See burdą in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*bord"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *bord\nOld English: bord\n→ Cornish: bord\nMiddle English: bord\nEnglish: board\nScots: buird\nYola: borde\n→ Old Irish: bord\nMiddle Irish: bord\nIrish: bord\nManx: boayrd\nScottish Gaelic: bòrd\n→ Middle Welsh: bort\nWelsh: bord\n→ Middle Welsh: bwrð\nWelsh: bwrdd\nOld Frisian: bord\nSaterland Frisian: Boud\nWest Frisian: board\nOld Saxon: bord\nMiddle Low German: bōrt\nGerman Low German: Boord\nOld Dutch: *bort\nMiddle Dutch: bort\nDutch: bord\nAfrikaans: bord\nOld High German: bort\nMiddle High German: bort\nGerman: Bord\n→ Medieval Latin: bordum (see there for further descendants)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *bord\nOld English: bord\n→ Cornish: bord\nMiddle English: bord\nEnglish: board\nScots: buird\nYola: borde\n→ Old Irish: bord\nMiddle Irish: bord\nIrish: bord\nManx: boayrd\nScottish Gaelic: bòrd\n→ Middle Welsh: bort\nWelsh: bord\n→ Middle Welsh: bwrð\nWelsh: bwrdd\nOld Frisian: bord\nSaterland Frisian: Boud\nWest Frisian: board\nOld Saxon: bord\nMiddle Low German: bōrt\nGerman Low German: Boord\nOld Dutch: *bort\nMiddle Dutch: bort\nDutch: bord\nAfrikaans: bord\nOld High German: bort\nMiddle High German: bort\nGerman: Bord\n→ Medieval Latin: bordum (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "borð"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: borð\nIcelandic: borð\nFaroese: borð\nNorn: børd\nNorwegian Nynorsk: bord\nElfdalian: buord\nOld Swedish: borþ\nSwedish: bord\nDanish: bord\nNorwegian Bokmål: bord\nGutnish: bord, bor, bård\n→ Norman: bord (Jersey)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: borð\nIcelandic: borð\nFaroese: borð\nNorn: børd\nNorwegian Nynorsk: bord\nElfdalian: buord\nOld Swedish: borþ\nSwedish: bord\nDanish: bord\nNorwegian Bokmål: bord\nGutnish: bord, bor, bård\n→ Norman: bord (Jersey)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "*𐌱𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌳"
},
"expansion": "Gothic: *𐌱𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌳 (*baurd)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gothic: *𐌱𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌳 (*baurd)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐍆𐍉𐍄𐌿𐌱𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌳",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Gothic: 𐍆𐍉𐍄𐌿𐌱𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌳 (fōtubaurd)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Gothic: 𐍆𐍉𐍄𐌿𐌱𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌳 (fōtubaurd)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "*pordas",
"3": "*purci",
"4": "*purdëh",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Proto-Finnic: *pordas, *purci, *purdëh",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Proto-Finnic: *pordas, *purci, *purdëh (see there for further descendants)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰerdʰ-",
"4": "*bʰerH-",
"id2": "pierce"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "borto"
},
"expansion": "Old High German borto",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "breddi"
},
"expansion": "Faroese breddi",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*bʰérsdʰ-ō ~ *bʰr̥sdʰ-nés"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰérsdʰ-ō ~ *bʰr̥sdʰ-nés",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*bʰers-",
"3": "*dʰh₁eti",
"nocat": "1",
"t1": "tip, edge"
},
"expansion": "*bʰers- (“tip, edge”) + *-dʰh₁eti",
"name": "suf"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "भृष्टि",
"t": "tip, edge",
"tr": "bhṛṣtí"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit भृष्टि (bhṛṣtí, “tip, edge”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "brot",
"t": "goad, spike"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish brot (“goad, spike”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰerHdʰ-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰerHdʰ-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*bʰerH-",
"3": "*dʰh₁eti",
"nocat": "1",
"t1": "to strike, pierce; to work with sharp tools"
},
"expansion": "*bʰerH- (“to strike, pierce; to work with sharp tools”) + *-dʰh₁eti",
"name": "suf"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*bьrdo",
"3": "",
"4": "comb, reed"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *bьrdo (“comb, reed”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "bartà",
"3": "",
