See obrona on Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "obrona"
},
"expansion": "Polish: obrona",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Polish: obrona"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "szl",
"2": "ôbrōna"
},
"expansion": "Silesian: ôbrōna",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Silesian: ôbrōna"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*oborna",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *oborna",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*oborna"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *oborna",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "+deverbal",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "obronić"
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, deverbal from obronić",
"name": "surf"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1449"
},
"expansion": "1449",
"name": "etydate/the"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1449"
},
"expansion": "First attested in 1449",
"name": "etydate"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *oborna. By surface analysis, deverbal from obronić. First attested in 1449.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "obrona f",
"name": "zlw-opl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old Polish",
"lang_code": "zlw-opl",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "obrańca"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "obroniciel"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "obronienie"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "obronność"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "obrońca"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "obronić"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "obraniać"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"parents": [
"Quotations with omitted translation",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "17 19 19 19 9 7 7 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish deverbals",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 17 17 17 10 9 9 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1930 [c. 1455], “II Par”, in Ludwik Bernacki, editor, Biblia królowej Zofii (Biblia szaroszpatacka), 26, 15:",
"text": "A wzdzalal w Ierusalem rozlyczna dzala ku obronye myesczskey, iasz vstauil na wyeszach",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1461-1467, Sermones. Rękopiśmienne ekscerpty pochodzące z rkpsu Archiwum i Biblioteki Krakowskiej Kapituły Katedralnej o sygn. 230 (dawna sygn. 1421/108 Mns) z roku 1461-1467, page 443v:",
"text": "Cv obrone pokusz ad resistenciam temptacionum",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"defence (act of defending)"
],
"id": "en-obrona-zlw-opl-noun-qc1SXLQU",
"links": [
[
"defence",
"defence"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Lesser Poland Old Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"parents": [
"Quotations with omitted translation",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Sieradz-Łęczyca Old Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "17 19 19 19 9 7 7 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish deverbals",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 17 17 17 10 9 9 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 7 7 7 2 2 2 1 4 4 4 6 4 1 2 7 7 3 3 3 3 4 3 1 3 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1887 [Fifteenth century], Wacław Ubogi z Brodni, edited by Lucjan Malinowski, Modlitwy Wacława. Zabytek języka polskiego z wieku XV odkryty i skopjowany przez Aleksandra Przezdzieckiego wydał i objaśnił Lucyjan Malinowski, Krakow, Brodnia, page 44a:",
"text": "Czaszi nasze pod twoią obroną abi bili spokoyne",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"protection, care, custody"
],
"id": "en-obrona-zlw-opl-noun-INcQJDfC",
"links": [
[
"protection",
"protection"
],
[
"care",
"care"
],
[
"custody",
"custody"
]
],
"qualifier": "attested in Lesser Poland",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attested in Lesser Poland, Sieradz-Łęczyca) protection, care, custody"
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Lesser Poland Old Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"parents": [
"Quotations with omitted translation",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish terms with uncertain meaning",
"parents": [
"Terms with uncertain meaning",
"Terms by usage"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Sieradz-Łęczyca Old Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "17 19 19 19 9 7 7 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish deverbals",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 17 17 17 10 9 9 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 7 7 7 2 2 2 1 4 4 4 6 4 1 2 7 7 3 3 3 3 4 3 1 3 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"protection, care, custody",
"The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include"
],
"id": "en-obrona-zlw-opl-noun-idLygA2r",
"links": [
[
"protection",
"protection"
],
[
"care",
"care"
],
[
"custody",
"custody"
]
],
"qualifier": "attested in Lesser Poland",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attested in Lesser Poland, Sieradz-Łęczyca) protection, care, custody",
"The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include:"
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Greater Poland Old Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Lesser Poland Old Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"parents": [
"Quotations with omitted translation",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish terms with uncertain meaning",
"parents": [
"Terms with uncertain meaning",
"Terms by usage"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Sieradz-Łęczyca Old Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "17 19 19 19 9 7 7 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish deverbals",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 17 17 17 10 9 9 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 7 7 7 2 2 2 1 4 4 4 6 4 1 2 7 7 3 3 3 3 4 3 1 3 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1908 [c. 1500], Bolesław Erzepki, editor, Przyczynki do średniowiecznego słownictwa polskiego. I. Glosy polskie wpisane do łacińsko-niemieckiego słownika drukowanego w roku 1490, Lubiń, page 54:",
