See sam in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "zlw-opl:sam<id:self>",
"id": "self",
"text": "+",
"tree": "+"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *sem-\nProto-Indo-European *somHós\nProto-Slavic *samъ\nOld Polish sam\nPolish sam\nInherited from Old Polish sam.",
"name": "etymon"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *sem-\nProto-Indo-European *somHós\nProto-Slavic *samъ\nOld Polish sam\nPolish sam\nInherited from Old Polish sam.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bardziej sam",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "najbardziej sam",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-",
"2": "peri",
"adv": "-"
},
"expansion": "sam (not generally comparable, comparative bardziej sam, superlative najbardziej sam, no derived adverb)",
"name": "pl-adj"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"sam"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"sam"
]
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "12 12 10 20 8 23 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"alone (oneself without company)"
],
"id": "en-sam-pl-adj-h-bvRwoQ",
"links": [
[
"alone",
"alone"
]
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable",
"usually"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "12 12 10 20 8 23 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"alone (oneself without help)"
],
"id": "en-sam-pl-adj-p9wrpV5B",
"links": [
[
"alone",
"alone"
]
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable",
"usually"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈsam/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈsam/",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈsam]",
"note": "Kuyavia"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈsam]",
"note": "Central Greater Poland"
},
{
"rhymes": "-am"
}
],
"word": "sam"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "zlw-opl:sam<id:self>",
"id": "self",
"text": "+",
"tree": "+"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *sem-\nProto-Indo-European *somHós\nProto-Slavic *samъ\nOld Polish sam\nPolish sam\nInherited from Old Polish sam.",
"name": "etymon"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *sem-\nProto-Indo-European *somHós\nProto-Slavic *samъ\nOld Polish sam\nPolish sam\nInherited from Old Polish sam.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bardziej sam",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "najbardziej sam",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-",
"2": "peri"
},
"expansion": "sam (not generally comparable, comparative bardziej sam, superlative najbardziej sam)",
"name": "pl-adv"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"sam"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"sam"
]
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "adv",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "12 12 10 20 8 23 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"alone, by oneself, without company"
],
"id": "en-sam-pl-adv-s2QzQ5qU",
"links": [
[
"alone",
"alone"
],
[
"by oneself",
"by oneself"
],
[
"company",
"company"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "osobno"
},
{
"word": "samodzielnie"
}
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable",
"usually"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Central Greater Poland Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Kuyavian Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "9 1 14 7 1 1 1 19 10 16 8 3 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 12 10 20 8 23 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 5 4 46 27 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymology texts",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 4 3 38 15 22 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 5 4 48 19 7 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 5 4 36 22 13 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with manual fragments",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 5 4 38 22 14 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 5 4 51 15 9 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 5 4 63 11 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish particles",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"here (at this place)"
],
"id": "en-sam-pl-adv-ChdHsdVO",
"links": [
[
"here",
"here"
]
],
"qualifier": "Central Greater Poland",
"raw_glosses": [
"(Middle Polish or dialectal, Central Greater Poland, Kuyavia) here (at this place)"
],
"related": [
{
"tags": [
"alternative"
],
"word": "sa"
},
{
"tags": [
"alternative"
],
"word": "samoj"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "tu"
},
{
"word": "tutaj"
}
],
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish",
"dialectal",
"not-comparable",
"usually"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈsam/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈsam/",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈsam]",
"note": "Kuyavia"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈsam]",
"note": "Central Greater Poland"
},
{
"rhymes": "-am"
}
],
"word": "sam"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "sam przez się"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "sam w sobie"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "sam z siebie"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "taki sam"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "ten sam"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "tenże sam"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"adverb"
],
"word": "sam na sam"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"adverb"
],
"word": "tak samo"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "nie sama"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 38",
"sense": "particles",
"word": "tym samym"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "zlw-opl:sam<id:self>",
"id": "self",
"text": "+",
"tree": "+"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *sem-\nProto-Indo-European *somHós\nProto-Slavic *samъ\nOld Polish sam\nPolish sam\nInherited from Old Polish sam.",
