierce; to work with sharp tools”) + *-dʰh₁eti. Possible cognate with Proto-Slavic *bьrdo (“comb, reed”). Or, compare instead Lithuanian bartà (“board”). Note that all of these explanations require the e-grade byform *bredą to be back-formed, when a root *bred- would otherwise be the simplest explanation.", "forms": [ { "form": "no-table-tags", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "table-tags" ] }, { "form": "gem-decl-noun", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "inflection-template" ] }, { "form": "a-stem", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "class" ] }, { "form": "burdą", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "nominative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "burdō", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "nominative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "burdą", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "singular", "vocative" ] }, { "form": "burdō", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "plural", "vocative" ] }, { "form": "burdą", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "accusative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "burdō", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "accusative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "burdas", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "genitive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "burdis", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "genitive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "burdǫ̂", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "genitive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "burdai", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "burdamaz", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "burdō", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "instrumental", "singular" ] }, { "form": "burdamiz", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "instrumental", "plural" ] } ], "inflection_templates": [ { "args": {}, "name": "gem-decl-noun" } ], "lang": "Proto-Germanic", "lang_code": "gem-pro", "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/burdą", "pos": "noun", "related": [ { "_dis1": "0 0 0", "word": "bruzdô" }, { "_dis1": "0 0 0", "english": "point, tip, shoot, edge?; probably, per Kroonen's theory", "word": "bruzdaz" }, { "_dis1": "0 0 0", "english": "axe", "tags": [ "possibly" ], "word": "bardō" }, { "_dis1": "0 0 0", "english": "beard", "tags": [ "possibly" ], "word": "bardaz" } ], "senses": [ { "categories": [ { "_dis": "71 14 14", "kind": "other", "name": "Pages with 1 entry", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "83 8 8", "kind": "other", "name": "Pages with entries", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "89 5 5", "kind": "other", "name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header", "parents": [ "Entries with incorrect language header", "Entry maintenance" ], "source": "w+disamb" } ], "glosses": [ "board, plank" ], "id": "en-burdą-gem-pro-noun-i-F6dFQN", "links": [ [ "board", "board" ], [ "plank", "plank" ] ], "related": [ { "_dis1": "100 0 0", "sense": "Middle English: bred, brede", "tags": [ "English", "dialectal" ], "word": "bred" }, { "_dis1": "100 0 0", "sense": "Middle English: bred, brede", "tags": [ "English" ], "word": "bread" }, { "_dis1": "100 0 0", "sense": "Middle English: bred, brede", "tags": [ "English" ], "word": "braid" }, { "_dis1": "100 0 0", "sense": "Middle English: bred, brede", "tags": [ "English" ], "word": "brade" }, { "_dis1": "100 0 0", "sense": "Middle English: bred, brede", "tags": [ "English" ], "word": "brad" }, { "_dis1": "100 0 0", "sense": "Middle English: bred, brede; Scots", "word": "bred" }, { "_dis1": "100 0 0", "sense": "Middle English: bred, brede; Scots", "word": "braid" }, { "_dis1": "100 0 0", "sense": "Middle English: bred, brede; Scots", "word": "brad" }, { "_dis1": "100 0 0", "sense": "Old Frisian: *bred", "word": "Brääd" }, { "_dis1": "100 0 0", "sense": "Old Frisian: *bred; West Frisian", "word": "bret" }, { "_dis1": "100 0 0", "sense": "Middle Low German: bred, bret", "tags": [ "German-Low-German" ], "word": "Bredd" }, { "_dis1": "100 0 0", "sense": "Middle Low German: bred, bret", "tags": [ "German-Low-German" ], "word": "Brett" }, { "_dis1": "100 0 0", "sense": "Middle Dutch: bret, bert, bart, bort", "tags": [ "Dutch" ], "word": "bred" }, { "_dis1": "100 0 0", "sense": "Middle Dutch: bret, bert, bart, bort", "tags": [ "Dutch" ], "word": "berd" }, { "_dis1": "100 0 0", "sense": "Middle High German: bret", "tags": [ "German" ], "word": "Brett" }, { "_dis1": "100 0 0", "sense": "Middle High German: bret", "word": "braot" }, { "_dis1": "100 0 0", "roman": "bret", "sense": "Middle High German: bret; Yiddish", "word": "ברעט" } ], "tags": [ "neuter", "reconstruction" ] }, { "glosses": [ "table" ], "id": "en-burdą-gem-pro-noun-DU~Ep403", "links": [ [ "table", "table" ] ], "tags": [ "neuter", "reconstruction" ] }, { "glosses": [ "edge" ], "id": "en-burdą-gem-pro-noun-ocsQD1fp", "links": [ [ "edge", "edge" ] ], "tags": [ "neuter", "reconstruction" ] } ], "sounds": [ { "ipa": "/ˈbur.ðɑ̃/" } ], "wikipedia": [ "Brill Publishers", "Oleg Trubachyov" ], "word": "burdą" }
