See obrona on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for obrona meaning in All languages combined (18.9kB)
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "obrona"
},
"expansion": "Polish: obrona",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Polish: obrona"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "szl",
"2": "ôbrōna"
},
"expansion": "Silesian: ôbrōna",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Silesian: ôbrōna"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*oborna",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *oborna",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*oborna"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *oborna",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "+deverbal",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "obronić"
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, deverbal from obronić",
"name": "surf"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1449"
},
"expansion": "1449",
"name": "etydate/the"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1449"
},
"expansion": "First attested in 1449.",
"name": "etydate"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *oborna. By surface analysis, deverbal from obronić. First attested in 1449.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "obrona f",
"name": "zlw-opl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old Polish",
"lang_code": "zlw-opl",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "obrańca"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "obroniciel"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "obronienie"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "obronność"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "obrońca"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "obronić"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "obraniać"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "26 2 21 21 11 8 8 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish deverbals",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 1 21 21 10 9 9 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"defence (act of defending)"
],
"id": "en-obrona-zlw-opl-noun-qc1SXLQU",
"links": [
[
"defence",
"defence"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"protection, care, custody"
],
"id": "en-obrona-zlw-opl-noun-INcQJDfC",
"links": [
[
"protection",
"protection"
],
[
"care",
"care"
],
[
"custody",
"custody"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish terms with uncertain meaning",
"parents": [
"Terms with uncertain meaning",
"Terms by usage"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "26 2 21 21 11 8 8 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish deverbals",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 1 21 21 10 9 9 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"protection, care, custody",
"The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include:",
"The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include"
],
"id": "en-obrona-zlw-opl-noun-CpT2Cjy6",
"links": [
[
"protection",
"protection"
],
[
"care",
"care"
],
[
"custody",
"custody"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"protection, care, custody",
"The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include:"
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish terms with uncertain meaning",
"parents": [
"Terms with uncertain meaning",
"Terms by usage"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "26 2 21 21 11 8 8 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish deverbals",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 1 21 21 10 9 9 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"protection, care, custody",
"The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include:",
"patron saint's care over a church"
],
"id": "en-obrona-zlw-opl-noun-YDs4qztz",
"links": [
[
"protection",
"protection"
],
[
"care",
"care"
],
[
"custody",
"custody"
],
[
"patron saint",
"patron saint"
],
[
"church",
"church"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "26 2 21 21 11 8 8 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish deverbals",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 1 21 21 10 9 9 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"defender"
],
"id": "en-obrona-zlw-opl-noun-ckbSsrnO",
"links": [
[
"defender",
"defender"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively) defender"
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"figuratively"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"possession, management"
],
"id": "en-obrona-zlw-opl-noun-noeIFkDT",
"links": [
[
"possession",
"possession"
],
[
"management",
"management"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"possession, management",
"right to possession or management"
],
"id": "en-obrona-zlw-opl-noun-2MwHtd0h",
"links": [
[
"possession",
"possession"
],
[
"management",
"management"
],
[
"right",
"right"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"corruption of brona (“gate”)"
],
"id": "en-obrona-zlw-opl-noun-7zpfDhHW",
"links": [
[
"brona",
"brona#Old Polish"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɔbrɔna/",
"note": "10ᵗʰ–15ᵗʰ CE"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɔbrɔna/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE"
}
],
"word": "obrona"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "obronny"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "obrona cywilna"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "obrona Częstochowy"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "obrona konieczna"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "obrona sycylijska"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "stanąć w obronie"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "stawać w obronie"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"inh": "1"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "obrona",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old Polish obrona",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "obrona"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old Polish obrona",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "+deverbal",