"name": "etymon"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *sem-\nProto-Indo-European *somHós\nProto-Slavic *samъ\nOld Polish sam\nPolish sam\nInherited from Old Polish sam.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "irregular",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-adecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "sam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sama",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "samo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "same",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "samego",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "samej",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "samego",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "samych",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "samych",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "samemu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "samej",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "samemu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "samym",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "samym",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "samego",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"animate",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"inanimate",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "samą",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "samo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "samych",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "same",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "samym",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "samą",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "samym",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "samymi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "samymi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "samym",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "samej",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "samym",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "samych",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "samych",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "samuj",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "particle"
},
"expansion": "sam",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"sam"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"sam"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "<irreg>"
},
"name": "pl-adecl"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "particle",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "samotniczy"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "samotny"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"adverb"
],
"word": "samotniczo"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"adverb"
],
"word": "samotnie"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "samota"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "samotnica"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "samotnictwo"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "samotniczka"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "samotnik"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "samotność"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "osamotniać"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"perfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "osamotnić"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "9 1 14 7 1 1 1 19 10 16 8 3 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 12 10 20 8 23 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
98,
102
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
102,
109
]
],
"english": "Preparing the intrigue against the boss, Ms. Magdalena told her daughter to dress modestly, while she herself put on a dress with a deep neckline.",
"text": "Przygotowując intrygę przeciwko szefowi, pani Magdalena kazała swojej córce ubrać się skromnie, a sama założyła sukienkę z głębokim dekoltem.",
"translation": "Preparing the intrigue against the boss, Ms. Magdalena told her daughter to dress modestly, while she herself put on a dress with a deep neckline.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
11,
17
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
15,
19
]
],
"english": "He went to the very end.",
"text": "Poszedł do samego końca.",
"translation": "He went to the very end.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"emphatic determiner, used similarly to \"no other than\" or \"the very\", as in \"I myself\"; oneself"
],
"id": "en-sam-pl-particle-6U-wpGNL",
"links": [
[
"oneself",
"oneself"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "12 12 10 20 8 23 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"by oneself, alone (by one's own volition or power, without outside help or encouragement)"
],
"id": "en-sam-pl-particle-PUvfH4ud",
"links": [
[
"oneself",
"oneself"
],
[
"alone",
"alone"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈsam/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈsam/",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈsam]",
"note": "Kuyavia"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈsam]",
"note": "Central Greater Poland"
},
{
"rhymes": "-am"
}
],
"word": "sam"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": ":clip",
"3": "sklep",
"4": "samoobsługowy",
"id": "shop",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Slavic *klepati\nProto-Slavic *sъklepъ\nOld Polish sklep\nPolish sklepclip.\nProto-Indo-European *sem-\nProto-Indo-European *somHós\nProto-Slavic *samъ\nOld Polish sam\nPolish sam\nProto-Slavic *-o-\nOld Polish -o-\nPolish -o-\nPolish samo-\nProto-Indo-European *h₃ebʰi\nProto-Balto-Slavic *ab\nProto-Slavic *o(b)\nProto-Slavic *o(b)-\nOld Polish ob-\nPolish ob-\nProto-Indo-European *slew-der.\nProto-Balto-Slavic *sláugasder.?\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Balto-Slavic *-āˀ\nProto-Slavic *-a?\nProto-Indo-European *ḱlew-\nProto-Slavic *sluti?\nProto-Indo-European *gʰeder.\nProto-Slavic *-ga?\nProto-Slavic *slūgà\nProto-Indo-European *-yeti\nProto-Indo-European *-éyeti\nProto-Balto-Slavic *-éiˀtei\nProto-Slavic *-iti\nProto-Slavic *služìti\nOld Polish służyć\nPolish służyć\nPolish obsłużyć\nProto-Slavic *-vati\nPolish -wać\nProto-Slavic *-ovati\nOld Polish -ować\nPolish -ować\nPolish -ywać\nPolish -iwać\nPolish obsługiwaćdeverb.\nPolish obsługa\nPolish samoobsługa\nProto-Indo-European *-usder.\nProto-Indo-European *-osder.\nProto-Slavic *-ovъ\nOld Polish -owy\nPolish -owy\nPolish samoobsługowyclip.\nPolish sam",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "sklep samoobsługowy"
},