{ "categories": [ "Pages with 1 entry", "Pages with entries", "Proto-Germanic a-stem nouns", "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header", "Proto-Germanic lemmas", "Proto-Germanic neuter nouns", "Proto-Germanic nouns", "Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European", "Proto-Germanic terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰerH- (pierce)", "Proto-Germanic terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰerdʰ-", "Proto-Germanic terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European", "Proto-Germanic terms with unknown etymologies" ], "descendants": [ { "depth": 1, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "gmw-pro", "2": "*bord" }, "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *bord\nOld English: bord\n→ Cornish: bord\nMiddle English: bord\nEnglish: board\nScots: buird\nYola: borde\n→ Old Irish: bord\nMiddle Irish: bord\nIrish: bord\nManx: boayrd\nScottish Gaelic: bòrd\n→ Middle Welsh: bort\nWelsh: bord\n→ Middle Welsh: bwrð\nWelsh: bwrdd\nOld Frisian: bord\nSaterland Frisian: Boud\nWest Frisian: board\nOld Saxon: bord\nMiddle Low German: bōrt\nGerman Low German: Boord\nOld Dutch: *bort\nMiddle Dutch: bort\nDutch: bord\nAfrikaans: bord\nOld High German: bort\nMiddle High German: bort\nGerman: Bord\n→ Medieval Latin: bordum (see there for further descendants)", "name": "desctree" } ], "text": "Proto-West Germanic: *bord\nOld English: bord\n→ Cornish: bord\nMiddle English: bord\nEnglish: board\nScots: buird\nYola: borde\n→ Old Irish: bord\nMiddle Irish: bord\nIrish: bord\nManx: boayrd\nScottish Gaelic: bòrd\n→ Middle Welsh: bort\nWelsh: bord\n→ Middle Welsh: bwrð\nWelsh: bwrdd\nOld Frisian: bord\nSaterland Frisian: Boud\nWest Frisian: board\nOld Saxon: bord\nMiddle Low German: bōrt\nGerman Low German: Boord\nOld Dutch: *bort\nMiddle Dutch: bort\nDutch: bord\nAfrikaans: bord\nOld High German: bort\nMiddle High German: bort\nGerman: Bord\n→ Medieval Latin: bordum (see there for further descendants)" }, { "depth": 1, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "non", "2": "borð" }, "expansion": "Old Norse: borð\nIcelandic: borð\nFaroese: borð\nNorn: børd\nNorwegian Nynorsk: bord\nElfdalian: buord\nOld Swedish: borþ\nSwedish: bord\nDanish: bord\nNorwegian Bokmål: bord\nGutnish: bord, bor, bård\n→ Norman: bord (Jersey)", "name": "desctree" } ], "text": "Old Norse: borð\nIcelandic: borð\nFaroese: borð\nNorn: børd\nNorwegian Nynorsk: bord\nElfdalian: buord\nOld Swedish: borþ\nSwedish: bord\nDanish: bord\nNorwegian Bokmål: bord\nGutnish: bord, bor, bård\n→ Norman: bord (Jersey)" }, { "depth": 1, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "got", "2": "*𐌱𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌳" }, "expansion": "Gothic: *𐌱𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌳 (*baurd)", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "Gothic: *𐌱𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌳 (*baurd)" }, { "depth": 2, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "got", "2": "𐍆𐍉𐍄𐌿𐌱𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌳", "der": "1" }, "expansion": "⇒ Gothic: 𐍆𐍉𐍄𐌿𐌱𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌳 (fōtubaurd)", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "⇒ Gothic: 𐍆𐍉𐍄𐌿𐌱𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌳 (fōtubaurd)" }, { "depth": 1, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "urj-fin-pro", "2": "*pordas", "3": "*purci", "4": "*purdëh", "bor": "1" }, "expansion": "→ Proto-Finnic: *pordas, *purci, *purdëh", "name": "desc" }, { "args": {}, "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)", "name": "see desc" } ], "text": "→ Proto-Finnic: *pordas, *purci, *purdëh (see there for further descendants)" } ], "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "gem-pro", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*bʰerdʰ-", "4": "*bʰerH-", "id2": "pierce" }, "expansion": "", "name": "root" }, { "args": { "1": "gem-pro", "nocap": "1" }, "expansion": "uncertain", "name": "unc" }, { "args": { "1": "goh", "2": "borto" }, "expansion": "Old High German borto", "name": "cog" }, { "args": { "1": "fo", "2": "breddi" }, "expansion": "Faroese breddi", "name": "cog" }, { "args": { "1": "gem-pro", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "", "4": "*bʰérsdʰ-ō ~ *bʰr̥sdʰ-nés" }, "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰérsdʰ-ō ~ *bʰr̥sdʰ-nés", "name": "inh" }, { "args": { "1": "ine-pro", "2": "*bʰers-", "3": "*dʰh₁eti", "nocat": "1", "t1": "tip, edge" }, "expansion": "*bʰers- (“tip, edge”) + *-dʰh₁eti", "name": "suf" }, { "args": { "1": "sa", "2": "भृस्ति", "t": "tip, edge", "tr": "bhṛstí" }, "expansion": "Sanskrit: भृस्ति (bhṛstí, “tip, edge”)", "name": "desc" }, { "args": { "1": "gem-pro", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*bʰerHdʰ-" }, "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰerHdʰ-", "name": "der" }, { "args": { "1": "ine-pro", "2": "*bʰerH-", "3": "*dʰh₁eti", "nocat": "1", "t1": "to strike, pierce; to work with sharp tools" }, "expansion": "*bʰerH- (“to strike, pierce; to work with sharp