See -ǭ in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*-ā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *-ā",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *-ā"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "",
"alt": "-e",
"id": "noun"
},
"expansion": "Old English: -e",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old English: -e"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "",
"alt": "-e"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: -e",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: -e"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "",
"alt": "-a"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: -a",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: -a"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "",
"alt": "-a"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: -a",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: -a"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "",
"alt": "-a"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: -a",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: -a"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "-a#Etymology_4_4"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: -a",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: -a"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "",
"alt": "-a",
"id": "noun"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic: -a",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Icelandic: -a"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-osw",
"2": "",
"alt": "-a",
"id": "noun"
},
"expansion": "Old Swedish: -a",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Swedish: -a"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "-a"
},
"expansion": "Swedish: -a",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Swedish: -a"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "",
"alt": "-𐍉",
"id": "noun"
},
"expansion": "Gothic: -𐍉 (-ō)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gothic: -𐍉 (-ō)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*-ō",
"4": "*-ō(n)"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-ō(n)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*-éh₂"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Partial merger of Proto-Indo-European *-ō(n) and Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂ (see also *-ō). The former originally conjugated as Proto-Indo-European amphikinetic n-stems, but because of the *ā > *ō sound change they came to coincide with the latter in the nominative singular, which lead to the suffix ablaut being lost. Why the feminine and masculine *-ō(n) sounded differently in Germanic though, despite having originally sounded the same, is an open question.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun-n-f",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ōn-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "-ǭ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ōniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ǭ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ōniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ōnų",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ōnunz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ōniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ōnǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ōni",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ōmaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ōnē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ōmiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"name": "gem-decl-noun-n-f"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/-ǭ",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"coordinate_terms": [
{
"english": "-er",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ô"
}
],
"glosses": [
"-ess. Forms agent nouns, often from the zero-grade form of the base."
],
"id": "en--ǭ-gem-pro-noun-gem_pro:agent_noun",
"links": [
[
"-ess",
"-ess"
]
],
"senseid": [
"gem-pro:agent noun"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "-ōn"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɔ̃ː/"
}
],
"word": "-ǭ"
}
{
"coordinate_terms": [
{
"english": "-er",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ô"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*-ā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *-ā",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *-ā"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "",
"alt": "-e",
"id": "noun"
},
"expansion": "Old English: -e",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old English: -e"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "",
"alt": "-e"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: -e",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: -e"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "",
"alt": "-a"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: -a",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: -a"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "",
"alt": "-a"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: -a",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: -a"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "",
"alt": "-a"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: -a",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: -a"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "-a#Etymology_4_4"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: -a",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: -a"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "",
"alt": "-a",
"id": "noun"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic: -a",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Icelandic: -a"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-osw",
"2": "",
"alt": "-a",
"id": "noun"
},
"expansion": "Old Swedish: -a",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Swedish: -a"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "-a"
},
"expansion": "Swedish: -a",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Swedish: -a"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "",
"alt": "-𐍉",
"id": "noun"
},
"expansion": "Gothic: -𐍉 (-ō)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gothic: -𐍉 (-ō)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*-ō",
"4": "*-ō(n)"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-ō(n)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*-éh₂"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Partial merger of Proto-Indo-European *-ō(n) and Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂ (see also *-ō). The former originally conjugated as Proto-Indo-European amphikinetic n-stems, but because of the *ā > *ō sound change they came to coincide with the latter in the nominative singular, which lead to the suffix ablaut being lost. Why the feminine and masculine *-ō(n) sounded differently in Germanic though, despite having originally sounded the same, is an open question.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun-n-f",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ōn-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "-ǭ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ōniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ǭ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ōniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ōnų",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ōnunz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ōniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ōnǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ōni",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ōmaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ōnē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ōmiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"name": "gem-decl-noun-n-f"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/-ǭ",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic feminine suffixes",
"Proto-Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-Germanic noun-forming suffixes",
"Proto-Germanic suffixes",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Germanic terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Germanic ōn-stem nouns"
],
"glosses": [
"-ess. Forms agent nouns, often from the zero-grade form of the base."
],
"links": [
[
"-ess",
"-ess"
]
],
"senseid": [
"gem-pro:agent noun"
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɔ̃ː/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "-ōn"
}
],
"word": "-ǭ"
}
Download raw JSONL data for -ǭ meaning in Proto-Germanic (4.5kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-28 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-11-21 using wiktextract (65a6e81 and 0dbea76). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.