"coisa" meaning in Portuguese

See coisa in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

IPA: /ˈkoj.zɐ/ [Brazil], [ˈkoɪ̯.zɐ] [Brazil], /ˈkoj.zɐ/ [Brazil], [ˈkoɪ̯.zɐ] [Brazil], /ˈkoj.za/ [Southern-Brazil], [ˈkoɪ̯.za] [Southern-Brazil], /ˈkoj.zɐ/ [Portugal] Forms: coisas [plural]
Rhymes: -ojzɐ Etymology: Alteration of cousa, from Old Galician-Portuguese cousa, from Latin causa (“cause, reason”), in Later and Vulgar Latin meaning "thing". Doublet of causa, a learned borrowing. Compare Galician cousa, Spanish, Italian, and Catalan cosa, and French chose. Etymology templates: {{m|pt|cousa}} cousa, {{inh|pt|roa-opt|cousa}} Old Galician-Portuguese cousa, {{inh|pt|la|causa|t=cause, reason}} Latin causa (“cause, reason”), {{doublet|pt|causa}} Doublet of causa, {{cog|gl|cousa}} Galician cousa, {{cog|es,it,ca|cosa}} Spanish, Italian, and Catalan cosa, {{cog|fr|chose}} French chose Head templates: {{pt-noun|f}} coisa f (plural coisas)
  1. thing (a physical object, entity or situation) Tags: feminine
    Sense id: en-coisa-pt-noun-pt:thing
  2. thingamajig; gizmo, thingy (something whose name is unknown) Tags: feminine Synonyms: troço [Brazil], treco [Brazil], negócio [Brazil], bagulho [Brazil], bagaça [Brazil], trem [Brazil], pira [Brazil], cena [Portugal], bang
    Sense id: en-coisa-pt-noun-pt:thingy
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: cousa [dated], coysa (english: obsolete spelling) Derived forms: coisa-feia, coisar, coisa-ruim, coisas do arco-da-velha, coisificar, coisinha [diminutive], coisona [augmentative], que coisa
Etymology number: 1

Verb

IPA: /ˈkoj.zɐ/ [Brazil], [ˈkoɪ̯.zɐ] [Brazil], /ˈkoj.zɐ/ [Brazil], [ˈkoɪ̯.zɐ] [Brazil], /ˈkoj.za/ [Southern-Brazil], [ˈkoɪ̯.za] [Southern-Brazil], /ˈkoj.zɐ/ [Portugal]
Rhymes: -ojzɐ Etymology: See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form. Etymology templates: {{nonlemma}} See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form. Head templates: {{head|pt|verb form}} coisa
  1. inflection of coisar: Tags: form-of, indicative, present, singular, third-person Form of: coisar
    Sense id: en-coisa-pt-verb-pLDr3ELy Categories (other): Portuguese entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Portuguese entries with incorrect language header: 1 20 53 25
  2. inflection of coisar: Tags: form-of, imperative, second-person, singular Form of: coisar
    Sense id: en-coisa-pt-verb-iCQz34QY
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: cousa [dated], coysa (english: obsolete spelling)
Etymology number: 2

Inflected forms

Alternative forms

Download JSON data for coisa meaning in Portuguese (5.9kB)