"text": "Patrocinium obrona, kyermasz",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "c. 1500, Wokabularz lubiński, Lubiń: inkunabuł Archiwum Archidiecezjalnego w Gnieźnie, sygn. Inc. 78d., page 96v:",
"text": "Patrocinium […] id est defensio beschirmung obrona kyermasz",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"protection, care, custody",
"The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include:",
"patron saint's care over a church"
],
"id": "en-obrona-zlw-opl-noun-YDs4qztz",
"links": [
[
"protection",
"protection"
],
[
"care",
"care"
],
[
"custody",
"custody"
],
[
"patron saint",
"patron saint"
],
[
"church",
"church"
]
],
"qualifier": "attested in Lesser Poland; attested in Greater Poland; attested in Greater Poland",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attested in Lesser Poland, Sieradz-Łęczyca) protection, care, custody",
"The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include:",
"(attested in Greater Poland) patron saint's care over a church"
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"parents": [
"Quotations with omitted translation",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "15 17 17 17 10 9 9 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1930 [c. 1455], “Num”, in Ludwik Bernacki, editor, Biblia królowej Zofii (Biblia szaroszpatacka), 14, 9:",
"text": "Odesla iest od nich wszitka obrona (recessit ab eis omne praesidium), a s nami iest bog",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"defender"
],
"id": "en-obrona-zlw-opl-noun-ckbSsrnO",
"links": [
[
"defender",
"defender"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively) defender"
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"figuratively"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Greater Poland Old Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"parents": [
"Quotations with omitted translation",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1884 [c. 1455-1460], “Die Magdeburger Urtheile. Ein Deutschen Rechtes in polnischer Sprache aus der Mitte des XV Jahrhunderts”, in Aleksander Brückner, editor, Archiv für slavische Philologie, pages 65, 2:",
"text": "Gdysz thy pyenadze gescze nygdy w gego obroną przyszly, azaly ty pyenadze nye podobnyey przydą gey dzeczem, nyszly gey mazowy",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"english": "History of Slavic lawmaking",
"ref": "1858 [c. 1408], Wojciech Szurkowski z Ponieca, “Wyroki sądów miejskich czyli ortyle [Urban court rulings i.e. \"Ortyls\"]”, in Wacław Aleksander Maciejowski, editor, Historia prawodawstw słowiańskich [History of Slavic lawmaking], volume 6, Poniec, page 111:",
"text": "Gdysz gy na szlub wolno wypusczyl szwego dzyerzenya albo obrony, szlowye sz yaczthwa",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"possession, management"
],
"id": "en-obrona-zlw-opl-noun-noeIFkDT",
"links": [
[
"possession",
"possession"
],
[
"management",
"management"
]
],
"qualifier": "attested in Greater Poland",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attested in Greater Poland) possession, management"
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Greater Poland Old Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"parents": [
"Quotations with omitted translation",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "History of Slavic lawmaking",
"ref": "1858 [c. 1408], Wojciech Szurkowski z Ponieca, “Wyroki sądów miejskich czyli ortyle [Urban court rulings i.e. \"Ortyls\"]”, in Wacław Aleksander Maciejowski, editor, Historia prawodawstw słowiańskich [History of Slavic lawmaking], volume 6, Poniec, page 134:",
"text": "Acz ma zona besz mey wolyey y wyedzenya klucze komv podala, azalyby thym kto mogl moyą obroną tego gymyenya szkazycz?",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"possession, management",
"right to possession or management"
],
"id": "en-obrona-zlw-opl-noun-2MwHtd0h",
"links": [
[
"possession",
"possession"
],
[
"management",
"management"
],
[
"right",
"right"
]
],
"qualifier": "attested in Greater Poland",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attested in Greater Poland) possession, management",
"(attested in Greater Poland) right to possession or management"
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"parents": [
"Quotations with omitted translation",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1901 [1471], Materiały i Prace Komisji Językowej Akademii Umiejętności w Krakowie, volume V, page 40:",
"text": "Na obroną in fastigio porte (speculator vero, qui erat in fastigio portae super murum, elevans oculos vidit hominem currentem solum II Reg 18, 24)",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"corruption of brona (“gate”)"
],
"id": "en-obrona-zlw-opl-noun-7zpfDhHW",
"links": [
[
"brona",
"brona#Old_Polish"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɔbrɔna/",
"note": "10ᵗʰ–15ᵗʰ CE"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɔbrɔna/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE"
}
],
"word": "obrona"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "obronny"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "obrona cywilna"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "obrona Częstochowy"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "obrona konieczna"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "obrona sycylijska"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "stanąć w obronie"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "stawać w obronie"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"inh": "1"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "obrona",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old Polish obrona",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "obrona"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old Polish obrona",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "+deverbal",
"2": "pl",
"3": "obronić"
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, deverbal from obronić",