"expansion": "Clipping of sklep samoobsługowy",
"name": "clipping"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Slavic *klepati\nProto-Slavic *sъklepъ\nOld Polish sklep\nPolish sklepclip.\nProto-Indo-European *sem-\nProto-Indo-European *somHós\nProto-Slavic *samъ\nOld Polish sam\nPolish sam\nProto-Slavic *-o-\nOld Polish -o-\nPolish -o-\nPolish samo-\nProto-Indo-European *h₃ebʰi\nProto-Balto-Slavic *ab\nProto-Slavic *o(b)\nProto-Slavic *o(b)-\nOld Polish ob-\nPolish ob-\nProto-Indo-European *slew-der.\nProto-Balto-Slavic *sláugasder.?\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Balto-Slavic *-āˀ\nProto-Slavic *-a?\nProto-Indo-European *ḱlew-\nProto-Slavic *sluti?\nProto-Indo-European *gʰeder.\nProto-Slavic *-ga?\nProto-Slavic *slūgà\nProto-Indo-European *-yeti\nProto-Indo-European *-éyeti\nProto-Balto-Slavic *-éiˀtei\nProto-Slavic *-iti\nProto-Slavic *služìti\nOld Polish służyć\nPolish służyć\nPolish obsłużyć\nProto-Slavic *-vati\nPolish -wać\nProto-Slavic *-ovati\nOld Polish -ować\nPolish -ować\nPolish -ywać\nPolish -iwać\nPolish obsługiwaćdeverb.\nPolish obsługa\nPolish samoobsługa\nProto-Indo-European *-usder.\nProto-Indo-European *-osder.\nProto-Slavic *-ovъ\nOld Polish -owy\nPolish -owy\nPolish samoobsługowyclip.\nPolish sam\nClipping of sklep samoobsługowy.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-m-in",
"source": "declension",
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"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "sam",
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"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "samy",
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"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "samu",
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"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "samów",
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"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "samowi",
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"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "samom",
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"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "sam",
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"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "samy",
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"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "samem",
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"instrumental",
"singular"
]
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{
"form": "samami",
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"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "samie",
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"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "samach",
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"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "samie",
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"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "samy",
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"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "SAM",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
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{
"args": {
"1": "m-in"
},
"expansion": "sam m inan",
"name": "pl-noun"
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],
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"sam"
],
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{
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"sam"
]
}
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"args": {},
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}
],
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"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
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{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 0 0 5 70 11 13",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Shops",
"orig": "pl:Shops",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
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"self-service shop"
],
"id": "en-sam-pl-noun-yhs-NO4S",
"links": [
[
"self-service",
"self-service"
],
[
"shop",
"shop"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(colloquial) self-service shop"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "sklep samoobsługowy"
}
],
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈsam/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈsam/",
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"Polish"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈsam]",
"note": "Kuyavia"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈsam]",
"note": "Central Greater Poland"
},
{
"rhymes": "-am"
}
],
"word": "sam"
}
{
"categories": [
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"Polish masculine nouns",
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"Polish particles",
"Polish terms derived from Old Polish",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Polish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *sem-",
"Polish terms inherited from Old Polish",
"Polish terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Polish terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with audio pronunciation",
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"Rhymes:Polish/am/1 syllable",
"pl:Shops"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
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{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "zlw-opl:sam<id:self>",
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"text": "+",
"tree": "+"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *sem-\nProto-Indo-European *somHós\nProto-Slavic *samъ\nOld Polish sam\nPolish sam\nInherited from Old Polish sam.",
"name": "etymon"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *sem-\nProto-Indo-European *somHós\nProto-Slavic *samъ\nOld Polish sam\nPolish sam\nInherited from Old Polish sam.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bardziej sam",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "najbardziej sam",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
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{
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"adv": "-"
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"name": "pl-adj"
}
],
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"sam"