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "coisa-feia"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "coisar"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "coisa-ruim"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "coisas do arco-da-velha"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "coisificar"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "diminutive"
      ],
      "word": "coisinha"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "augmentative"
      ],
      "word": "coisona"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "que coisa"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "kea",
            "2": "kusa"
          },
          "expansion": "Kabuverdianu: kusa",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Kabuverdianu: kusa"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pov",
            "2": "kusa"
          },
          "expansion": "Guinea-Bissau Creole: kusa",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Guinea-Bissau Creole: kusa"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "mzs",
            "2": "cuza"
          },
          "expansion": "Macanese: cuza",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "mzs",
            "2": "ancusa"
          },
          "expansion": "ancusa",
          "name": "l"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Macanese: cuza, ancusa"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pap",
            "2": "kousa"
          },
          "expansion": "Papiamentu: kousa",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Papiamentu: kousa"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pt",
        "2": "cousa"
      },
      "expansion": "cousa",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pt",
        "2": "roa-opt",
        "3": "cousa"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Galician-Portuguese cousa",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pt",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "causa",
        "t": "cause, reason"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin causa (“cause, reason”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pt",
        "2": "causa"
      },
      "expansion": "Doublet of causa",
      "name": "doublet"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gl",
        "2": "cousa"
      },
      "expansion": "Galician cousa",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "es,it,ca",
        "2": "cosa"
      },
      "expansion": "Spanish, Italian, and Catalan cosa",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "chose"
      },
      "expansion": "French chose",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Alteration of cousa, from Old Galician-Portuguese cousa, from Latin causa (“cause, reason”), in Later and Vulgar Latin meaning \"thing\". Doublet of causa, a learned borrowing. Compare Galician cousa, Spanish, Italian, and Catalan cosa, and French chose.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "coisas",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "f"
      },
      "expansion": "coisa f (plural coisas)",
      "name": "pt-noun"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "coi‧sa"
  ],
  "lang": "Portuguese",
  "lang_code": "pt",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "A very strange thing happened last night.",
          "text": "Aconteceu uma coisa bastante estranha ontem à noite.",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "I bought some stuff with this month’s salary.",
          "text": "Comprei umas coisas com o salário desse mês.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "thing (a physical object, entity or situation)"
      ],
      "id": "en-coisa-pt-noun-pt:thing",
      "links": [
        [
          "thing",
          "thing"
        ]
      ],
      "senseid": [
        "pt:thing"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "Hand that thing over to me.",
          "text": "Dá-me aquela coisa.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "thingamajig; gizmo, thingy (something whose name is unknown)"
      ],
      "id": "en-coisa-pt-noun-pt:thingy",
      "links": [
        [
          "thingamajig",
          "thingamajig"
        ],
        [
          "gizmo",
          "gizmo"
        ],
        [
          "thingy",
          "thingy"
        ]
      ],
      "senseid": [
        "pt:thingy"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "tags": [
            "Brazil"
          ],
          "word": "troço"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Brazil"
          ],
          "word": "treco"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Brazil"
          ],
          "word": "negócio"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Brazil"
          ],
          "word": "bagulho"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Brazil"
          ],
          "word": "bagaça"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Brazil"
          ],
          "word": "trem"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Brazil"
          ],
          "word": "pira"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Portugal"
          ],
          "word": "cena"
        },
        {
          "word": "bang"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈkoj.zɐ/",
      "tags": [
        "Brazil"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈkoɪ̯.zɐ]",
      "tags": [
        "Brazil"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈkoj.zɐ/",
      "tags": [
        "Brazil"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈkoɪ̯.zɐ]",
      "tags": [
        "Brazil"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈkoj.za/",
      "tags": [
        "Southern-Brazil"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈkoɪ̯.za]",
      "tags": [
        "Southern-Brazil"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈkoj.zɐ/",
      "tags": [
        "Portugal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ojzɐ"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "dated"
      ],
      "word": "cousa"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "english": "obsolete spelling",
      "word": "coysa"
    }
  ],
  "word": "coisa"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
      "name": "nonlemma"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pt",
        "2": "verb form"
      },
      "expansion": "coisa",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "coi‧sa"
  ],
  "lang": "Portuguese",
  "lang_code": "pt",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "1 20 53 25",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Portuguese entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "form_of": [
        {
          "word": "coisar"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "inflection of coisar:\n## third-person singular present indicative\n## second-person singular imperative",
        "third-person singular present indicative"
      ],
      "id": "en-coisa-pt-verb-pLDr3ELy",
      "links": [
        [
          "coisar",
          "coisar#Portuguese"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "inflection of coisar:\n"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "form-of",
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form_of": [
        {
          "word": "coisar"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "inflection of coisar:\n## third-person singular present indicative\n## second-person singular imperative",
        "second-person singular imperative"
      ],
      "id": "en-coisa-pt-verb-iCQz34QY",
      "links": [
        [
          "coisar",
          "coisar#Portuguese"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "inflection of coisar:\n"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "form-of",
        "imperative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈkoj.zɐ/",
      "tags": [
        "Brazil"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈkoɪ̯.zɐ]",
      "tags": [
        "Brazil"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈkoj.zɐ/",
      "tags": [
        "Brazil"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈkoɪ̯.zɐ]",
      "tags": [
        "Brazil"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈkoj.za/",
      "tags": [
        "Southern-Brazil"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈkoɪ̯.za]",
      "tags": [
        "Southern-Brazil"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈkoj.zɐ/",
      "tags": [
        "Portugal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ojzɐ"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "dated"
      ],
      "word": "cousa"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "english": "obsolete spelling",
      "word": "coysa"
    }
  ],
  "word": "coisa"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Portuguese 2-syllable words",
    "Portuguese countable nouns",
    "Portuguese doublets",
    "Portuguese entries with incorrect language header",
    "Portuguese feminine nouns",
    "Portuguese lemmas",
    "Portuguese non-lemma forms",
    "Portuguese nouns",
    "Portuguese terms derived from Latin",
    "Portuguese terms derived from Old Galician-Portuguese",