"2": "pl",
"3": "obronić"
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, deverbal from obronić",
"name": "surf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old Polish obrona. By surface analysis, deverbal from obronić.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-f",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "obrona",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "obrony",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "obrony",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "obron",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "obronie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "obronom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "obronę",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "obrony",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "obroną",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "obronami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "obronie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "obronach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "obrono",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "obrony",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "obrona f",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"o‧bro‧na"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-f"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"defence (act of defending) [+ przed (instrumental) = against/from what]",
"defence (person defending)"
],
"id": "en-obrona-pl-noun-DInKV8M4",
"links": [
[
"defence",
"defence"
],
[
"przed",
"przed#Polish"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"defence (act of defending) [+ przed (instrumental) = against/from what]",
"(figuratively) defence (person defending)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "obrońca"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"figuratively"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"defence (act of defending) [+ przed (instrumental) = against/from what]",
"defence (that which protects or defends)"
],
"id": "en-obrona-pl-noun-HILH1fKG",
"links": [
[
"defence",
"defence"
],
[
"przed",
"przed#Polish"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"defence (act of defending) [+ przed (instrumental) = against/from what]",
"(figuratively) defence (that which protects or defends)"
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"figuratively"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"defence (act of defending) [+ przed (instrumental) = against/from what]",
"care; protection"
],
"id": "en-obrona-pl-noun-Hxljlazf",
"links": [
[
"defence",
"defence"
],
[
"przed",
"przed#Polish"
],
[
"care",
"care"
],
[
"protection",
"protection"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"defence (act of defending) [+ przed (instrumental) = against/from what]",
"(obsolete) care; protection"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "opieka"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "5 5 5 9 5 3 3 8 8 5 5 5 5 8 5 2 4 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish deverbals",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"defence (act of defending) [+ przed (instrumental) = against/from what]",
"prevention; medicine (medicine intended to defend the body)"
],
"id": "en-obrona-pl-noun-9pfrp4IJ",
"links": [
[
"defence",
"defence"
],
[
"przed",
"przed#Polish"
],
[
"prevention",
"prevention"
],
[
"medicine",
"medicine"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"defence (act of defending) [+ przed (instrumental) = against/from what]",
"(Middle Polish) prevention; medicine (medicine intended to defend the body)"
],
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"defence (actions preventing to harm someone or something) [+ przed (instrumental) = against/from what]",
"defence (actions preventing to harm someone or something)"
],
"id": "en-obrona-pl-noun-RB3gemG1",
"links": [
[
"defence",
"defence"
],
[
"przed",
"przed#Polish"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"defence (actions preventing to harm someone or something) [+ przed (instrumental) = against/from what]"
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"defence (argument in support or justification of something against criticism) [+ przed (instrumental) = against/from what]",
"defence (argument in support or justification of something against criticism)"
],
"id": "en-obrona-pl-noun-SgkOaAl1",
"links": [
[
"defence",
"defence"
],
[
"przed",
"przed#Polish"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"defence (argument in support or justification of something against criticism) [+ przed (instrumental) = against/from what]"
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"defence (argument in support or justification of something against criticism) [+ przed (instrumental) = against/from what]",
"excuse"
],
"id": "en-obrona-pl-noun-ijzqz~zM",
"links": [
[
"defence",
"defence"
],
[
"przed",
"przed#Polish"
],
[
"excuse",
"excuse"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"defence (argument in support or justification of something against criticism) [+ przed (instrumental) = against/from what]",
"(obsolete) excuse"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "wymówka"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Law",
"orig": "pl:Law",
"parents": [
"Justice",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "6 5 5 8 5 2 2 9 9 6 6 6 5 7 4 1 5 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"defence (presenting of redeeming evidence or arguments in court)"
],
"id": "en-obrona-pl-noun-XGprW1dQ",
"links": [
[
"law",
"law#English"
],
[
"defence",
"defence"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(law) defence (presenting of redeeming evidence or arguments in court)"
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"topics": [
"law"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Law",
"orig": "pl:Law",
"parents": [
"Justice",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "6 5 5 8 5 2 2 9 9 6 6 6 5 7 4 1 5 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 5 5 7 4 2 2 8 13 6 6 5 4 8 5 2 4 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with manual fragments",