"4": "board"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian bartà (“board”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Of uncertain origin; possibly from earlier *brezdą ~ *burzdnaz (“edge, board”) (whence also Old High German borto, Faroese breddi), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰérsdʰ-ō ~ *bʰr̥sdʰ-nés, from *bʰers- (“tip, edge”) + *-dʰh₁eti (compare Sanskrit भृष्टि (bhṛṣtí, “tip, edge”)), as well as Old Irish brot (“goad, spike”). Alternatively perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *bʰerHdʰ-, from *bʰerH- (“to strike, pierce; to work with sharp tools”) + *-dʰh₁eti. Possible cognate with Proto-Slavic *bьrdo (“comb, reed”). Or, compare instead Lithuanian bartà (“board”). Note that all of these explanations require the e-grade byform *bredą to be back-formed, when a root *bred- would otherwise be the simplest explanation.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "burdą",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "burdō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "burdą",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "burdō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "burdą",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "burdō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "burdas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "burdis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "burdǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "burdai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "burdamaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "burdō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "burdamiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/burdą",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "bredą"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "brazdaz"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "bruzdô"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"english": "point, tip, shoot, edge?; probably, per Kroonen's theory",
"word": "bruzdaz"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"english": "axe",
"tags": [
"possibly"
],
"word": "bardō"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"english": "beard",
"tags": [
"possibly"
],
"word": "bardaz"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "60 20 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "81 10 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "86 7 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"board, plank"
],
"id": "en-burdą-gem-pro-noun-i-F6dFQN",
"links": [
[
"board",
"board"
],
[
"plank",
"plank"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"table"
],
"id": "en-burdą-gem-pro-noun-DU~Ep403",
"links": [
[
"table",
"table"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"edge"
],
"id": "en-burdą-gem-pro-noun-ocsQD1fp",
"links": [
[
"edge",
"edge"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈbur.ðɑ̃/"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers",
"Oleg Trubachyov"
],
"word": "burdą"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Germanic a-stem nouns",
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-Germanic neuter nouns",
"Proto-Germanic nouns",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰerH- (pierce)",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰerdʰ-",
"Proto-Germanic terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Germanic terms with unknown etymologies"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*bord"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *bord\nOld English: bord\n→ Cornish: bord\nMiddle English: bord\nEnglish: board\nScots: buird\nYola: borde\n→ Old Irish: bord\nMiddle Irish: bord\nIrish: bord\nManx: boayrd\nScottish Gaelic: bòrd\n→ Middle Welsh: bort\nWelsh: bord\n→ Middle Welsh: bwrð\nWelsh: bwrdd\nOld Frisian: bord\nSaterland Frisian: Boud\nWest Frisian: board\nOld Saxon: bord\nMiddle Low German: bōrt\nGerman Low German: Boord\nOld Dutch: *bort\nMiddle Dutch: bort\nDutch: bord\nAfrikaans: bord\nOld High German: bort\nMiddle High German: bort\nGerman: Bord\n→ Medieval Latin: bordum (see there for further descendants)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *bord\nOld English: bord\n→ Cornish: bord\nMiddle English: bord\nEnglish: board\nScots: buird\nYola: borde\n→ Old Irish: bord\nMiddle Irish: bord\nIrish: bord\nManx: boayrd\nScottish Gaelic: bòrd\n→ Middle Welsh: bort\nWelsh: bord\n→ Middle Welsh: bwrð\nWelsh: bwrdd\nOld Frisian: bord\nSaterland Frisian: Boud\nWest Frisian: board\nOld Saxon: bord\nMiddle Low German: bōrt\nGerman Low German: Boord\nOld Dutch: *bort\nMiddle Dutch: bort\nDutch: bord\nAfrikaans: bord\nOld High German: bort\nMiddle High German: bort\nGerman: Bord\n→ Medieval Latin: bordum (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "borð"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: borð\nIcelandic: borð\nFaroese: borð\nNorn: børd\nNorwegian Nynorsk: bord\nElfdalian: buord\nOld Swedish: borþ\nSwedish: bord\nDanish: bord\nNorwegian Bokmål: bord\nGutnish: bord, bor, bård\n→ Norman: bord (Jersey)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: borð\nIcelandic: borð\nFaroese: borð\nNorn: børd\nNorwegian Nynorsk: bord\nElfdalian: buord\nOld Swedish: borþ\nSwedish: bord\nDanish: bord\nNorwegian Bokmål: bord\nGutnish: bord, bor, bård\n→ Norman: bord (Jersey)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "*𐌱𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌳"
},