"name": "surf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old Polish obrona. By surface analysis, deverbal from obronić.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-f",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "obrona",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "obrony",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "obrony",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "obron",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "obronie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "obronom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "obronę",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "obrony",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "obroną",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "obronami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "obronie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "obronach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "obrono",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "obrony",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "obrona f",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"o‧bro‧na"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-f"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"defence (act of defending)",
"defence (person defending)"
],
"id": "en-obrona-pl-noun-37mjA263",
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": ":przed(ins)<against/from what>"
},
"expansion": "[with przed (+ instrumental) ‘against/from what’]",
"extra_data": {
"words": [
"przed",
"(+",
"instrumental)",
"‘against/from",
"what’"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"defence",
"defence"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"defence (act of defending) [with przed (+ instrumental) ‘against/from what’]",
"(figuratively) defence (person defending)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "obrońca"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"figuratively"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"defence (act of defending)",
"defence (that which protects or defends)"
],
"id": "en-obrona-pl-noun-~84FupkW",
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": ":przed(ins)<against/from what>"
},
"expansion": "[with przed (+ instrumental) ‘against/from what’]",
"extra_data": {
"words": [
"przed",
"(+",
"instrumental)",
"‘against/from",
"what’"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"defence",
"defence"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"defence (act of defending) [with przed (+ instrumental) ‘against/from what’]",
"(figuratively) defence (that which protects or defends)"
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"figuratively"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"defence (act of defending)",
"care; protection"
],
"id": "en-obrona-pl-noun-nnEkvAGA",
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": ":przed(ins)<against/from what>"
},
"expansion": "[with przed (+ instrumental) ‘against/from what’]",
"extra_data": {
"words": [
"przed",
"(+",
"instrumental)",
"‘against/from",
"what’"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"defence",
"defence"
],
[
"care",
"care"
],
[
"protection",
"protection"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"defence (act of defending) [with przed (+ instrumental) ‘against/from what’]",
"(obsolete) care; protection"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "opieka"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "5 5 5 5 1 1 1 1 5 4 4 7 4 1 1 8 8 3 4 4 4 4 3 1 4 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 5 5 11 5 2 2 10 10 4 4 5 4 6 5 2 3 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish deverbals",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 5 5 9 5 1 1 10 10 5 5 6 5 7 4 1 5 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"defence (act of defending)",
"prevention; medicine (medicine intended to defend the body)"
],
"id": "en-obrona-pl-noun-sE~ZoE-y",
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": ":przed(ins)<against/from what>"
},
"expansion": "[with przed (+ instrumental) ‘against/from what’]",
"extra_data": {
"words": [
"przed",
"(+",
"instrumental)",
"‘against/from",
"what’"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"defence",
"defence"
],
[
"prevention",
"prevention"
],
[
"medicine",
"medicine"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"defence (act of defending) [with przed (+ instrumental) ‘against/from what’]",
"(Middle Polish) prevention; medicine (medicine intended to defend the body)"
],
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"defence (actions preventing to harm someone or something)"
],
"id": "en-obrona-pl-noun-ngkX25Is",
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": ":przed(ins)<against/from what>"
},
"expansion": "[with przed (+ instrumental) ‘against/from what’]",
"extra_data": {
"words": [
"przed",
"(+",
"instrumental)",
"‘against/from",
"what’"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"defence",
"defence"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"defence (actions preventing to harm someone or something) [with przed (+ instrumental) ‘against/from what’]"
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"defence (argument in support or justification of something against criticism)"
],
"id": "en-obrona-pl-noun-OI7pY1mz",
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": ":przed(ins)<against/from what>"
},
"expansion": "[with przed (+ instrumental) ‘against/from what’]",
"extra_data": {
"words": [
"przed",
"(+",
"instrumental)",
"‘against/from",
"what’"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"defence",
"defence"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"defence (argument in support or justification of something against criticism) [with przed (+ instrumental) ‘against/from what’]"
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"defence (argument in support or justification of something against criticism)",
"excuse"
],
"id": "en-obrona-pl-noun-wq8bsoxE",
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": ":przed(ins)<against/from what>"
},
"expansion": "[with przed (+ instrumental) ‘against/from what’]",
"extra_data": {
"words": [
"przed",
"(+",
"instrumental)",
"‘against/from",
"what’"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"defence",
"defence"
],
[
"excuse",
"excuse"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"defence (argument in support or justification of something against criticism) [with przed (+ instrumental) ‘against/from what’]",
"(obsolete) excuse"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "wymówka"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Law",
"orig": "pl:Law",
"parents": [
