brēþiz in Proto-Germanic

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Etymology: Pointing to pre-Germanic *bʰrēt-, but of uncertain further origin. Most likely from the verb *brēaną (“to fume, smell, give off vapor”), attested only in Middle High German bræhen (“to smell”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰreh₁-, perhaps an extension of the root *bʰer- (“to seethe, toss about, cook”) . Alternatively, perhaps from *gʰwer- (“to smell, breathe”). Etymology templates: {{unc|gem-pro|nocap=1}} uncertain, {{cog|gmh|bræhen||to smell}} Middle High German bræhen (“to smell”), {{der|gem-pro|ine-pro|*bʰreh₁-}} Proto-Indo-European *bʰreh₁- Inflection templates: {{gem-decl-noun}} Forms: no-table-tags [table-tags], brēþiz [nominative, singular], brēþīz [nominative, plural], brēþi [singular, vocative], brēþīz [plural, vocative], brēþį [accusative, singular], brēþinz [accusative, plural], brēþīz [genitive, singular], brēþijǫ̂ [genitive, plural], brēþī [dative, singular], brēþimaz [dative, plural], brēþī [instrumental, singular], brēþimiz [instrumental, plural]

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{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmw-pro",
            "2": "*brāþi"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *brāþi\nOld English: brǣþ\nMiddle English: breeth, breað, braþe, breth, breith\nEnglish: breath\nScots: breth, brethe, breith",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-West Germanic: *brāþi\nOld English: brǣþ\nMiddle English: breeth, breað, braþe, breth, breith\nEnglish: breath\nScots: breth, brethe, breith"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "nocap": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "uncertain",
      "name": "unc"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmh",
        "2": "bræhen",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to smell"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle High German bræhen (“to smell”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*bʰreh₁-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰreh₁-",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Pointing to pre-Germanic *bʰrēt-, but of uncertain further origin. Most likely from the verb *brēaną (“to fume, smell, give off vapor”), attested only in Middle High German bræhen (“to smell”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰreh₁-, perhaps an extension of the root *bʰer- (“to seethe, toss about, cook”) .\nAlternatively, perhaps from *gʰwer- (“to smell, breathe”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gem-decl-noun",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "i-stem",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brēþiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brēþīz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brēþi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brēþīz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brēþį",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brēþinz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brēþīz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brēþijǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brēþī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brēþimaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brēþī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brēþimiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "gem-decl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Germanic",
  "lang_code": "gem-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/brēþiz",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "brēþaz"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "West Proto-Germanic",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "vapour; steam; breath"
      ],
      "id": "en-brēþiz-gem-pro-noun-8YX4fMaB",
      "links": [
        [
          "vapour",
          "vapour"
        ],
        [
          "steam",
          "steam"
        ],
        [
          "breath",
          "breath"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(West Germanic) vapour; steam; breath"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Germanic",
        "West",
        "masculine",
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "West Proto-Germanic",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "29 71",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "32 68",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "odour, smell"
      ],
      "id": "en-brēþiz-gem-pro-noun-NUUhf2oP",
      "links": [
        [
          "odour",
          "odour"
        ],
        [
          "smell",
          "smell"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(West Germanic) odour, smell"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Germanic",
        "West",
        "masculine",
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Brill Publishers"
  ],
  "word": "brēþiz"
}

[Show JSON for raw wiktextract data ▼] [Hide JSON for raw wiktextract data ▲]

{
  "categories": [
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
    "Proto-Germanic i-stem nouns",
    "Proto-Germanic lemmas",
    "Proto-Germanic masculine nouns",
    "Proto-Germanic nouns",
    "Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Proto-Germanic terms with unknown etymologies"
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmw-pro",
            "2": "*brāþi"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *brāþi\nOld English: brǣþ\nMiddle English: breeth, breað, braþe, breth, breith\nEnglish: breath\nScots: breth, brethe, breith",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-West Germanic: *brāþi\nOld English: brǣþ\nMiddle English: breeth, breað, braþe, breth, breith\nEnglish: breath\nScots: breth, brethe, breith"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "nocap": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "uncertain",
      "name": "unc"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmh",
        "2": "bræhen",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to smell"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle High German bræhen (“to smell”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*bʰreh₁-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰreh₁-",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Pointing to pre-Germanic *bʰrēt-, but of uncertain further origin. Most likely from the verb *brēaną (“to fume, smell, give off vapor”), attested only in Middle High German bræhen (“to smell”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰreh₁-, perhaps an extension of the root *bʰer- (“to seethe, toss about, cook”) .\nAlternatively, perhaps from *gʰwer- (“to smell, breathe”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gem-decl-noun",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "i-stem",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brēþiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brēþīz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brēþi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brēþīz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brēþį",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brēþinz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brēþīz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brēþijǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brēþī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brēþimaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brēþī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brēþimiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "gem-decl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Germanic",
  "lang_code": "gem-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/brēþiz",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "brēþaz"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "West Proto-Germanic",
        "gem-pro:Gases"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "vapour; steam; breath"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "vapour",
          "vapour"
        ],
        [
          "steam",
          "steam"
        ],
        [
          "breath",
          "breath"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(West Germanic) vapour; steam; breath"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Germanic",
        "West",
        "masculine",
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "West Proto-Germanic"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "odour, smell"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "odour",
          "odour"
        ],
        [
          "smell",
          "smell"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(West Germanic) odour, smell"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Germanic",
        "West",
        "masculine",
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Brill Publishers"
  ],
  "word": "brēþiz"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-09-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-08-20 using wiktextract (8e41825 and f99c758). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.

"brēþiz" meaning in Proto-Germanic

Noun