See obrona in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "obronny"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "obrona cywilna"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "obrona Częstochowy"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "obrona konieczna"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "obrona sycylijska"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "stanąć w obronie"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "stawać w obronie"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"inh": "1"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "obrona",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old Polish obrona",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "obrona"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old Polish obrona",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "+deverbal",
"2": "pl",
"3": "obronić"
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, deverbal from obronić",
"name": "surf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old Polish obrona. By surface analysis, deverbal from obronić.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-f",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "obrona",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "obrony",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "obrony",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "obron",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "obronie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "obronom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "obronę",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "obrony",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "obroną",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "obronami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "obronie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "obronach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "obrono",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "obrony",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "obrona f",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"o‧bro‧na"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-f"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"defence (act of defending)",
"defence (person defending)"
],
"id": "en-obrona-pl-noun-37mjA263",
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": ":przed(ins)<against/from what>"
},
"expansion": "[with przed (+ instrumental) ‘against/from what’]",
"extra_data": {
"words": [
"przed",
"(+",
"instrumental)",
"‘against/from",
"what’"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"defence",
"defence"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"defence (act of defending) [with przed (+ instrumental) ‘against/from what’]",
"(figuratively) defence (person defending)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "obrońca"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"figuratively"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"defence (act of defending)",
"defence (that which protects or defends)"
],
"id": "en-obrona-pl-noun-~84FupkW",
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": ":przed(ins)<against/from what>"
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"expansion": "[with przed (+ instrumental) ‘against/from what’]",
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"instrumental)",
"‘against/from",
"what’"
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},
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],
"links": [
[
"defence",
"defence"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"defence (act of defending) [with przed (+ instrumental) ‘against/from what’]",
"(figuratively) defence (that which protects or defends)"
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"figuratively"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"defence (act of defending)",
"care; protection"
],
"id": "en-obrona-pl-noun-nnEkvAGA",
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
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"(+",
"instrumental)",
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},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"defence",
"defence"
],
[
"care",
"care"
],
[
"protection",
"protection"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"defence (act of defending) [with przed (+ instrumental) ‘against/from what’]",
"(obsolete) care; protection"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "opieka"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
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"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 5 5 11 5 2 2 10 10 4 4 5 4 6 5 2 3 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish deverbals",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 5 5 9 5 1 1 10 10 5 5 6 5 7 4 1 5 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"defence (act of defending)",
"prevention; medicine (medicine intended to defend the body)"
],
"id": "en-obrona-pl-noun-sE~ZoE-y",
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": ":przed(ins)<against/from what>"
},
"expansion": "[with przed (+ instrumental) ‘against/from what’]",
"extra_data": {
"words": [
"przed",
"(+",
"instrumental)",
"‘against/from",
"what’"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"defence",
"defence"
],
[
"prevention",
"prevention"
],
[
"medicine",
"medicine"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"defence (act of defending) [with przed (+ instrumental) ‘against/from what’]",
"(Middle Polish) prevention; medicine (medicine intended to defend the body)"
