See -az in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*-os",
"pos": "adjectival ending"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-os (adjectival ending)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "-ος"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek -ος (-os)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*-os"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *-os",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "-ः"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit -ः (-ḥ)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*-ъ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *-ъ",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *-os (adjectival ending). Cognate with Ancient Greek -ος (-os), Proto-Italic *-os, Sanskrit -ः (-ḥ), Proto-Slavic *-ъ.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "z-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "-az",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-izō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-az",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-izō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-az",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-izō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-iziz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-izǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-izi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-izumaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-izē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-izumiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "suffix",
"g": "n"
},
"expansion": "*-az n",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"stem": "z"
},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/-az",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic_z-stem_nouns",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"suffix of nouns"
],
"id": "en--az-gem-pro-suffix-94XPbHyv",
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"neuter",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "-az"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-pro",
"2": "-ᚨᛉ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Norse: -ᚨᛉ (-aʀ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Norse: -ᚨᛉ (-aʀ)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "-r"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: -r",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: -r"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-pro",
"2": "-ᛃᚨᛉ",
"pos": "after class 1 verbs"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Norse: -ᛃᚨᛉ (-jaʀ, after class 1 verbs)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Norse: -ᛃᚨᛉ (-jaʀ, after class 1 verbs)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "-ir"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: -ir",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: -ir"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*-ós",
"pos": "agent suffix"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-ós (agent suffix)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *-ós (agent suffix).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "-az",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ą",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-anz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-as",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-is",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-amaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-amiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "suffix",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "*-az m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"stem": "a"
},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/-az",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"-er, agent suffix"
],
"id": "en--az-gem-pro-suffix-5uQvphHi",
"links": [
[
"er",
"er#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "-az"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*(ó)-os",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "noun ending",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(ó)-os (noun ending)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*(ó)-os",
"pos": "noun ending"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Indo-European *(ó)-os (noun ending)",
"name": "inh+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Indo-European *(ó)-os (noun ending).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "-az",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ą",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-anz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-as",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-is",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-amaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-amiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "suffix",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "*-az m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"stem": "a"
},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/-az",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "24 14 62",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 10 72",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 22 53",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 5 80",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic_a-stem_nouns",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Suffix for a-stem nouns."
],
"id": "en--az-gem-pro-suffix-xiJskb3t",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "-az"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Germanic a-stem nouns",
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-Germanic masculine suffixes",
"Proto-Germanic neuter suffixes",
"Proto-Germanic suffixes",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Germanic terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Germanic z-stem nouns",
"Proto-Germanic_a-stem_nouns",
"Proto-Germanic_z-stem_nouns"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*-os",
"pos": "adjectival ending"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-os (adjectival ending)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "-ος"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek -ος (-os)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*-os"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *-os",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "-ः"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit -ः (-ḥ)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*-ъ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *-ъ",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *-os (adjectival ending). Cognate with Ancient Greek -ος (-os), Proto-Italic *-os, Sanskrit -ः (-ḥ), Proto-Slavic *-ъ.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "z-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "-az",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-izō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-az",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-izō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-az",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-izō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-iziz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-izǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-izi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-izumaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-izē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-izumiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "suffix",
"g": "n"
},
"expansion": "*-az n",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"stem": "z"
},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/-az",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"suffix of nouns"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"neuter",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "-az"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Germanic a-stem nouns",
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-Germanic masculine suffixes",
"Proto-Germanic suffixes",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Germanic terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Germanic_a-stem_nouns"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-pro",
"2": "-ᚨᛉ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Norse: -ᚨᛉ (-aʀ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Norse: -ᚨᛉ (-aʀ)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "-r"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: -r",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: -r"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-pro",
"2": "-ᛃᚨᛉ",
"pos": "after class 1 verbs"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Norse: -ᛃᚨᛉ (-jaʀ, after class 1 verbs)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Norse: -ᛃᚨᛉ (-jaʀ, after class 1 verbs)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "-ir"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: -ir",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: -ir"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*-ós",
"pos": "agent suffix"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-ós (agent suffix)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *-ós (agent suffix).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "-az",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ą",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-anz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-as",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-is",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-amaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-amiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "suffix",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "*-az m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"stem": "a"
},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/-az",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"-er, agent suffix"
],
"links": [
[
"er",
"er#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "-az"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Germanic a-stem nouns",
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-Germanic masculine suffixes",
"Proto-Germanic suffixes",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Germanic terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Germanic_a-stem_nouns"
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*(ó)-os",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "noun ending",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(ó)-os (noun ending)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*(ó)-os",
"pos": "noun ending"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Indo-European *(ó)-os (noun ending)",
"name": "inh+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Indo-European *(ó)-os (noun ending).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "-az",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ą",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-anz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-as",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-is",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-amaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-amiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "suffix",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "*-az m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"stem": "a"
},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/-az",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Proto-Germanic a-stem nouns"
],
"glosses": [
"Suffix for a-stem nouns."
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "-az"
}
Download raw JSONL data for -az meaning in Proto-Germanic (8.7kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-01 using wiktextract (b941637 and 4230888). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.