brēþiz in All languages combined

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Etymology: Pointing to pre-Germanic *bʰrēt-, but of uncertain further origin. Most likely from the verb *brēaną (“to fume, smell, give off vapor”), attested only in Middle High German bræhen (“to smell”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰreh₁-, perhaps an extension of the root *bʰer- (“to seethe, toss about, cook”) . Alternatively, perhaps from *gʰwer- (“to smell, breathe”). Etymology templates: {{m|ine-pro||*bʰrēt-}} *bʰrēt-, {{unc|gem-pro|nocap=1}} uncertain, {{m|gem-pro|*brēaną||to fume, smell, give off vapor}} *brēaną (“to fume, smell, give off vapor”), {{cog|gmh|bræhen||to smell}} Middle High German bræhen (“to smell”), {{der|gem-pro|ine-pro|*bʰreh₁-}} Proto-Indo-European *bʰreh₁-, {{m|ine-pro|*bʰer-||to seethe, toss about, cook}} *bʰer- (“to seethe, toss about, cook”), {{m|ine-pro|*gʰwer-|t=to smell, breathe}} *gʰwer- (“to smell, breathe”) Inflection templates: {{gem-decl-noun}} Forms: no-table-tags [table-tags], brēþiz [nominative, singular], brēþīz [nominative, plural], brēþi [singular, vocative], brēþīz [plural, vocative], brēþį [accusative, singular], brēþinz [accusative, plural], brēþīz [genitive, singular], brēþijǫ̂ [genitive, plural], brēþī [dative, singular], brēþimaz [dative, plural], brēþī [instrumental, singular], brēþimiz [instrumental, plural]

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{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmw-pro",
            "2": "*brāþi"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *brāþi\nOld English: brǣþ\nMiddle English: breeth, breað, braþe, breth, breith\nEnglish: breath\nScots: breth, brethe, breith",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-West Germanic: *brāþi\nOld English: brǣþ\nMiddle English: breeth, breað, braþe, breth, breith\nEnglish: breath\nScots: breth, brethe, breith"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "",
        "3": "*bʰrēt-"
      },
      "expansion": "*bʰrēt-",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "nocap": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "uncertain",
      "name": "unc"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "*brēaną",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to fume, smell, give off vapor"
      },
      "expansion": "*brēaną (“to fume, smell, give off vapor”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmh",
        "2": "bræhen",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to smell"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle High German bræhen (“to smell”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*bʰreh₁-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰreh₁-",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*bʰer-",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to seethe, toss about, cook"
      },
      "expansion": "*bʰer- (“to seethe, toss about, cook”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*gʰwer-",
        "t": "to smell, breathe"
      },
      "expansion": "*gʰwer- (“to smell, breathe”)",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Pointing to pre-Germanic *bʰrēt-, but of uncertain further origin. Most likely from the verb *brēaną (“to fume, smell, give off vapor”), attested only in Middle High German bræhen (“to smell”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰreh₁-, perhaps an extension of the root *bʰer- (“to seethe, toss about, cook”) .\nAlternatively, perhaps from *gʰwer- (“to smell, breathe”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gem-decl-noun",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "i-stem",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brēþiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brēþīz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brēþi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brēþīz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brēþį",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brēþinz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brēþīz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brēþijǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brēþī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brēþimaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brēþī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brēþimiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "gem-decl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Germanic",
  "lang_code": "gem-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/brēþiz",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "brēþaz"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "West Proto-Germanic",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "vapour; steam; breath"
      ],
      "id": "en-brēþiz-gem-pro-noun-8YX4fMaB",
      "links": [
        [
          "vapour",
          "vapour"
        ],
        [
          "steam",
          "steam"
        ],
        [
          "breath",
          "breath"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(West Germanic) vapour; steam; breath"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Germanic",
        "West",
        "masculine",
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "West Proto-Germanic",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "33 67",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "odour, smell"
      ],
      "id": "en-brēþiz-gem-pro-noun-NUUhf2oP",
      "links": [
        [
          "odour",
          "odour"
        ],
        [
          "smell",
          "smell"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(West Germanic) odour, smell"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Germanic",
        "West",
        "masculine",
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Brill Publishers"
  ],
  "word": "brēþiz"
}

[Show JSON for raw wiktextract data ▼] [Hide JSON for raw wiktextract data ▲]

{
  "categories": [
    "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
    "Proto-Germanic i-stem nouns",
    "Proto-Germanic lemmas",
    "Proto-Germanic masculine nouns",
    "Proto-Germanic nouns",
    "Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Proto-Germanic terms with unknown etymologies"
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmw-pro",
            "2": "*brāþi"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *brāþi\nOld English: brǣþ\nMiddle English: breeth, breað, braþe, breth, breith\nEnglish: breath\nScots: breth, brethe, breith",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-West Germanic: *brāþi\nOld English: brǣþ\nMiddle English: breeth, breað, braþe, breth, breith\nEnglish: breath\nScots: breth, brethe, breith"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "",
        "3": "*bʰrēt-"
      },
      "expansion": "*bʰrēt-",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "nocap": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "uncertain",
      "name": "unc"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "*brēaną",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to fume, smell, give off vapor"
      },
      "expansion": "*brēaną (“to fume, smell, give off vapor”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmh",
        "2": "bræhen",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to smell"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle High German bræhen (“to smell”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*bʰreh₁-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰreh₁-",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*bʰer-",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to seethe, toss about, cook"
      },
      "expansion": "*bʰer- (“to seethe, toss about, cook”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*gʰwer-",
        "t": "to smell, breathe"
      },
      "expansion": "*gʰwer- (“to smell, breathe”)",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Pointing to pre-Germanic *bʰrēt-, but of uncertain further origin. Most likely from the verb *brēaną (“to fume, smell, give off vapor”), attested only in Middle High German bræhen (“to smell”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰreh₁-, perhaps an extension of the root *bʰer- (“to seethe, toss about, cook”) .\nAlternatively, perhaps from *gʰwer- (“to smell, breathe”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gem-decl-noun",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "i-stem",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brēþiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brēþīz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brēþi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brēþīz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brēþį",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brēþinz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brēþīz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brēþijǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brēþī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brēþimaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brēþī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brēþimiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "gem-decl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Germanic",
  "lang_code": "gem-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/brēþiz",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "brēþaz"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "West Proto-Germanic",
        "gem-pro:Gases"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "vapour; steam; breath"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "vapour",
          "vapour"
        ],
        [
          "steam",
          "steam"
        ],
        [
          "breath",
          "breath"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(West Germanic) vapour; steam; breath"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Germanic",
        "West",
        "masculine",
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "West Proto-Germanic"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "odour, smell"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "odour",
          "odour"
        ],
        [
          "smell",
          "smell"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(West Germanic) odour, smell"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Germanic",
        "West",
        "masculine",
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Brill Publishers"
  ],
  "word": "brēþiz"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

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"brēþiz" meaning in All languages combined

Noun [Proto-Germanic]