],
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"defence (actions preventing to harm someone or something)"
],
"id": "en-obrona-pl-noun-ngkX25Is",
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": ":przed(ins)<against/from what>"
},
"expansion": "[with przed (+ instrumental) ‘against/from what’]",
"extra_data": {
"words": [
"przed",
"(+",
"instrumental)",
"‘against/from",
"what’"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"defence",
"defence"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"defence (actions preventing to harm someone or something) [with przed (+ instrumental) ‘against/from what’]"
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"defence (argument in support or justification of something against criticism)"
],
"id": "en-obrona-pl-noun-OI7pY1mz",
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
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},
"expansion": "[with przed (+ instrumental) ‘against/from what’]",
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"(+",
"instrumental)",
"‘against/from",
"what’"
]
},
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}
],
"links": [
[
"defence",
"defence"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"defence (argument in support or justification of something against criticism) [with przed (+ instrumental) ‘against/from what’]"
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"defence (argument in support or justification of something against criticism)",
"excuse"
],
"id": "en-obrona-pl-noun-wq8bsoxE",
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
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},
"expansion": "[with przed (+ instrumental) ‘against/from what’]",
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"(+",
"instrumental)",
"‘against/from",
"what’"
]
},
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}
],
"links": [
[
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"defence"
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[
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"excuse"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"defence (argument in support or justification of something against criticism) [with przed (+ instrumental) ‘against/from what’]",
"(obsolete) excuse"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "wymówka"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Law",
"orig": "pl:Law",
"parents": [
"Justice",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "5 7 7 7 2 2 2 1 4 4 4 6 4 1 2 7 7 3 3 3 3 4 3 1 3 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
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"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 5 5 11 5 2 2 10 10 4 4 5 4 6 5 2 3 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish deverbals",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 5 5 9 5 1 1 10 10 5 5 6 5 7 4 1 5 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"defence (presenting of redeeming evidence or arguments in court)"
],
"id": "en-obrona-pl-noun-XGprW1dQ",
"links": [
[
"law",
"law#English"
],
[
"defence",
"defence"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(law) defence (presenting of redeeming evidence or arguments in court)"
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"topics": [
"law"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Law",
"orig": "pl:Law",
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"Fundamental"
],
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},
{
"_dis": "5 7 7 7 2 2 2 1 4 4 4 6 4 1 2 7 7 3 3 3 3 4 3 1 3 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 5 5 5 1 1 1 1 5 4 4 7 4 1 1 8 8 3 4 4 4 4 3 1 4 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 5 5 11 5 2 2 10 10 4 4 5 4 6 5 2 3 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish deverbals",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 5 5 9 5 1 1 10 10 5 5 6 5 7 4 1 5 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
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"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 4 4 10 4 1 2 8 13 5 5 5 4 8 4 2 6 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with manual fragments",
"parents": [
"Links with manual fragments",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 4 4 11 4 1 2 10 15 5 5 5 4 6 4 1 4 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 4 4 11 4 1 2 10 15 4 4 5 4 6 4 1 4 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"defence (presenting of redeeming evidence or arguments in court)",
"defence (person presenting such evidence)"
],
"id": "en-obrona-pl-noun-Jiu5VUNc",
"links": [
[
"law",
"law#English"
],
[
"defence",
"defence"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(law) defence (presenting of redeeming evidence or arguments in court)",
"defence (person presenting such evidence)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "adwokat"
},
{
"word": "mecenas"
},
{
"word": "obrońca"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"topics": [
"law"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Sports",
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"Human behaviour",
"Human",
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"Fundamental"
],
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}
],
"glosses": [
"defence (strategy and tactics employed to prevent the other team from scoring)"
],
"id": "en-obrona-pl-noun-pgeMN0zp",
"links": [
[
"sports",
"sports"
],
[
"defence",
"defence"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(sports) defence (strategy and tactics employed to prevent the other team from scoring)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "defensywa"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"topics": [