"Justice",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "5 7 7 7 2 2 2 1 4 4 4 6 4 1 2 7 7 3 3 3 3 4 3 1 3 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 5 5 5 1 1 1 1 5 4 4 7 4 1 1 8 8 3 4 4 4 4 3 1 4 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 5 5 11 5 2 2 10 10 4 4 5 4 6 5 2 3 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish deverbals",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 5 5 9 5 1 1 10 10 5 5 6 5 7 4 1 5 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"defence (presenting of redeeming evidence or arguments in court)"
],
"id": "en-obrona-pl-noun-XGprW1dQ",
"links": [
[
"law",
"law#English"
],
[
"defence",
"defence"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(law) defence (presenting of redeeming evidence or arguments in court)"
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"topics": [
"law"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Law",
"orig": "pl:Law",
"parents": [
"Justice",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "5 7 7 7 2 2 2 1 4 4 4 6 4 1 2 7 7 3 3 3 3 4 3 1 3 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 5 5 5 1 1 1 1 5 4 4 7 4 1 1 8 8 3 4 4 4 4 3 1 4 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 5 5 11 5 2 2 10 10 4 4 5 4 6 5 2 3 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish deverbals",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 5 5 9 5 1 1 10 10 5 5 6 5 7 4 1 5 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 4 4 10 4 1 2 8 13 5 5 5 4 8 5 2 6 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with manual fragments",
"parents": [
"Links with manual fragments",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 4 4 11 4 1 2 10 15 4 4 5 4 6 4 1 4 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 4 4 11 4 1 2 10 15 4 4 5 4 6 4 1 4 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"defence (presenting of redeeming evidence or arguments in court)",
"defence (person presenting such evidence)"
],
"id": "en-obrona-pl-noun-Jiu5VUNc",
"links": [
[
"law",
"law#English"
],
[
"defence",
"defence"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(law) defence (presenting of redeeming evidence or arguments in court)",
"defence (person presenting such evidence)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "adwokat"
},
{
"word": "mecenas"
},
{
"word": "obrońca"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"topics": [
"law"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Sports",
"orig": "pl:Sports",
"parents": [
"Human activity",
"Human behaviour",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"defence (strategy and tactics employed to prevent the other team from scoring)"
],
"id": "en-obrona-pl-noun-pgeMN0zp",
"links": [
[
"sports",
"sports"
],
[
"defence",
"defence"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(sports) defence (strategy and tactics employed to prevent the other team from scoring)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "defensywa"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"topics": [
"hobbies",
"lifestyle",
"sports"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Sports",
"orig": "pl:Sports",
"parents": [
"Human activity",
"Human behaviour",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"defence (strategy and tactics employed to prevent the other team from scoring)",
"defence (portion of a team dedicated to preventing the other team from scoring)"
],
"id": "en-obrona-pl-noun-8XCBGvMf",
"links": [
[
"sports",
"sports"
],
[
"defence",
"defence"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(sports) defence (strategy and tactics employed to prevent the other team from scoring)",
"defence (portion of a team dedicated to preventing the other team from scoring)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "defensywa"
},
{
"word": "defensywa"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"topics": [
"hobbies",
"lifestyle",
"sports"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Sports",
"orig": "pl:Sports",
"parents": [
"Human activity",
"Human behaviour",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"defence (repeating an achieved success in sports competitions)"
],
"id": "en-obrona-pl-noun-8iRJmM7z",
"links": [
[
"sports",
"sports"
],
[
"defence",
"defence"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(sports) defence (repeating an achieved success in sports competitions)"
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"topics": [
"hobbies",
"lifestyle",
"sports"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Education",
"orig": "pl:Education",
"parents": [
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"defence (exam related to a work entitling one to obtain a specific title)"
],
"id": "en-obrona-pl-noun-EnC4O4nJ",
"links": [
[
"education",
"education"
],
[
"defence",
"defence"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(education) defence (exam related to a work entitling one to obtain a specific title)"
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"topics": [
"education"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Boxing",
"orig": "pl:Boxing",
"parents": [
"Sports",
"Human activity",
"Human behaviour",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Fencing",
"orig": "pl:Fencing",
"parents": [
"Sports",
"Human activity",
"Human behaviour",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"defence (tactics used to avoid being hit)"
],
"id": "en-obrona-pl-noun-s-9fuAJK",
"links": [
[
"boxing",
"boxing#Noun"
],
[
"fencing",
"fencing#Noun"
],
[
"defence",
"defence"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(boxing, fencing) defence (tactics used to avoid being hit)"
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"topics": [
"boxing",
"fencing",
"government",
"hobbies",
"lifestyle",
"martial-arts",
"military",
"politics",
"sports",
"war"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Chess",
"orig": "pl:Chess",
"parents": [
"Board games",
"Tabletop games",
"Games",
"Recreation",
"Human activity",
"Human behaviour",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"defence (tactics used to avoid losing pieces)"
],
"id": "en-obrona-pl-noun-fmooqALl",
"links": [
[
"chess",
"chess"
],
[
"defence",
"defence"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(chess) defence (tactics used to avoid losing pieces)"
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"topics": [
"board-games",
"chess",
"games"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"defence (part of the military intended for defence)"
],