"parents": [
"Links with manual fragments",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 5 5 7 5 2 2 9 14 5 5 5 4 6 4 1 4 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 5 5 7 5 2 2 9 14 5 5 5 4 6 4 1 4 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"defence (presenting of redeeming evidence or arguments in court)",
"defence (person presenting such evidence)"
],
"id": "en-obrona-pl-noun-Jiu5VUNc",
"links": [
[
"law",
"law#English"
],
[
"defence",
"defence"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(law) defence (presenting of redeeming evidence or arguments in court)",
"defence (person presenting such evidence)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "adwokat"
},
{
"word": "mecenas"
},
{
"word": "obrońca"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"topics": [
"law"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Sports",
"orig": "pl:Sports",
"parents": [
"Human activity",
"Human behaviour",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"defence (strategy and tactics employed to prevent the other team from scoring)"
],
"id": "en-obrona-pl-noun-pgeMN0zp",
"links": [
[
"sports",
"sports"
],
[
"defence",
"defence"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(sports) defence (strategy and tactics employed to prevent the other team from scoring)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "defensywa"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"topics": [
"hobbies",
"lifestyle",
"sports"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Sports",
"orig": "pl:Sports",
"parents": [
"Human activity",
"Human behaviour",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"defence (strategy and tactics employed to prevent the other team from scoring)",
"defence (portion of a team dedicated to preventing the other team from scoring)"
],
"id": "en-obrona-pl-noun-8XCBGvMf",
"links": [
[
"sports",
"sports"
],
[
"defence",
"defence"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(sports) defence (strategy and tactics employed to prevent the other team from scoring)",
"defence (portion of a team dedicated to preventing the other team from scoring)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "defensywa"
},
{
"word": "defensywa"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"topics": [
"hobbies",
"lifestyle",
"sports"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Sports",
"orig": "pl:Sports",
"parents": [
"Human activity",
"Human behaviour",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"defence (repeating an achieved success in sports competitions)"
],
"id": "en-obrona-pl-noun-8iRJmM7z",
"links": [
[
"sports",
"sports"
],
[
"defence",
"defence"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(sports) defence (repeating an achieved success in sports competitions)"
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"topics": [
"hobbies",
"lifestyle",
"sports"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Education",
"orig": "pl:Education",
"parents": [
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"defence (exam related to a work entitling one to obtain a specific title)"
],
"id": "en-obrona-pl-noun-EnC4O4nJ",
"links": [
[
"education",
"education"
],
[
"defence",
"defence"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(education) defence (exam related to a work entitling one to obtain a specific title)"
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"topics": [
"education"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Boxing",
"orig": "pl:Boxing",
"parents": [
"Sports",
"Human activity",
"Human behaviour",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Fencing",
"orig": "pl:Fencing",
"parents": [
"Sports",
"Human activity",
"Human behaviour",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"defence (tactics used to avoid being hit)"
],
"id": "en-obrona-pl-noun-s-9fuAJK",
"links": [
[
"boxing",
"boxing#Noun"
],
[
"fencing",
"fencing#Noun"
],
[
"defence",
"defence"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(boxing, fencing) defence (tactics used to avoid being hit)"
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"topics": [
"boxing",
"fencing",
"government",
"hobbies",
"lifestyle",
"martial-arts",
"military",
"politics",
"sports",
"war"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Chess",
"orig": "pl:Chess",
"parents": [
"Board games",
"Tabletop games",
"Games",
"Recreation",
"Human activity",
"Human behaviour",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"defence (tactics used to avoid losing pieces)"
],
"id": "en-obrona-pl-noun-fmooqALl",
"links": [
[
"chess",
"chess"
],
[
"defence",
"defence"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(chess) defence (tactics used to avoid losing pieces)"
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"topics": [
"board-games",
"chess",
"games"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"defence (part of the military intended for defence)"
],
"id": "en-obrona-pl-noun-QewdXMH~",
"links": [
[
"defence",
"defence"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(mlitary) defence (part of the military intended for defence)"
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"defensive building (any building intended for defence)"
],
"id": "en-obrona-pl-noun-noH-rhm4",
"links": [
[
"defensive",
"defensive"
],
[
"building",
"building"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) defensive building (any building intended for defence)"
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish terms with uncertain meaning",
"parents": [
"Terms with uncertain meaning",
"Terms by usage"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "5 5 5 9 5 3 3 8 8 5 5 5 5 8 5 2 4 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish deverbals",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 5 5 8 5 2 2 9 9 6 6 6 5 7 4 1 5 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"defence; Further details are uncertain."
],
"id": "en-obrona-pl-noun-wqjlzSb0",
"links": [
[
"defence",
"defence"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Middle Polish) defence; Further details are uncertain."