"hobbies",
"lifestyle",
"sports"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Sports",
"orig": "pl:Sports",
"parents": [
"Human activity",
"Human behaviour",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"defence (strategy and tactics employed to prevent the other team from scoring)",
"defence (portion of a team dedicated to preventing the other team from scoring)"
],
"id": "en-obrona-pl-noun-8XCBGvMf",
"links": [
[
"sports",
"sports"
],
[
"defence",
"defence"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(sports) defence (strategy and tactics employed to prevent the other team from scoring)",
"defence (portion of a team dedicated to preventing the other team from scoring)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "defensywa"
},
{
"word": "defensywa"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"topics": [
"hobbies",
"lifestyle",
"sports"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Sports",
"orig": "pl:Sports",
"parents": [
"Human activity",
"Human behaviour",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"defence (repeating an achieved success in sports competitions)"
],
"id": "en-obrona-pl-noun-8iRJmM7z",
"links": [
[
"sports",
"sports"
],
[
"defence",
"defence"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(sports) defence (repeating an achieved success in sports competitions)"
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"topics": [
"hobbies",
"lifestyle",
"sports"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Education",
"orig": "pl:Education",
"parents": [
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"defence (exam related to a work entitling one to obtain a specific title)"
],
"id": "en-obrona-pl-noun-EnC4O4nJ",
"links": [
[
"education",
"education"
],
[
"defence",
"defence"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(education) defence (exam related to a work entitling one to obtain a specific title)"
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"topics": [
"education"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Boxing",
"orig": "pl:Boxing",
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"Human activity",
"Human behaviour",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Fencing",
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"Sports",
"Human activity",
"Human behaviour",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"defence (tactics used to avoid being hit)"
],
"id": "en-obrona-pl-noun-s-9fuAJK",
"links": [
[
"boxing",
"boxing#Noun"
],
[
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"fencing#Noun"
],
[
"defence",
"defence"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(boxing, fencing) defence (tactics used to avoid being hit)"
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"topics": [
"boxing",
"fencing",
"government",
"hobbies",
"lifestyle",
"martial-arts",
"military",
"politics",
"sports",
"war"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Chess",
"orig": "pl:Chess",
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"Board games",
"Tabletop games",
"Games",
"Recreation",
"Human activity",
"Human behaviour",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
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}
],
"glosses": [
"defence (tactics used to avoid losing pieces)"
],
"id": "en-obrona-pl-noun-fmooqALl",
"links": [
[
"chess",
"chess"
],
[
"defence",
"defence"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(chess) defence (tactics used to avoid losing pieces)"
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"topics": [
"board-games",
"chess",
"games"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"defence (part of the military intended for defence)"
],
"id": "en-obrona-pl-noun-QewdXMH~",
"links": [
[
"defence",
"defence"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(mlitary) defence (part of the military intended for defence)"
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"defensive building (any building intended for defence)"
],
"id": "en-obrona-pl-noun-noH-rhm4",
"links": [
[
"defensive",
"defensive"
],
[
"building",
"building"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) defensive building (any building intended for defence)"
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle Polish",
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"source": "w"
},
{
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"source": "w"
},
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"name": "Polish terms with uncertain meaning",
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"Terms by usage"
],
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},
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"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 5 5 11 5 2 2 10 10 4 4 5 4 6 5 2 3 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish deverbals",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 5 5 9 5 1 1 10 10 5 5 6 5 7 4 1 5 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1564, J. Mączyński, Lexicon, page 80a:",
"text": "Defensio, Obroná.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1588, A. Calepinus, Dictionarium decem linguarum, page 839b:",
"text": "Praesidiarius – Ten ktori dlia obroni ieſt",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"defence; Further details are uncertain."
],
"id": "en-obrona-pl-noun-wqjlzSb0",
"links": [
[
"defence",
"defence"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Middle Polish) defence; Further details are uncertain."