"id": "en-obrona-pl-noun-QewdXMH~",
"links": [
[
"defence",
"defence"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(mlitary) defence (part of the military intended for defence)"
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"defensive building (any building intended for defence)"
],
"id": "en-obrona-pl-noun-noH-rhm4",
"links": [
[
"defensive",
"defensive"
],
[
"building",
"building"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) defensive building (any building intended for defence)"
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"parents": [
"Quotations with omitted translation",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish terms with uncertain meaning",
"parents": [
"Terms with uncertain meaning",
"Terms by usage"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "5 7 7 7 2 2 2 1 4 4 4 6 4 1 2 7 7 3 3 3 3 4 3 1 3 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 5 5 5 1 1 1 1 5 4 4 7 4 1 1 8 8 3 4 4 4 4 3 1 4 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 5 5 11 5 2 2 10 10 4 4 5 4 6 5 2 3 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish deverbals",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 5 5 9 5 1 1 10 10 5 5 6 5 7 4 1 5 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1564, J. Mączyński, Lexicon, page 80a:",
"text": "Defensio, Obroná.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1588, A. Calepinus, Dictionarium decem linguarum, page 839b:",
"text": "Praesidiarius – Ten ktori dlia obroni ieſt",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"defence; Further details are uncertain."
],
"id": "en-obrona-pl-noun-wqjlzSb0",
"links": [
[
"defence",
"defence"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Middle Polish) defence; Further details are uncertain."
],
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish",
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɔˈbrɔ.na/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɔˈbrɔ.na/",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔna"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"pl:Ida Kurcz"
],
"word": "obrona"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old Polish deverbals",
"Old Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Polish feminine nouns",
"Old Polish lemmas",
"Old Polish nouns",
"Old Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Old Polish terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Old Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "obrona"
},
"expansion": "Polish: obrona",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Polish: obrona"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "szl",
"2": "ôbrōna"
},
"expansion": "Silesian: ôbrōna",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Silesian: ôbrōna"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*oborna",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *oborna",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*oborna"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *oborna",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "+deverbal",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "obronić"
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, deverbal from obronić",
"name": "surf"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1449"
},
"expansion": "1449",
"name": "etydate/the"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1449"
},
"expansion": "First attested in 1449",
"name": "etydate"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *oborna. By surface analysis, deverbal from obronić. First attested in 1449.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "obrona f",
"name": "zlw-opl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old Polish",
"lang_code": "zlw-opl",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "obrańca"
},
{
"word": "obroniciel"
},
{
"word": "obronienie"
},
{
"word": "obronność"
},
{
"word": "obrońca"
},
{
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "obronić"
},
{
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "obraniać"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"Old Polish terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1930 [c. 1455], “II Par”, in Ludwik Bernacki, editor, Biblia królowej Zofii (Biblia szaroszpatacka), 26, 15:",
"text": "A wzdzalal w Ierusalem rozlyczna dzala ku obronye myesczskey, iasz vstauil na wyeszach",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1461-1467, Sermones. Rękopiśmienne ekscerpty pochodzące z rkpsu Archiwum i Biblioteki Krakowskiej Kapituły Katedralnej o sygn. 230 (dawna sygn. 1421/108 Mns) z roku 1461-1467, page 443v:",
"text": "Cv obrone pokusz ad resistenciam temptacionum",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"defence (act of defending)"
],
"links": [
[
"defence",
"defence"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Lesser Poland Old Polish",
"Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"Old Polish terms with quotations",
"Sieradz-Łęczyca Old Polish"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1887 [Fifteenth century], Wacław Ubogi z Brodni, edited by Lucjan Malinowski, Modlitwy Wacława. Zabytek języka polskiego z wieku XV odkryty i skopjowany przez Aleksandra Przezdzieckiego wydał i objaśnił Lucyjan Malinowski, Krakow, Brodnia, page 44a:",
"text": "Czaszi nasze pod twoią obroną abi bili spokoyne",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"protection, care, custody"
],
"links": [
[
"protection",
"protection"
],
[
"care",
"care"
],
[
"custody",
"custody"
]
],
"qualifier": "attested in Lesser Poland",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attested in Lesser Poland, Sieradz-Łęczyca) protection, care, custody"
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Lesser Poland Old Polish",
"Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"Old Polish terms with quotations",
"Old Polish terms with uncertain meaning",
"Sieradz-Łęczyca Old Polish"
],
"glosses": [
"protection, care, custody",
"The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include"
],
"links": [
[
"protection",
"protection"
],
[
"care",
"care"
],
[
"custody",
"custody"
]
],
"qualifier": "attested in Lesser Poland",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attested in Lesser Poland, Sieradz-Łęczyca) protection, care, custody",
"The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include:"
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Greater Poland Old Polish",