    "Portuguese terms inherited from Latin",
    "Portuguese terms inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese",
    "Portuguese terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Portuguese verb forms",
    "Rhymes:Portuguese/ojzɐ",
    "Rhymes:Portuguese/ojzɐ/2 syllables"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "coisa-feia"
    },
    {
      "word": "coisar"
    },
    {
      "word": "coisa-ruim"
    },
    {
      "word": "coisas do arco-da-velha"
    },
    {
      "word": "coisificar"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "diminutive"
      ],
      "word": "coisinha"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "augmentative"
      ],
      "word": "coisona"
    },
    {
      "word": "que coisa"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "kea",
            "2": "kusa"
          },
          "expansion": "Kabuverdianu: kusa",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Kabuverdianu: kusa"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pov",
            "2": "kusa"
          },
          "expansion": "Guinea-Bissau Creole: kusa",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Guinea-Bissau Creole: kusa"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "mzs",
            "2": "cuza"
          },
          "expansion": "Macanese: cuza",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "mzs",
            "2": "ancusa"
          },
          "expansion": "ancusa",
          "name": "l"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Macanese: cuza, ancusa"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pap",
            "2": "kousa"
          },
          "expansion": "Papiamentu: kousa",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Papiamentu: kousa"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pt",
        "2": "cousa"
      },
      "expansion": "cousa",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pt",
        "2": "roa-opt",
        "3": "cousa"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Galician-Portuguese cousa",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pt",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "causa",
        "t": "cause, reason"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin causa (“cause, reason”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pt",
        "2": "causa"
      },
      "expansion": "Doublet of causa",
      "name": "doublet"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gl",
        "2": "cousa"
      },
      "expansion": "Galician cousa",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "es,it,ca",
        "2": "cosa"
      },
      "expansion": "Spanish, Italian, and Catalan cosa",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "chose"
      },
      "expansion": "French chose",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Alteration of cousa, from Old Galician-Portuguese cousa, from Latin causa (“cause, reason”), in Later and Vulgar Latin meaning \"thing\". Doublet of causa, a learned borrowing. Compare Galician cousa, Spanish, Italian, and Catalan cosa, and French chose.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "coisas",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "f"
      },
      "expansion": "coisa f (plural coisas)",
      "name": "pt-noun"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "coi‧sa"
  ],
  "lang": "Portuguese",
  "lang_code": "pt",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Portuguese terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "A very strange thing happened last night.",
          "text": "Aconteceu uma coisa bastante estranha ontem à noite.",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "I bought some stuff with this month’s salary.",
          "text": "Comprei umas coisas com o salário desse mês.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "thing (a physical object, entity or situation)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "thing",
          "thing"
        ]
      ],
      "senseid": [
        "pt:thing"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Portuguese terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "Hand that thing over to me.",
          "text": "Dá-me aquela coisa.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "thingamajig; gizmo, thingy (something whose name is unknown)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "thingamajig",
          "thingamajig"
        ],
        [
          "gizmo",
          "gizmo"
        ],
        [
          "thingy",
          "thingy"
        ]
      ],
      "senseid": [
        "pt:thingy"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "tags": [
            "Brazil"
          ],
          "word": "troço"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Brazil"
          ],
          "word": "treco"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Brazil"
          ],
          "word": "negócio"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Brazil"
          ],
          "word": "bagulho"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Brazil"
          ],
          "word": "bagaça"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Brazil"
          ],
          "word": "trem"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Brazil"
          ],
          "word": "pira"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Portugal"
          ],
          "word": "cena"
        },
        {
          "word": "bang"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈkoj.zɐ/",
      "tags": [
        "Brazil"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈkoɪ̯.zɐ]",
      "tags": [
        "Brazil"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈkoj.zɐ/",
      "tags": [
        "Brazil"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈkoɪ̯.zɐ]",
      "tags": [
        "Brazil"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈkoj.za/",
      "tags": [
        "Southern-Brazil"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈkoɪ̯.za]",
      "tags": [
        "Southern-Brazil"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈkoj.zɐ/",
      "tags": [
        "Portugal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ojzɐ"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "dated"
      ],
      "word": "cousa"
    },
    {
      "english": "obsolete spelling",
      "word": "coysa"
    }
  ],
  "word": "coisa"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Portuguese 2-syllable words",
    "Portuguese entries with incorrect language header",
    "Portuguese non-lemma forms",
    "Portuguese terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Portuguese verb forms",
    "Rhymes:Portuguese/ojzɐ",
    "Rhymes:Portuguese/ojzɐ/2 syllables"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
      "name": "nonlemma"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pt",
        "2": "verb form"
      },
      "expansion": "coisa",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "coi‧sa"
  ],
  "lang": "Portuguese",
  "lang_code": "pt",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "form_of": [
        {
          "word": "coisar"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "inflection of coisar:\n## third-person singular present indicative\n## second-person singular imperative",
        "third-person singular present indicative"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "coisar",
          "coisar#Portuguese"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "inflection of coisar:\n"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "form-of",
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form_of": [
        {
          "word": "coisar"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "inflection of coisar:\n## third-person singular present indicative\n## second-person singular imperative",
        "second-person singular imperative"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "coisar",
          "coisar#Portuguese"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "inflection of coisar:\n"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "form-of",
        "imperative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈkoj.zɐ/",
      "tags": [
        "Brazil"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈkoɪ̯.zɐ]",
      "tags": [
        "Brazil"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈkoj.zɐ/",
      "tags": [
        "Brazil"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈkoɪ̯.zɐ]",
      "tags": [
        "Brazil"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈkoj.za/",
      "tags": [
        "Southern-Brazil"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈkoɪ̯.za]",
      "tags": [
        "Southern-Brazil"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈkoj.zɐ/",
      "tags": [
        "Portugal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ojzɐ"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "dated"
      ],
      "word": "cousa"
    },
    {
      "english": "obsolete spelling",
      "word": "coysa"
    }
  ],
  "word": "coisa"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Portuguese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.