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]
}
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"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "adj",
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{
"glosses": [
"alone (oneself without company)"
],
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[
"alone",
"alone"
]
],
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"not-comparable",
"usually"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"alone (oneself without help)"
],
"links": [
[
"alone",
"alone"
]
],
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"not-comparable",
"usually"
]
}
],
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"ipa": "/ˈsam/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈsam/",
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]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈsam]",
"note": "Kuyavia"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈsam]",
"note": "Central Greater Poland"
},
{
"rhymes": "-am"
}
],
"word": "sam"
}
{
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"Polish location adverbs",
"Polish manner adverbs",
"Polish masculine nouns",
"Polish nouns",
"Polish particles",
"Polish terms derived from Old Polish",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Polish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *sem-",
"Polish terms inherited from Old Polish",
"Polish terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Polish terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with audio pronunciation",
"Rhymes:Polish/am",
"Rhymes:Polish/am/1 syllable",
"pl:Shops"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
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"2": ":inh",
"3": "zlw-opl:sam<id:self>",
"id": "self",
"text": "+",
"tree": "+"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *sem-\nProto-Indo-European *somHós\nProto-Slavic *samъ\nOld Polish sam\nPolish sam\nInherited from Old Polish sam.",
"name": "etymon"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *sem-\nProto-Indo-European *somHós\nProto-Slavic *samъ\nOld Polish sam\nPolish sam\nInherited from Old Polish sam.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bardziej sam",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "najbardziej sam",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
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"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-",
"2": "peri"
},
"expansion": "sam (not generally comparable, comparative bardziej sam, superlative najbardziej sam)",
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}
],
"hyphenation": [
"sam"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"sam"
]
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "adv",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"alone, by oneself, without company"
],
"links": [
[
"alone",
"alone"
],
[
"by oneself",
"by oneself"
],
[
"company",
"company"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "osobno"
},
{
"word": "samodzielnie"
}
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable",
"usually"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Central Greater Poland Polish",
"Kuyavian Polish",
"Middle Polish",
"Polish dialectal terms"
],
"glosses": [
"here (at this place)"
],
"links": [
[
"here",
"here"
]
],
"qualifier": "Central Greater Poland",
"raw_glosses": [
"(Middle Polish or dialectal, Central Greater Poland, Kuyavia) here (at this place)"
],
"related": [
{
"tags": [
"alternative"
],
"word": "sa"
},
{
"tags": [
"alternative"
],
"word": "samoj"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "tu"
},
{
"word": "tutaj"
}
],
"tags": [
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"Polish",
"dialectal",
"not-comparable",
"usually"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈsam/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈsam/",
"tags": [
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"Polish"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈsam]",
"note": "Kuyavia"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈsam]",
"note": "Central Greater Poland"
},
{
"rhymes": "-am"
}
],
"word": "sam"
}
{
"categories": [
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"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Polish 1-syllable words",
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"Polish entries with etymology trees",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
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"Polish irregular adjectives",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish links with manual fragments",
"Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"Polish location adverbs",
"Polish manner adverbs",
"Polish masculine nouns",
"Polish nouns",
"Polish particles",
"Polish terms derived from Old Polish",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Polish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *sem-",
"Polish terms inherited from Old Polish",
"Polish terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Polish terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with audio pronunciation",
"Rhymes:Polish/am",
"Rhymes:Polish/am/1 syllable",
"pl:Shops"
],
"derived": [
{
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "sam przez się"
},
{
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "sam w sobie"
},
{
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "sam z siebie"
},
{
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "taki sam"
},
{
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "ten sam"
},
{
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "tenże sam"
},
{
"tags": [
"adverb"
],
"word": "sam na sam"
},
{
"tags": [
"adverb"
],
"word": "tak samo"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "nie sama"
},
{
"sense": "particles",
"word": "tym samym"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
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{
"args": {
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"2": ":inh",
"3": "zlw-opl:sam<id:self>",
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"text": "+",
"tree": "+"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *sem-\nProto-Indo-European *somHós\nProto-Slavic *samъ\nOld Polish sam\nPolish sam\nInherited from Old Polish sam.",
