See kum in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for kum meaning in Polish (6.3kB)
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*kumъ",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *kumъ",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*kumъ"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kumъ",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "la",
"3": "compater"
},
"expansion": "Latin compater",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kumъ, from earlier *kъmotrъ, from Latin compater.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun\n",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "kum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kumowie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kuma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kumów",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kumowi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kumom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kuma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kumów",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kumem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kumami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kumie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kumach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kumie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kumowie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-pr"
},
"expansion": "kum m pers",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"kum"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kum",
"10": "kumami",
"11": "kumie",
"12": "kumach",
"13": "kumie",
"14": "kumowie",
"2": "kumowie",
"3": "kuma",
"4": "kumów",
"5": "kumowi",
"6": "kumom",
"7": "kuma",
"8": "kumów",
"9": "kumem"
},
"name": "pl-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "18 28 29 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "51 49",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with manual fragments",
"parents": [
"Links with manual fragments",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 69 20 8",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Male people",
"orig": "pl:Male people",
"parents": [
"Male",
"People",
"Gender",
"Human",
"Biology",
"Psychology",
"Sociology",
"All topics",
"Sciences",
"Social sciences",
"Fundamental",
"Society"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"godfather"
],
"id": "en-kum-pl-noun-pVsBU~2~",
"links": [
[
"godfather",
"godfather"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"person"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "18 28 29 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "51 49",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with manual fragments",
"parents": [
"Links with manual fragments",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"chum"
],
"id": "en-kum-pl-noun-8Z8eyS~A",
"links": [
[
"chum",
"chum"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(colloquial) chum"
],
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"masculine",
"person"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kum/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-um"
}
],
"word": "kum"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl"
},
"expansion": "Onomatopoeic",
"name": "onom"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Onomatopoeic.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "interjection"
},
"expansion": "kum",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"kum"
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "intj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "18 28 29 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish onomatopoeias",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "65 13 12 10",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Animal sounds",
"orig": "pl:Animal sounds",
"parents": [
"Sounds",
"Vocalizations",
"Sound",
"Communication",
"Energy",
"All topics",
"Nature",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"ribbit"
],
"id": "en-kum-pl-intj-wv3nNz~v",
"links": [
[
"ribbit",
"ribbit"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kum/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-um"
}
],
"word": "kum"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"name": "nonlemma"
}
],
"etymology_text": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "noun form",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "kum f",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"kum"
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "18 28 29 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "kuma"
}
],
"glosses": [
"genitive plural of kuma"
],
"id": "en-kum-pl-noun-MUa4uVz8",
"links": [
[
"kuma",
"kuma#Polish"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"form-of",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kum/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-um"
}
],
"word": "kum"
}
{
"categories": [
"Polish 1-syllable words",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish links with manual fragments",
"Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"Polish masculine nouns",
"Polish non-lemma forms",
"Polish noun forms",
"Polish nouns",
"Polish personal nouns",
"Polish terms derived from Latin",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Polish terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with audio links",
"Rhymes:Polish/um",
"Rhymes:Polish/um/1 syllable",
"pl:Animal sounds",
"pl:Male people"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*kumъ",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *kumъ",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*kumъ"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kumъ",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "la",
"3": "compater"
},
"expansion": "Latin compater",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kumъ, from earlier *kъmotrъ, from Latin compater.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun\n",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "kum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kumowie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kuma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kumów",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kumowi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kumom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kuma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kumów",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kumem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kumami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kumie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kumach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kumie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kumowie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-pr"
},
"expansion": "kum m pers",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"kum"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kum",
"10": "kumami",
"11": "kumie",
"12": "kumach",
"13": "kumie",
"14": "kumowie",
"2": "kumowie",
"3": "kuma",
"4": "kumów",
"5": "kumowi",
"6": "kumom",
"7": "kuma",
"8": "kumów",
"9": "kumem"
},
"name": "pl-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"godfather"
],
"links": [
[
"godfather",
"godfather"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"person"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish colloquialisms"
],
"glosses": [
"chum"
],
"links": [
[
"chum",
"chum"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(colloquial) chum"
],
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"masculine",
"person"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kum/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-um"
}
],
"word": "kum"
}
{
"categories": [
"Polish 1-syllable words",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish interjections",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish non-lemma forms",
"Polish noun forms",
"Polish onomatopoeias",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with audio links",
"Rhymes:Polish/um",
"Rhymes:Polish/um/1 syllable",
"pl:Animal sounds",
"pl:Male people"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl"
},
"expansion": "Onomatopoeic",
"name": "onom"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Onomatopoeic.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "interjection"
},
"expansion": "kum",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"kum"
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "intj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"ribbit"
],
"links": [
[
"ribbit",
"ribbit"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kum/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-um"
}
],
"word": "kum"
}
{
"categories": [
"Polish 1-syllable words",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish non-lemma forms",
"Polish noun forms",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with audio links",
"Rhymes:Polish/um",
"Rhymes:Polish/um/1 syllable",
"pl:Animal sounds",
"pl:Male people"
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"name": "nonlemma"
}
],
"etymology_text": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "noun form",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "kum f",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"kum"
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "kuma"
}
],
"glosses": [
"genitive plural of kuma"
],
"links": [
[
"kuma",
"kuma#Polish"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"form-of",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kum/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-um"
}
],
"word": "kum"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Polish dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-22 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (fc4f0c7 and c937495). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.