],
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish",
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɔˈbrɔ.na/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɔˈbrɔ.na/",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔna"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"pl:Ida Kurcz"
],
"word": "obrona"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old Polish deverbals",
"Old Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Polish feminine nouns",
"Old Polish lemmas",
"Old Polish nouns",
"Old Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Old Polish terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Old Polish terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "obrona"
},
"expansion": "Polish: obrona",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Polish: obrona"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "szl",
"2": "ôbrōna"
},
"expansion": "Silesian: ôbrōna",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Silesian: ôbrōna"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*oborna",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *oborna",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*oborna"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *oborna",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "+deverbal",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "obronić"
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, deverbal from obronić",
"name": "surf"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1449"
},
"expansion": "1449",
"name": "etydate/the"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1449"
},
"expansion": "First attested in 1449.",
"name": "etydate"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *oborna. By surface analysis, deverbal from obronić. First attested in 1449.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "obrona f",
"name": "zlw-opl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old Polish",
"lang_code": "zlw-opl",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "obrańca"
},
{
"word": "obroniciel"
},
{
"word": "obronienie"
},
{
"word": "obronność"
},
{
"word": "obrońca"
},
{
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "obronić"
},
{
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "obraniać"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"defence (act of defending)"
],
"links": [
[
"defence",
"defence"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"protection, care, custody"
],
"links": [
[
"protection",
"protection"
],
[
"care",
"care"
],
[
"custody",
"custody"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Old Polish terms with uncertain meaning"
],
"glosses": [
"protection, care, custody",
"The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include:",
"The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include"
],
"links": [
[
"protection",
"protection"
],
[
"care",
"care"
],
[
"custody",
"custody"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"protection, care, custody",
"The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include:"
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Old Polish terms with uncertain meaning"
],
"glosses": [
"protection, care, custody",
"The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include:",
"patron saint's care over a church"
],
"links": [
[
"protection",
"protection"
],
[
"care",
"care"
],
[
"custody",
"custody"
],
[
"patron saint",
"patron saint"
],
[
"church",
"church"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"defender"
],
"links": [
[
"defender",
"defender"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively) defender"
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"figuratively"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"possession, management"
],
"links": [
[
"possession",
"possession"
],
[
"management",
"management"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"possession, management",
"right to possession or management"
],
"links": [
[
"possession",
"possession"
],
[
"management",
"management"
],
[
"right",
"right"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"corruption of brona (“gate”)"
],
"links": [
[
"brona",
"brona#Old Polish"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɔbrɔna/",
"note": "10ᵗʰ–15ᵗʰ CE"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɔbrɔna/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE"
}
],
"word": "obrona"
}
{
"categories": [
"Polish 3-syllable words",
"Polish deverbals",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish feminine nouns",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish links with manual fragments",
"Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"Polish nouns",
"Polish terms derived from Old Polish",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Polish terms inherited from Old Polish",
"Polish terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with audio links",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɔna",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɔna/3 syllables"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "obronny"
},
{
"word": "obrona cywilna"
},
{
"word": "obrona Częstochowy"
},
{
"word": "obrona konieczna"
},
{
"word": "obrona sycylijska"
},
{
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "stanąć w obronie"
},
{
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "stawać w obronie"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"inh": "1"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "obrona",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old Polish obrona",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "obrona"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old Polish obrona",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "+deverbal",
"2": "pl",
"3": "obronić"
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, deverbal from obronić",
"name": "surf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old Polish obrona. By surface analysis, deverbal from obronić.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-f",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "obrona",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "obrony",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "obrony",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "obron",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "obronie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "obronom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "obronę",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "obrony",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "obroną",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "obronami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "obronie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "obronach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "obrono",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "obrony",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "obrona f",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"o‧bro‧na"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-f"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"defence (act of defending) [+ przed (instrumental) = against/from what]",
"defence (person defending)"
],
"links": [
[
"defence",
"defence"
],
[
"przed",
"przed#Polish"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"defence (act of defending) [+ przed (instrumental) = against/from what]",
"(figuratively) defence (person defending)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "obrońca"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"figuratively"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"defence (act of defending) [+ przed (instrumental) = against/from what]",
"defence (that which protects or defends)"
],
"links": [
[
"defence",
"defence"
],
[
"przed",
"przed#Polish"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"defence (act of defending) [+ przed (instrumental) = against/from what]",
