See kum in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_number": 1,
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},
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{
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"4": "",
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"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
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"ts": ""
},
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},
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"forms": [
{
"form": "kuma",
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "kumoszka",
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "kumola",
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"dialectal",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
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"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun\n",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
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},
{
"form": "kum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kumowie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kuma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kumów",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kumowi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kumom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kuma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kumów",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kumem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kumami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kumie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kumach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kumie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kumowie",
"source": "declension",
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"plural",
"vocative"
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}
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{
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"f": "kuma",
"f2": "kumoszka",
"f3": "kumola<q:dialectal>"
},
"expansion": "kum m pers (female equivalent kuma or kumoszka or (dialectal) kumola)",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"kum"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
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"10": "kumami",
"11": "kumie",
"12": "kumach",
"13": "kumie",
"14": "kumowie",
"2": "kumowie",
"3": "kuma",
"4": "kumów",
"5": "kumowi",
"6": "kumom",
"7": "kuma",
"8": "kumów",
"9": "kumem"
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}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "3 4 3 4 14 13 14 10 13 15 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 15 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 4 4 4 14 13 14 10 13 16 4",
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"source": "w+disamb"
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{
"_dis": "52 48",
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"Entry maintenance"
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{
"_dis": "50 50",
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"Entry maintenance"
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},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
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"Entry maintenance"
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},
{
"_dis": "9 66 13 12",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Christianity",
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"Abrahamism",
"Religion",
"Culture",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 62 20 9",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Male family members",
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"parents": [
"Family members",
"Male people",
"Family",
"Male",
"People",
"Gender",
"Human",
"Biology",
"Psychology",
"Sociology",
"All topics",
"Sciences",
"Social sciences",
"Fundamental",
"Society"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 66 22 9",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "pl",
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"Biology",
"Psychology",
"Sociology",
"All topics",
"Sciences",
"Social sciences",
"Fundamental",
"Society"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"godfather"
],
"id": "en-kum-pl-noun-pVsBU~2~",
"links": [
[
"godfather",
"godfather"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"person"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "3 4 3 4 14 13 14 10 13 15 3",
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{
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}
],
"glosses": [
"chum"
],
"id": "en-kum-pl-noun-8Z8eyS~A",
"links": [
[
"chum",
"chum"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(colloquial) chum"
],
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"masculine",
"person"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkum/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-um"
}
],
"word": "kum"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
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{
"args": {
"1": "pl"
},
"expansion": "Onomatopoeic",
"name": "onom"
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],
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"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
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"2": "interjection"
},
"expansion": "kum",
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"kum"
],
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"lang_code": "pl",
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{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "3 4 3 4 14 13 14 10 13 15 3",
"kind": "other",
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{
"_dis": "4 4 4 4 14 13 14 10 13 16 4",
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},
{
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},
{
"_dis": "58 15 14 13",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Animal sounds",
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"Sounds",
"Vocalizations",
"Sound",
"Communication",
"Energy",
"All topics",
"Nature",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"ribbit"
],
"id": "en-kum-pl-intj-wv3nNz~v",
"links": [
[
"ribbit",
"ribbit"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkum/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-um"
}
],
"word": "kum"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
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"args": {},
"expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"name": "nonlemma"
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"2": "noun form",
"g": "f"
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"expansion": "kum f",
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"kum"
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
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{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "3 4 3 4 14 13 14 10 13 15 3",
"kind": "other",
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"_dis": "4 4 4 4 14 13 14 10 13 16 4",
"kind": "other",
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"_dis": "19 25 25 32",
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"Entry maintenance"
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}
],
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{
"word": "kuma"
}
],
"glosses": [
"genitive plural of kuma"
],
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"links": [
[
"kuma",
"kuma#Polish"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"form-of",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkum/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-um"
}
],
"word": "kum"
}
{
"categories": [
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"Pages with entries",
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"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish links with manual fragments",
"Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"Polish masculine nouns",
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"Polish noun forms",
"Polish nouns",
"Polish personal nouns",
"Polish terms derived from Latin",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Polish terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with audio pronunciation",
"Rhymes:Polish/um",
"Rhymes:Polish/um/1 syllable",
"pl:Animal sounds",
"pl:Christianity",
"pl:Male family members",
"pl:Male people"
],
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{
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"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
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},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *kumъ",
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},
{
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},
{
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"1": "pl",
"2": "la",
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},
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}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kumъ, from earlier *kъmotrъ, from Latin compater.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kuma",
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "kumoszka",
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "kumola",
"tags": [
"dialectal",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun\n",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "kum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kumowie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kuma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kumów",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kumowi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kumom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kuma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kumów",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kumem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kumami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kumie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kumach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kumie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kumowie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
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"f": "kuma",
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},
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"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"kum"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kum",
"10": "kumami",
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"14": "kumowie",
"2": "kumowie",
"3": "kuma",
"4": "kumów",
"5": "kumowi",
"6": "kumom",
"7": "kuma",
"8": "kumów",
"9": "kumem"
},
"name": "pl-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"godfather"
],
"links": [
[
"godfather",
"godfather"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"person"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish colloquialisms"
],
"glosses": [
"chum"
],
"links": [
[
"chum",
"chum"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(colloquial) chum"
],
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"masculine",
"person"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkum/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-um"
}
],
"word": "kum"
}
{
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"Polish 1-syllable words",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
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"Polish lemmas",
"Polish non-lemma forms",
"Polish noun forms",
"Polish onomatopoeias",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with audio pronunciation",
"Rhymes:Polish/um",
"Rhymes:Polish/um/1 syllable",
"pl:Animal sounds",
"pl:Christianity",
"pl:Male family members",
"pl:Male people"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
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{
"args": {
"1": "pl"
},
"expansion": "Onomatopoeic",
"name": "onom"
}
],
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"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "interjection"
},
"expansion": "kum",
"name": "head"
}
],
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"kum"
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "intj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"ribbit"
],
"links": [
[
"ribbit",
"ribbit"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkum/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-um"
}
],
"word": "kum"
}
{
"categories": [
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"Polish 1-syllable words",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
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"Polish noun forms",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with audio pronunciation",
"Rhymes:Polish/um",
"Rhymes:Polish/um/1 syllable",
"pl:Animal sounds",
"pl:Christianity",
"pl:Male family members",
"pl:Male people"
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"name": "nonlemma"
}
],
"etymology_text": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "noun form",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "kum f",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"kum"
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "kuma"
}
],
"glosses": [
"genitive plural of kuma"
],
"links": [
[
"kuma",
"kuma#Polish"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"form-of",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkum/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-um"
}
],
"word": "kum"
}
Download raw JSONL data for kum meaning in Polish (5.6kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Polish dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-20 using wiktextract (c15a5ce and 5c11237). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.