"name": "etymon"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *sem-\nProto-Indo-European *somHós\nProto-Slavic *samъ\nOld Polish sam\nPolish sam\nInherited from Old Polish sam.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "irregular",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-adecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "sam",
"source": "declension",
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"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sama",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
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"feminine",
"singular"
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},
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},
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"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "same",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "samego",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "samej",
"source": "declension",
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"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "samego",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "samych",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "samych",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "samemu",
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"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "samej",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "samemu",
"source": "declension",
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"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "samym",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "samym",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "samego",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"animate",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"inanimate",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "samą",
"source": "declension",
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"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "samo",
"source": "declension",
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"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "samych",
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]
},
{
"form": "same",
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"tags": [
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"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "samym",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
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"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "samą",
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"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "samym",
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"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "samymi",
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"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "samymi",
"source": "declension",
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"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "samym",
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"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "samej",
"source": "declension",
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"feminine",
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "samym",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "samych",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "samych",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "samuj",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
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{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "particle"
},
"expansion": "sam",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"sam"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"sam"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "<irreg>"
},
"name": "pl-adecl"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "particle",
"related": [
{
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "samotniczy"
},
{
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "samotny"
},
{
"tags": [
"adverb"
],
"word": "samotniczo"
},
{
"tags": [
"adverb"
],
"word": "samotnie"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "samota"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "samotnica"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "samotnictwo"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "samotniczka"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "samotnik"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "samotność"
},
{
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "osamotniać"
},
{
"tags": [
"perfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "osamotnić"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Polish terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
98,
102
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
102,
109
]
],
"english": "Preparing the intrigue against the boss, Ms. Magdalena told her daughter to dress modestly, while she herself put on a dress with a deep neckline.",
"text": "Przygotowując intrygę przeciwko szefowi, pani Magdalena kazała swojej córce ubrać się skromnie, a sama założyła sukienkę z głębokim dekoltem.",
"translation": "Preparing the intrigue against the boss, Ms. Magdalena told her daughter to dress modestly, while she herself put on a dress with a deep neckline.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
11,
17
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
15,
19
]
],
"english": "He went to the very end.",
"text": "Poszedł do samego końca.",
"translation": "He went to the very end.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"emphatic determiner, used similarly to \"no other than\" or \"the very\", as in \"I myself\"; oneself"
],
"links": [
[
"oneself",
"oneself"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"by oneself, alone (by one's own volition or power, without outside help or encouragement)"
],
"links": [
[
"oneself",
"oneself"
],
[
"alone",
"alone"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈsam/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈsam/",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈsam]",
"note": "Kuyavia"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈsam]",
"note": "Central Greater Poland"
},
{
"rhymes": "-am"
}
],
"word": "sam"
}
{
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"Pages with 28 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Polish 1-syllable words",