"Lesser Poland Old Polish",
"Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"Old Polish terms with quotations",
"Old Polish terms with uncertain meaning",
"Sieradz-Łęczyca Old Polish"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1908 [c. 1500], Bolesław Erzepki, editor, Przyczynki do średniowiecznego słownictwa polskiego. I. Glosy polskie wpisane do łacińsko-niemieckiego słownika drukowanego w roku 1490, Lubiń, page 54:",
"text": "Patrocinium obrona, kyermasz",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "c. 1500, Wokabularz lubiński, Lubiń: inkunabuł Archiwum Archidiecezjalnego w Gnieźnie, sygn. Inc. 78d., page 96v:",
"text": "Patrocinium […] id est defensio beschirmung obrona kyermasz",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"protection, care, custody",
"The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include:",
"patron saint's care over a church"
],
"links": [
[
"protection",
"protection"
],
[
"care",
"care"
],
[
"custody",
"custody"
],
[
"patron saint",
"patron saint"
],
[
"church",
"church"
]
],
"qualifier": "attested in Lesser Poland; attested in Greater Poland; attested in Greater Poland",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attested in Lesser Poland, Sieradz-Łęczyca) protection, care, custody",
"The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include:",
"(attested in Greater Poland) patron saint's care over a church"
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"Old Polish terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1930 [c. 1455], “Num”, in Ludwik Bernacki, editor, Biblia królowej Zofii (Biblia szaroszpatacka), 14, 9:",
"text": "Odesla iest od nich wszitka obrona (recessit ab eis omne praesidium), a s nami iest bog",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"defender"
],
"links": [
[
"defender",
"defender"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively) defender"
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"figuratively"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Greater Poland Old Polish",
"Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"Old Polish terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1884 [c. 1455-1460], “Die Magdeburger Urtheile. Ein Deutschen Rechtes in polnischer Sprache aus der Mitte des XV Jahrhunderts”, in Aleksander Brückner, editor, Archiv für slavische Philologie, pages 65, 2:",
"text": "Gdysz thy pyenadze gescze nygdy w gego obroną przyszly, azaly ty pyenadze nye podobnyey przydą gey dzeczem, nyszly gey mazowy",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"english": "History of Slavic lawmaking",
"ref": "1858 [c. 1408], Wojciech Szurkowski z Ponieca, “Wyroki sądów miejskich czyli ortyle [Urban court rulings i.e. \"Ortyls\"]”, in Wacław Aleksander Maciejowski, editor, Historia prawodawstw słowiańskich [History of Slavic lawmaking], volume 6, Poniec, page 111:",
"text": "Gdysz gy na szlub wolno wypusczyl szwego dzyerzenya albo obrony, szlowye sz yaczthwa",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"possession, management"
],
"links": [
[
"possession",
"possession"
],
[
"management",
"management"
]
],
"qualifier": "attested in Greater Poland",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attested in Greater Poland) possession, management"
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Greater Poland Old Polish",
"Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"Old Polish terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "History of Slavic lawmaking",
"ref": "1858 [c. 1408], Wojciech Szurkowski z Ponieca, “Wyroki sądów miejskich czyli ortyle [Urban court rulings i.e. \"Ortyls\"]”, in Wacław Aleksander Maciejowski, editor, Historia prawodawstw słowiańskich [History of Slavic lawmaking], volume 6, Poniec, page 134:",
"text": "Acz ma zona besz mey wolyey y wyedzenya klucze komv podala, azalyby thym kto mogl moyą obroną tego gymyenya szkazycz?",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"possession, management",
"right to possession or management"
],
"links": [
[
"possession",
"possession"
],
[
"management",
"management"
],
[
"right",
"right"
]
],
"qualifier": "attested in Greater Poland",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attested in Greater Poland) possession, management",
"(attested in Greater Poland) right to possession or management"
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"Old Polish terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1901 [1471], Materiały i Prace Komisji Językowej Akademii Umiejętności w Krakowie, volume V, page 40:",
"text": "Na obroną in fastigio porte (speculator vero, qui erat in fastigio portae super murum, elevans oculos vidit hominem currentem solum II Reg 18, 24)",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"corruption of brona (“gate”)"
],
"links": [
[
"brona",
"brona#Old_Polish"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɔbrɔna/",
"note": "10ᵗʰ–15ᵗʰ CE"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɔbrɔna/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE"
}
],
"word": "obrona"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Polish 3-syllable words",
"Polish deverbals",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish feminine nouns",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish links with manual fragments",
"Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"Polish nouns",
"Polish terms derived from Old Polish",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Polish terms inherited from Old Polish",
"Polish terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with audio pronunciation",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɔna",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɔna/3 syllables"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "obronny"
},
{
"word": "obrona cywilna"
},
{
"word": "obrona Częstochowy"
},
{
"word": "obrona konieczna"
},
{
"word": "obrona sycylijska"
},
{
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "stanąć w obronie"
},
{
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "stawać w obronie"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"inh": "1"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "obrona",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old Polish obrona",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "obrona"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old Polish obrona",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "+deverbal",