],
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish",
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɔˈbrɔ.na/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɔˈbrɔ.na/",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔna"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"pl:Ida Kurcz"
],
"word": "obrona"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Polish 3-syllable words",
"Polish deverbals",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish feminine nouns",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish links with manual fragments",
"Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"Polish nouns",
"Polish terms derived from Old Polish",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Polish terms inherited from Old Polish",
"Polish terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with audio pronunciation",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɔna",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɔna/3 syllables"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "obronny"
},
{
"word": "obrona cywilna"
},
{
"word": "obrona Częstochowy"
},
{
"word": "obrona konieczna"
},
{
"word": "obrona sycylijska"
},
{
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "stanąć w obronie"
},
{
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "stawać w obronie"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"inh": "1"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "obrona",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old Polish obrona",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "obrona"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old Polish obrona",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "+deverbal",
"2": "pl",
"3": "obronić"
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, deverbal from obronić",
"name": "surf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old Polish obrona. By surface analysis, deverbal from obronić.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-f",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "obrona",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "obrony",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "obrony",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "obron",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "obronie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "obronom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "obronę",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "obrony",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "obroną",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "obronami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "obronie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "obronach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "obrono",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "obrony",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "obrona f",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"o‧bro‧na"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-f"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"defence (act of defending)",
"defence (person defending)"
],
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": ":przed(ins)<against/from what>"
},
"expansion": "[with przed (+ instrumental) ‘against/from what’]",
"extra_data": {
"words": [
"przed",
"(+",
"instrumental)",
"‘against/from",
"what’"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"defence",
"defence"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"defence (act of defending) [with przed (+ instrumental) ‘against/from what’]",
"(figuratively) defence (person defending)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "obrońca"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"figuratively"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"defence (act of defending)",
"defence (that which protects or defends)"
],
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": ":przed(ins)<against/from what>"
},
"expansion": "[with przed (+ instrumental) ‘against/from what’]",
"extra_data": {
"words": [
"przed",
"(+",
"instrumental)",
"‘against/from",
"what’"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"defence",
"defence"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"defence (act of defending) [with przed (+ instrumental) ‘against/from what’]",
"(figuratively) defence (that which protects or defends)"
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"figuratively"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"defence (act of defending)",
"care; protection"
],
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": ":przed(ins)<against/from what>"
},
"expansion": "[with przed (+ instrumental) ‘against/from what’]",
"extra_data": {
"words": [
"przed",
"(+",
"instrumental)",
"‘against/from",
"what’"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"defence",
"defence"
],
[
"care",
"care"
],
[
"protection",
"protection"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"defence (act of defending) [with przed (+ instrumental) ‘against/from what’]",
"(obsolete) care; protection"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "opieka"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle Polish"
],
"glosses": [
"defence (act of defending)",
"prevention; medicine (medicine intended to defend the body)"
],
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": ":przed(ins)<against/from what>"
},
"expansion": "[with przed (+ instrumental) ‘against/from what’]",
"extra_data": {
"words": [
"przed",
"(+",
"instrumental)",
"‘against/from",
"what’"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"defence",
"defence"
],
[
"prevention",
"prevention"
],
[
"medicine",
"medicine"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"defence (act of defending) [with przed (+ instrumental) ‘against/from what’]",
"(Middle Polish) prevention; medicine (medicine intended to defend the body)"
],
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"defence (actions preventing to harm someone or something)"
],
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": ":przed(ins)<against/from what>"
},
"expansion": "[with przed (+ instrumental) ‘against/from what’]",
"extra_data": {
"words": [
"przed",
"(+",
"instrumental)",
"‘against/from",
"what’"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"defence",
"defence"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"defence (actions preventing to harm someone or something) [with przed (+ instrumental) ‘against/from what’]"
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"defence (argument in support or justification of something against criticism)"
],
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": ":przed(ins)<against/from what>"
},
"expansion": "[with przed (+ instrumental) ‘against/from what’]",
"extra_data": {
"words": [
"przed",
"(+",
"instrumental)",
"‘against/from",
"what’"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"defence",