"Polish clippings",
"Polish entries with etymology trees",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish inanimate nouns",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish links with manual fragments",
"Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"Polish location adverbs",
"Polish manner adverbs",
"Polish masculine nouns",
"Polish nouns",
"Polish terms derived from Old Polish",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with audio pronunciation",
"Rhymes:Polish/am",
"Rhymes:Polish/am/1 syllable",
"pl:Shops"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": ":clip",
"3": "sklep",
"4": "samoobsługowy",
"id": "shop",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Slavic *klepati\nProto-Slavic *sъklepъ\nOld Polish sklep\nPolish sklepclip.\nProto-Indo-European *sem-\nProto-Indo-European *somHós\nProto-Slavic *samъ\nOld Polish sam\nPolish sam\nProto-Slavic *-o-\nOld Polish -o-\nPolish -o-\nPolish samo-\nProto-Indo-European *h₃ebʰi\nProto-Balto-Slavic *ab\nProto-Slavic *o(b)\nProto-Slavic *o(b)-\nOld Polish ob-\nPolish ob-\nProto-Indo-European *slew-der.\nProto-Balto-Slavic *sláugasder.?\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Balto-Slavic *-āˀ\nProto-Slavic *-a?\nProto-Indo-European *ḱlew-\nProto-Slavic *sluti?\nProto-Indo-European *gʰeder.\nProto-Slavic *-ga?\nProto-Slavic *slūgà\nProto-Indo-European *-yeti\nProto-Indo-European *-éyeti\nProto-Balto-Slavic *-éiˀtei\nProto-Slavic *-iti\nProto-Slavic *služìti\nOld Polish służyć\nPolish służyć\nPolish obsłużyć\nProto-Slavic *-vati\nPolish -wać\nProto-Slavic *-ovati\nOld Polish -ować\nPolish -ować\nPolish -ywać\nPolish -iwać\nPolish obsługiwaćdeverb.\nPolish obsługa\nPolish samoobsługa\nProto-Indo-European *-usder.\nProto-Indo-European *-osder.\nProto-Slavic *-ovъ\nOld Polish -owy\nPolish -owy\nPolish samoobsługowyclip.\nPolish sam",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "sklep samoobsługowy"
},
"expansion": "Clipping of sklep samoobsługowy",
"name": "clipping"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Slavic *klepati\nProto-Slavic *sъklepъ\nOld Polish sklep\nPolish sklepclip.\nProto-Indo-European *sem-\nProto-Indo-European *somHós\nProto-Slavic *samъ\nOld Polish sam\nPolish sam\nProto-Slavic *-o-\nOld Polish -o-\nPolish -o-\nPolish samo-\nProto-Indo-European *h₃ebʰi\nProto-Balto-Slavic *ab\nProto-Slavic *o(b)\nProto-Slavic *o(b)-\nOld Polish ob-\nPolish ob-\nProto-Indo-European *slew-der.\nProto-Balto-Slavic *sláugasder.?\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Balto-Slavic *-āˀ\nProto-Slavic *-a?\nProto-Indo-European *ḱlew-\nProto-Slavic *sluti?\nProto-Indo-European *gʰeder.\nProto-Slavic *-ga?\nProto-Slavic *slūgà\nProto-Indo-European *-yeti\nProto-Indo-European *-éyeti\nProto-Balto-Slavic *-éiˀtei\nProto-Slavic *-iti\nProto-Slavic *služìti\nOld Polish służyć\nPolish służyć\nPolish obsłużyć\nProto-Slavic *-vati\nPolish -wać\nProto-Slavic *-ovati\nOld Polish -ować\nPolish -ować\nPolish -ywać\nPolish -iwać\nPolish obsługiwaćdeverb.\nPolish obsługa\nPolish samoobsługa\nProto-Indo-European *-usder.\nProto-Indo-European *-osder.\nProto-Slavic *-ovъ\nOld Polish -owy\nPolish -owy\nPolish samoobsługowyclip.\nPolish sam\nClipping of sklep samoobsługowy.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-m-in",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "sam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "samy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "samu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "samów",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "samowi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "samom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "sam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "samy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "samem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "samami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "samie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "samach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "samie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "samy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "SAM",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-in"
},
"expansion": "sam m inan",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"sam"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"sam"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-m-in"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Polish colloquialisms"
],
"glosses": [
"self-service shop"
],
"links": [
[
"self-service",
"self-service"
],
[
"shop",
"shop"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(colloquial) self-service shop"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "sklep samoobsługowy"
}
],
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈsam/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈsam/",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈsam]",
"note": "Kuyavia"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈsam]",
"note": "Central Greater Poland"
},
{
"rhymes": "-am"
}
],
"word": "sam"
}
Download raw JSONL data for sam meaning in Polish (18.2kB)
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1698",
"msg": "unrecognized head form: no derived adverb",
"path": [
"sam"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "sam",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: Middle Polish or dialectal, Central Greater Poland, Kuyavia",
"path": [
"sam"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "adverb",
"title": "sam",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: Middle Polish or dialectal, Central Greater Poland, Kuyavia",
"path": [
"sam"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "adverb",
"title": "sam",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'non-virile'",
"path": [
"sam"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "particle",
"title": "sam",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'nominative/vocative'",
"path": [
"sam"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "particle",
"title": "sam",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Polish dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-02-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-01-01 using wiktextract (f492ef9 and 9905b1f). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.