"2": "pl",
"3": "obronić"
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, deverbal from obronić",
"name": "surf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old Polish obrona. By surface analysis, deverbal from obronić.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-f",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "obrona",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "obrony",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "obrony",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "obron",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "obronie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "obronom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "obronę",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "obrony",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "obroną",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "obronami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "obronie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "obronach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "obrono",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "obrony",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "obrona f",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"o‧bro‧na"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-f"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"defence (act of defending)",
"defence (person defending)"
],
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": ":przed(ins)<against/from what>"
},
"expansion": "[with przed (+ instrumental) ‘against/from what’]",
"extra_data": {
"words": [
"przed",
"(+",
"instrumental)",
"‘against/from",
"what’"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"defence",
"defence"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"defence (act of defending) [with przed (+ instrumental) ‘against/from what’]",
"(figuratively) defence (person defending)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "obrońca"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"figuratively"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"defence (act of defending)",
"defence (that which protects or defends)"
],
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": ":przed(ins)<against/from what>"
},
"expansion": "[with przed (+ instrumental) ‘against/from what’]",
"extra_data": {
"words": [
"przed",
"(+",
"instrumental)",
"‘against/from",
"what’"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"defence",
"defence"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"defence (act of defending) [with przed (+ instrumental) ‘against/from what’]",
"(figuratively) defence (that which protects or defends)"
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"figuratively"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"defence (act of defending)",
"care; protection"
],
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": ":przed(ins)<against/from what>"
},
"expansion": "[with przed (+ instrumental) ‘against/from what’]",
"extra_data": {
"words": [
"przed",
"(+",
"instrumental)",
"‘against/from",
"what’"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"defence",
"defence"
],
[
"care",
"care"
],
[
"protection",
"protection"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"defence (act of defending) [with przed (+ instrumental) ‘against/from what’]",
"(obsolete) care; protection"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "opieka"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle Polish"
],
"glosses": [
"defence (act of defending)",
"prevention; medicine (medicine intended to defend the body)"
],
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": ":przed(ins)<against/from what>"
},
"expansion": "[with przed (+ instrumental) ‘against/from what’]",
"extra_data": {
"words": [
"przed",
"(+",
"instrumental)",
"‘against/from",
"what’"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"defence",
"defence"
],
[
"prevention",
"prevention"
],
[
"medicine",
"medicine"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"defence (act of defending) [with przed (+ instrumental) ‘against/from what’]",
"(Middle Polish) prevention; medicine (medicine intended to defend the body)"
],
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"defence (actions preventing to harm someone or something)"
],
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": ":przed(ins)<against/from what>"
},
"expansion": "[with przed (+ instrumental) ‘against/from what’]",
"extra_data": {
"words": [
"przed",
"(+",
"instrumental)",
"‘against/from",
"what’"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"defence",
"defence"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"defence (actions preventing to harm someone or something) [with przed (+ instrumental) ‘against/from what’]"
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"defence (argument in support or justification of something against criticism)"
],
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": ":przed(ins)<against/from what>"
},
"expansion": "[with przed (+ instrumental) ‘against/from what’]",
"extra_data": {
"words": [
"przed",
"(+",
"instrumental)",
"‘against/from",
"what’"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"defence",
"defence"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"defence (argument in support or justification of something against criticism) [with przed (+ instrumental) ‘against/from what’]"
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"defence (argument in support or justification of something against criticism)",
"excuse"
],
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": ":przed(ins)<against/from what>"
},
"expansion": "[with przed (+ instrumental) ‘against/from what’]",
"extra_data": {
"words": [
"przed",
"(+",
"instrumental)",
"‘against/from",
"what’"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"defence",
"defence"
],
[
"excuse",
"excuse"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"defence (argument in support or justification of something against criticism) [with przed (+ instrumental) ‘against/from what’]",
"(obsolete) excuse"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "wymówka"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"pl:Law"
],
"glosses": [
"defence (presenting of redeeming evidence or arguments in court)"