"(figuratively) defence (that which protects or defends)"
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"figuratively"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"defence (act of defending) [+ przed (instrumental) = against/from what]",
"care; protection"
],
"links": [
[
"defence",
"defence"
],
[
"przed",
"przed#Polish"
],
[
"care",
"care"
],
[
"protection",
"protection"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"defence (act of defending) [+ przed (instrumental) = against/from what]",
"(obsolete) care; protection"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "opieka"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle Polish"
],
"glosses": [
"defence (act of defending) [+ przed (instrumental) = against/from what]",
"prevention; medicine (medicine intended to defend the body)"
],
"links": [
[
"defence",
"defence"
],
[
"przed",
"przed#Polish"
],
[
"prevention",
"prevention"
],
[
"medicine",
"medicine"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"defence (act of defending) [+ przed (instrumental) = against/from what]",
"(Middle Polish) prevention; medicine (medicine intended to defend the body)"
],
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"defence (actions preventing to harm someone or something) [+ przed (instrumental) = against/from what]",
"defence (actions preventing to harm someone or something)"
],
"links": [
[
"defence",
"defence"
],
[
"przed",
"przed#Polish"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"defence (actions preventing to harm someone or something) [+ przed (instrumental) = against/from what]"
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"defence (argument in support or justification of something against criticism) [+ przed (instrumental) = against/from what]",
"defence (argument in support or justification of something against criticism)"
],
"links": [
[
"defence",
"defence"
],
[
"przed",
"przed#Polish"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"defence (argument in support or justification of something against criticism) [+ przed (instrumental) = against/from what]"
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"defence (argument in support or justification of something against criticism) [+ przed (instrumental) = against/from what]",
"excuse"
],
"links": [
[
"defence",
"defence"
],
[
"przed",
"przed#Polish"
],
[
"excuse",
"excuse"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"defence (argument in support or justification of something against criticism) [+ przed (instrumental) = against/from what]",
"(obsolete) excuse"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "wymówka"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"pl:Law"
],
"glosses": [
"defence (presenting of redeeming evidence or arguments in court)"
],
"links": [
[
"law",
"law#English"
],
[
"defence",
"defence"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(law) defence (presenting of redeeming evidence or arguments in court)"
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"topics": [
"law"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"pl:Law"
],
"glosses": [
"defence (presenting of redeeming evidence or arguments in court)",
"defence (person presenting such evidence)"
],
"links": [
[
"law",
"law#English"
],
[
"defence",
"defence"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(law) defence (presenting of redeeming evidence or arguments in court)",
"defence (person presenting such evidence)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "adwokat"
},
{
"word": "mecenas"
},
{
"word": "obrońca"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"topics": [
"law"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"pl:Sports"
],
"glosses": [
"defence (strategy and tactics employed to prevent the other team from scoring)"
],
"links": [
[
"sports",
"sports"
],
[
"defence",
"defence"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(sports) defence (strategy and tactics employed to prevent the other team from scoring)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "defensywa"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"topics": [
"hobbies",
"lifestyle",
"sports"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"pl:Sports"
],
"glosses": [
"defence (strategy and tactics employed to prevent the other team from scoring)",
"defence (portion of a team dedicated to preventing the other team from scoring)"
],
"links": [
[
"sports",
"sports"
],
[
"defence",
"defence"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(sports) defence (strategy and tactics employed to prevent the other team from scoring)",
"defence (portion of a team dedicated to preventing the other team from scoring)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "defensywa"
},
{
"word": "defensywa"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"topics": [
"hobbies",
"lifestyle",
"sports"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"pl:Sports"
],
"glosses": [
"defence (repeating an achieved success in sports competitions)"
],
"links": [
[
"sports",
"sports"
],
[
"defence",
"defence"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(sports) defence (repeating an achieved success in sports competitions)"
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"topics": [
"hobbies",
"lifestyle",
"sports"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"pl:Education"
],
"glosses": [
"defence (exam related to a work entitling one to obtain a specific title)"
],
"links": [
[
"education",
"education"
],
[
"defence",
"defence"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(education) defence (exam related to a work entitling one to obtain a specific title)"
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"topics": [
"education"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"pl:Boxing",
"pl:Fencing"
],
"glosses": [
"defence (tactics used to avoid being hit)"
],
"links": [
[
"boxing",
"boxing#Noun"
],
[
"fencing",
"fencing#Noun"
],
[
"defence",
"defence"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(boxing, fencing) defence (tactics used to avoid being hit)"
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"topics": [
"boxing",
"fencing",
"government",
"hobbies",
"lifestyle",
"martial-arts",
"military",
"politics",
"sports",
"war"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"pl:Chess"
],
"glosses": [
"defence (tactics used to avoid losing pieces)"
],
"links": [
[
"chess",
"chess"
],
[
"defence",
"defence"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(chess) defence (tactics used to avoid losing pieces)"
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"topics": [
"board-games",
"chess",
"games"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"defence (part of the military intended for defence)"
],
"links": [
[
"defence",
"defence"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(mlitary) defence (part of the military intended for defence)"
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"defensive building (any building intended for defence)"
],
"links": [
[
"defensive",
"defensive"
],
[
"building",
"building"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) defensive building (any building intended for defence)"
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle Polish",
"Polish terms with uncertain meaning"
],
"glosses": [
"defence; Further details are uncertain."
],
"links": [
[
"defence",
"defence"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Middle Polish) defence; Further details are uncertain."
],
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish",
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɔˈbrɔ.na/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɔˈbrɔ.na/",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔna"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"pl:Ida Kurcz"
],
"word": "obrona"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.