"expansion": "Gothic: *𐌱𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌳 (*baurd)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gothic: *𐌱𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌳 (*baurd)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐍆𐍉𐍄𐌿𐌱𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌳",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Gothic: 𐍆𐍉𐍄𐌿𐌱𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌳 (fōtubaurd)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Gothic: 𐍆𐍉𐍄𐌿𐌱𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌳 (fōtubaurd)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "*pordas",
"3": "*purci",
"4": "*purdëh",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Proto-Finnic: *pordas, *purci, *purdëh",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Proto-Finnic: *pordas, *purci, *purdëh (see there for further descendants)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰerdʰ-",
"4": "*bʰerH-",
"id2": "pierce"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "borto"
},
"expansion": "Old High German borto",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "breddi"
},
"expansion": "Faroese breddi",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*bʰérsdʰ-ō ~ *bʰr̥sdʰ-nés"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰérsdʰ-ō ~ *bʰr̥sdʰ-nés",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*bʰers-",
"3": "*dʰh₁eti",
"nocat": "1",
"t1": "tip, edge"
},
"expansion": "*bʰers- (“tip, edge”) + *-dʰh₁eti",
"name": "suf"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "भृष्टि",
"t": "tip, edge",
"tr": "bhṛṣtí"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit भृष्टि (bhṛṣtí, “tip, edge”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "brot",
"t": "goad, spike"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish brot (“goad, spike”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰerHdʰ-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰerHdʰ-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*bʰerH-",
"3": "*dʰh₁eti",
"nocat": "1",
"t1": "to strike, pierce; to work with sharp tools"
},
"expansion": "*bʰerH- (“to strike, pierce; to work with sharp tools”) + *-dʰh₁eti",
"name": "suf"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*bьrdo",
"3": "",
"4": "comb, reed"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *bьrdo (“comb, reed”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "bartà",
"3": "",
"4": "board"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian bartà (“board”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Of uncertain origin; possibly from earlier *brezdą ~ *burzdnaz (“edge, board”) (whence also Old High German borto, Faroese breddi), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰérsdʰ-ō ~ *bʰr̥sdʰ-nés, from *bʰers- (“tip, edge”) + *-dʰh₁eti (compare Sanskrit भृष्टि (bhṛṣtí, “tip, edge”)), as well as Old Irish brot (“goad, spike”). Alternatively perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *bʰerHdʰ-, from *bʰerH- (“to strike, pierce; to work with sharp tools”) + *-dʰh₁eti. Possible cognate with Proto-Slavic *bьrdo (“comb, reed”). Or, compare instead Lithuanian bartà (“board”). Note that all of these explanations require the e-grade byform *bredą to be back-formed, when a root *bred- would otherwise be the simplest explanation.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "burdą",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "burdō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "burdą",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "burdō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "burdą",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "burdō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "burdas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "burdis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "burdǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "burdai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "burdamaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "burdō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "burdamiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/burdą",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "bredą"
},
{
"word": "brazdaz"
},
{
"word": "bruzdô"
},
{
"english": "point, tip, shoot, edge?; probably, per Kroonen's theory",
"word": "bruzdaz"
},
{
"english": "axe",
"tags": [
"possibly"
],
"word": "bardō"
},
{
"english": "beard",
"tags": [
"possibly"
],
"word": "bardaz"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"board, plank"
],
"links": [
[
"board",
"board"
],
[
"plank",
"plank"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"table"
],
"links": [
[
"table",
"table"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"edge"
],
"links": [
[
"edge",
"edge"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈbur.ðɑ̃/"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers",
"Oleg Trubachyov"
],
"word": "burdą"
}
Download raw JSONL data for burdą meaning in Proto-Germanic (7.8kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (8a39820 and 4401a4c). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.