"defence"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"defence (argument in support or justification of something against criticism) [with przed (+ instrumental) ‘against/from what’]"
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"defence (argument in support or justification of something against criticism)",
"excuse"
],
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": ":przed(ins)<against/from what>"
},
"expansion": "[with przed (+ instrumental) ‘against/from what’]",
"extra_data": {
"words": [
"przed",
"(+",
"instrumental)",
"‘against/from",
"what’"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"defence",
"defence"
],
[
"excuse",
"excuse"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"defence (argument in support or justification of something against criticism) [with przed (+ instrumental) ‘against/from what’]",
"(obsolete) excuse"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "wymówka"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"pl:Law"
],
"glosses": [
"defence (presenting of redeeming evidence or arguments in court)"
],
"links": [
[
"law",
"law#English"
],
[
"defence",
"defence"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(law) defence (presenting of redeeming evidence or arguments in court)"
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"topics": [
"law"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"pl:Law"
],
"glosses": [
"defence (presenting of redeeming evidence or arguments in court)",
"defence (person presenting such evidence)"
],
"links": [
[
"law",
"law#English"
],
[
"defence",
"defence"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(law) defence (presenting of redeeming evidence or arguments in court)",
"defence (person presenting such evidence)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "adwokat"
},
{
"word": "mecenas"
},
{
"word": "obrońca"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"topics": [
"law"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"pl:Sports"
],
"glosses": [
"defence (strategy and tactics employed to prevent the other team from scoring)"
],
"links": [
[
"sports",
"sports"
],
[
"defence",
"defence"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(sports) defence (strategy and tactics employed to prevent the other team from scoring)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "defensywa"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"topics": [
"hobbies",
"lifestyle",
"sports"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"pl:Sports"
],
"glosses": [
"defence (strategy and tactics employed to prevent the other team from scoring)",
"defence (portion of a team dedicated to preventing the other team from scoring)"
],
"links": [
[
"sports",
"sports"
],
[
"defence",
"defence"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(sports) defence (strategy and tactics employed to prevent the other team from scoring)",
"defence (portion of a team dedicated to preventing the other team from scoring)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "defensywa"
},
{
"word": "defensywa"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"topics": [
"hobbies",
"lifestyle",
"sports"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"pl:Sports"
],
"glosses": [
"defence (repeating an achieved success in sports competitions)"
],
"links": [
[
"sports",
"sports"
],
[
"defence",
"defence"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(sports) defence (repeating an achieved success in sports competitions)"
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"topics": [
"hobbies",
"lifestyle",
"sports"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"pl:Education"
],
"glosses": [
"defence (exam related to a work entitling one to obtain a specific title)"
],
"links": [
[
"education",
"education"
],
[
"defence",
"defence"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(education) defence (exam related to a work entitling one to obtain a specific title)"
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"topics": [
"education"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"pl:Boxing",
"pl:Fencing"
],
"glosses": [
"defence (tactics used to avoid being hit)"
],
"links": [
[
"boxing",
"boxing#Noun"
],
[
"fencing",
"fencing#Noun"
],
[
"defence",
"defence"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(boxing, fencing) defence (tactics used to avoid being hit)"
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"topics": [
"boxing",
"fencing",
"government",
"hobbies",
"lifestyle",
"martial-arts",
"military",
"politics",
"sports",
"war"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"pl:Chess"
],
"glosses": [
"defence (tactics used to avoid losing pieces)"
],
"links": [
[
"chess",
"chess"
],
[
"defence",
"defence"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(chess) defence (tactics used to avoid losing pieces)"
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"topics": [
"board-games",
"chess",
"games"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"defence (part of the military intended for defence)"
],
"links": [
[
"defence",
"defence"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(mlitary) defence (part of the military intended for defence)"
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"defensive building (any building intended for defence)"
],
"links": [
[
"defensive",
"defensive"
],
[
"building",
"building"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) defensive building (any building intended for defence)"
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle Polish",
"Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"Polish terms with quotations",
"Polish terms with uncertain meaning"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1564, J. Mączyński, Lexicon, page 80a:",
"text": "Defensio, Obroná.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1588, A. Calepinus, Dictionarium decem linguarum, page 839b:",
"text": "Praesidiarius – Ten ktori dlia obroni ieſt",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"defence; Further details are uncertain."
],
"links": [
[
"defence",
"defence"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Middle Polish) defence; Further details are uncertain."
],
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish",
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɔˈbrɔ.na/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɔˈbrɔ.na/",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔna"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"pl:Ida Kurcz"
],
"word": "obrona"
}
Download raw JSONL data for obrona meaning in Polish (11.7kB)
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: mlitary",
"path": [
"obrona"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "obrona",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: mlitary",
"path": [
"obrona"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "obrona",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Polish dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.