tools”) + *-dʰh₁eti", "name": "suf" }, { "args": { "1": "sla-pro", "2": "*bьrdo", "3": "", "4": "comb, reed" }, "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *bьrdo (“comb, reed”)", "name": "cog" }, { "args": { "1": "lt", "2": "bartà", "3": "", "4": "board" }, "expansion": "Lithuanian bartà (“board”)", "name": "cog" } ], "etymology_text": "Of uncertain origin; possibly from earlier *brezdą ~ *burzdnaz (“edge, board”) (whence also Old High German borto, Faroese breddi), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰérsdʰ-ō ~ *bʰr̥sdʰ-nés, from *bʰers- (“tip, edge”) + *-dʰh₁eti (compare Sanskrit: भृस्ति (bhṛstí, “tip, edge”)). Alternatively perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *bʰerHdʰ-, from *bʰerH- (“to strike, pierce; to work with sharp tools”) + *-dʰh₁eti. Possible cognate with Proto-Slavic *bьrdo (“comb, reed”). Or, compare instead Lithuanian bartà (“board”). Note that all of these explanations require the e-grade byform *bredą to be back-formed, when a root *bred- would otherwise be the simplest explanation.", "forms": [ { "form": "no-table-tags", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "table-tags" ] }, { "form": "gem-decl-noun", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "inflection-template" ] }, { "form": "a-stem", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "class" ] }, { "form": "burdą", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "nominative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "burdō", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "nominative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "burdą", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "singular", "vocative" ] }, { "form": "burdō", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "plural", "vocative" ] }, { "form": "burdą", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "accusative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "burdō", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "accusative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "burdas", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "genitive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "burdis", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "genitive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "burdǫ̂", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "genitive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "burdai", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "burdamaz", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "burdō", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "instrumental", "singular" ] }, { "form": "burdamiz", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "instrumental", "plural" ] } ], "inflection_templates": [ { "args": {}, "name": "gem-decl-noun" } ], "lang": "Proto-Germanic", "lang_code": "gem-pro", "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/burdą", "pos": "noun", "related": [ { "sense": "Middle English: bred, brede", "tags": [ "English", "dialectal" ], "word": "bred" }, { "sense": "Middle English: bred, brede", "tags": [ "English" ], "word": "bread" }, { "sense": "Middle English: bred, brede", "tags": [ "English" ], "word": "braid" }, { "sense": "Middle English: bred, brede", "tags": [ "English" ], "word": "brade" }, { "sense": "Middle English: bred, brede", "tags": [ "English" ], "word": "brad" }, { "sense": "Middle English: bred, brede; Scots", "word": "bred" }, { "sense": "Middle English: bred, brede; Scots", "word": "braid" }, { "sense": "Middle English: bred, brede; Scots", "word": "brad" }, { "sense": "Old Frisian: *bred", "word": "Brääd" }, { "sense": "Old Frisian: *bred; West Frisian", "word": "bret" }, { "sense": "Middle Low German: bred, bret", "tags": [ "German-Low-German" ], "word": "Bredd" }, { "sense": "Middle Low German: bred, bret", "tags": [ "German-Low-German" ], "word": "Brett" }, { "sense": "Middle Dutch: bret, bert, bart, bort", "tags": [ "Dutch" ], "word": "bred" }, { "sense": "Middle Dutch: bret, bert, bart, bort", "tags": [ "Dutch" ], "word": "berd" }, { "sense": "Middle High German: bret", "tags": [ "German" ], "word": "Brett" }, { "sense": "Middle High German: bret", "word": "braot" }, { "roman": "bret", "sense": "Middle High German: bret; Yiddish", "word": "ברעט" }, { "word": "bruzdô" }, { "english": "point, tip, shoot, edge?; probably, per Kroonen's theory", "word": "bruzdaz" }, { "english": "axe", "tags": [ "possibly" ], "word": "bardō" }, { "english": "beard", "tags": [ "possibly" ], "word": "bardaz" } ], "senses": [ { "glosses": [ "board, plank" ], "links": [ [ "board", "board" ], [ "plank", "plank" ] ], "tags": [ "neuter", "reconstruction" ] }, { "glosses": [ "table" ], "links": [ [ "table", "table" ] ], "tags": [ "neuter", "reconstruction" ] }, { "glosses": [ "edge" ], "links": [ [ "edge", "edge" ] ], "tags": [ "neuter", "reconstruction" ] } ], "sounds": [ { "ipa": "/ˈbur.ðɑ̃/" } ], "wikipedia": [ "Brill Publishers", "Oleg Trubachyov" ], "word": "burdą" }
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This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (d49d402 and a5af179). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
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