],
"links": [
[
"law",
"law#English"
],
[
"defence",
"defence"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(law) defence (presenting of redeeming evidence or arguments in court)"
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"topics": [
"law"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"pl:Law"
],
"glosses": [
"defence (presenting of redeeming evidence or arguments in court)",
"defence (person presenting such evidence)"
],
"links": [
[
"law",
"law#English"
],
[
"defence",
"defence"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(law) defence (presenting of redeeming evidence or arguments in court)",
"defence (person presenting such evidence)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "adwokat"
},
{
"word": "mecenas"
},
{
"word": "obrońca"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"topics": [
"law"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"pl:Sports"
],
"glosses": [
"defence (strategy and tactics employed to prevent the other team from scoring)"
],
"links": [
[
"sports",
"sports"
],
[
"defence",
"defence"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(sports) defence (strategy and tactics employed to prevent the other team from scoring)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "defensywa"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"topics": [
"hobbies",
"lifestyle",
"sports"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"pl:Sports"
],
"glosses": [
"defence (strategy and tactics employed to prevent the other team from scoring)",
"defence (portion of a team dedicated to preventing the other team from scoring)"
],
"links": [
[
"sports",
"sports"
],
[
"defence",
"defence"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(sports) defence (strategy and tactics employed to prevent the other team from scoring)",
"defence (portion of a team dedicated to preventing the other team from scoring)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "defensywa"
},
{
"word": "defensywa"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"topics": [
"hobbies",
"lifestyle",
"sports"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"pl:Sports"
],
"glosses": [
"defence (repeating an achieved success in sports competitions)"
],
"links": [
[
"sports",
"sports"
],
[
"defence",
"defence"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(sports) defence (repeating an achieved success in sports competitions)"
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"topics": [
"hobbies",
"lifestyle",
"sports"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"pl:Education"
],
"glosses": [
"defence (exam related to a work entitling one to obtain a specific title)"
],
"links": [
[
"education",
"education"
],
[
"defence",
"defence"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(education) defence (exam related to a work entitling one to obtain a specific title)"
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"topics": [
"education"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"pl:Boxing",
"pl:Fencing"
],
"glosses": [
"defence (tactics used to avoid being hit)"
],
"links": [
[
"boxing",
"boxing#Noun"
],
[
"fencing",
"fencing#Noun"
],
[
"defence",
"defence"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(boxing, fencing) defence (tactics used to avoid being hit)"
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"topics": [
"boxing",
"fencing",
"government",
"hobbies",
"lifestyle",
"martial-arts",
"military",
"politics",
"sports",
"war"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"pl:Chess"
],
"glosses": [
"defence (tactics used to avoid losing pieces)"
],
"links": [
[
"chess",
"chess"
],
[
"defence",
"defence"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(chess) defence (tactics used to avoid losing pieces)"
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"topics": [
"board-games",
"chess",
"games"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"defence (part of the military intended for defence)"
],
"links": [
[
"defence",
"defence"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(mlitary) defence (part of the military intended for defence)"
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"defensive building (any building intended for defence)"
],
"links": [
[
"defensive",
"defensive"
],
[
"building",
"building"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) defensive building (any building intended for defence)"
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle Polish",
"Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"Polish terms with quotations",
"Polish terms with uncertain meaning"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1564, J. Mączyński, Lexicon, page 80a:",
"text": "Defensio, Obroná.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1588, A. Calepinus, Dictionarium decem linguarum, page 839b:",
"text": "Praesidiarius – Ten ktori dlia obroni ieſt",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"defence; Further details are uncertain."
],
"links": [
[
"defence",
"defence"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Middle Polish) defence; Further details are uncertain."
],
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish",
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɔˈbrɔ.na/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɔˈbrɔ.na/",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔna"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"pl:Ida Kurcz"
],
"word": "obrona"
}
Download raw JSONL data for obrona meaning in All languages combined (20.3kB)
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: attested in Lesser Poland, Sieradz-Łęczyca",
"path": [
"obrona"
],
"section": "Old Polish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "obrona",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: attested in Lesser Poland, Sieradz-Łęczyca",
"path": [
"obrona"
],
"section": "Old Polish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "obrona",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: mlitary",
"path": [
"obrona"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "obrona",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: mlitary",
"path": [
"obrona"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "obrona",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-20 using wiktextract (c15a5ce and 5c11237). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.