"cel" meaning in Polish

See cel in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

IPA: /t͡sɛl/, /ˈt͡sel/ [Middle, Polish]
Rhymes: -ɛl Etymology: Inherited from Old Polish cel. Compare German Ziel. Etymology templates: {{dercat|pl|zlw-ocs|gmh|goh|gmw-pro|gem-pro}}, {{glossary|Inherited}} Inherited, {{inh|pl|zlw-opl|cel|||g=|g2=|g3=|id=|lit=|nocat=|pos=|sc=|sort=|tr=|ts=}} Old Polish cel, {{inh+|pl|zlw-opl|cel}} Inherited from Old Polish cel, {{cog|de|Ziel}} German Ziel Head templates: {{pl-noun|m-in}} cel m inan Inflection templates: {{pl-decl-noun-m-in|ce|l|u||celów}} Forms: no-table-tags [table-tags], cel [nominative, singular], cele [nominative, plural], celu [genitive, singular], celi [genitive, plural], celów [genitive, plural], celowi [dative, singular], celom [dative, plural], cel [accusative, singular], cele [accusative, plural], celem [instrumental, singular], celami [instrumental, plural], celu [locative, singular], celach [locative, plural], celu [singular, vocative], cele [plural, vocative]
  1. goal, aim, objective, target (that which one attempts to achieve) Tags: inanimate, masculine
    Sense id: en-cel-pl-noun-iG2We5C0
  2. target (butt or mark to shoot at, as for practice, or to test the accuracy of a firearm, or the force of a projectile) Tags: inanimate, masculine
    Sense id: en-cel-pl-noun-G1Sia3Zr
  3. target, aim (person or object that is the focus of one's actions) Tags: inanimate, masculine
    Sense id: en-cel-pl-noun-srR0gfNb
  4. goal, aim, objective; destination (place where one would like to go) Tags: inanimate, masculine
    Sense id: en-cel-pl-noun-kSkBB3T7
  5. (archaic, firearms) foresight (front sight of a rifle) Tags: archaic, inanimate, masculine Categories (topical): Firearms Synonyms: muszka
  6. (Middle Polish) end point, borderline Tags: Middle, Polish, inanimate, masculine
    Sense id: en-cel-pl-noun-Rmgudrmj Categories (other): Middle Polish, Polish entries with incorrect language header, Polish links with manual fragments, Polish links with redundant alt parameters, Polish links with redundant wikilinks Disambiguation of Polish entries with incorrect language header: 3 4 4 8 6 23 10 9 13 9 10 2 Disambiguation of Polish links with manual fragments: 6 5 6 8 8 19 11 9 11 8 10 Disambiguation of Polish links with redundant alt parameters: 8 4 8 10 4 20 9 8 11 8 9 Disambiguation of Polish links with redundant wikilinks: 8 4 8 10 4 20 9 8 11 8 9
  7. (Middle Polish) deadline Tags: Middle, Polish, inanimate, masculine Synonyms: termin
    Sense id: en-cel-pl-noun-38ius5go Categories (other): Middle Polish
  8. (Middle Polish) racetrack; stadium Tags: Middle, Polish, inanimate, masculine
    Sense id: en-cel-pl-noun-wGrj-i1c Categories (other): Middle Polish
  9. (Middle Polish) measuring instrument for determining the direction of a straight line Tags: Middle, Polish, inanimate, masculine
    Sense id: en-cel-pl-noun-B4on-51V Categories (other): Middle Polish, Polish requests for English equivalent term
  10. (Middle Polish) respect Tags: Middle, Polish, inanimate, masculine Synonyms: poważanie, szacunek
    Sense id: en-cel-pl-noun-DD4BUAnl Categories (other): Middle Polish
  11. (Middle Polish) abyss Tags: Middle, Polish, inanimate, masculine Synonyms: przepaść
    Sense id: en-cel-pl-noun-DgYuTC7k Categories (other): Middle Polish
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: cyl, czel [Middle, Polish] Derived forms: celowy, cel! pal!, celownik, celować [imperfective], wycelować [perfective], minąć się z celem [perfective], mijać się z celem [imperfective], wziąć na cel [perfective], brać na cel [imperfective] Related terms: bezcelowy, celownikowy, celowościowy, bezcelowo, celownikowo, celowo, bezcelowość, celowość
Etymology number: 1

Noun

IPA: /t͡sɛl/, /ˈt͡sel/ [Middle, Polish]
Rhymes: -ɛl Etymology: See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form. Etymology templates: {{nonlemma}} See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form. Head templates: {{head|pl|noun form|g=f}} cel f
  1. genitive plural of cela Tags: feminine, form-of, genitive, plural Form of: cela
    Sense id: en-cel-pl-noun-AtWl9sgw
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 2

Inflected forms

Alternative forms

Download JSON data for cel meaning in Polish (9.9kB)

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "celowy"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "cel! pal!"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "celownik"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "celować"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "wycelować"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "minąć się z celem"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "mijać się z celem"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "wziąć na cel"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "brać na cel"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "eo",
            "2": "celo",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Esperanto: celo",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Esperanto: celo"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "csb",
            "2": "cél",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Kashubian: cél",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Kashubian: cél"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ru",
            "2": "цель",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Russian: цель (celʹ)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Russian: цель (celʹ)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "uk",
            "2": "ціль",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Ukrainian: ціль (cilʹ)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Ukrainian: ціль (cilʹ)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "zlw-ocs",
        "3": "gmh",
        "4": "goh",
        "5": "gmw-pro",
        "6": "gem-pro"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "dercat"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "zlw-opl",
        "3": "cel",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Old Polish cel",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "zlw-opl",
        "3": "cel"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Old Polish cel",
      "name": "inh+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "Ziel"
      },
      "expansion": "German Ziel",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Old Polish cel. Compare German Ziel.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pl-decl-noun-m-in",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cel",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cele",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "celu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "celi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "celów",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "celowi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "celom",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cel",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cele",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "celem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "celami",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "celu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "celach",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "celu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cele",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "m-in"
      },
      "expansion": "cel m inan",
      "name": "pl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "cel"
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ce",
        "2": "l",
        "3": "u",
        "4": "",
        "5": "celów"
      },
      "name": "pl-decl-noun-m-in"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Polish",
  "lang_code": "pl",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "bezcelowy"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "celownikowy"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "celowościowy"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "bezcelowo"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "celownikowo"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "celowo"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "bezcelowość"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "celowość"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "goal, aim, objective, target (that which one attempts to achieve)"
      ],
      "id": "en-cel-pl-noun-iG2We5C0",
      "links": [
        [
          "goal",
          "goal"
        ],
        [
          "aim",
          "aim"
        ],
        [
          "objective",
          "objective"
        ],
        [
          "target",
          "target"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "inanimate",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "target (butt or mark to shoot at, as for practice, or to test the accuracy of a firearm, or the force of a projectile)"
      ],
      "id": "en-cel-pl-noun-G1Sia3Zr",
      "links": [
        [
          "target",
          "target"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "inanimate",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "target, aim (person or object that is the focus of one's actions)"
      ],
      "id": "en-cel-pl-noun-srR0gfNb",
      "links": [
        [
          "target",
          "target"
        ],
        [
          "aim",
          "aim"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "inanimate",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "goal, aim, objective; destination (place where one would like to go)"
      ],
      "id": "en-cel-pl-noun-kSkBB3T7",
      "links": [
        [
          "goal",
          "goal"
        ],
        [
          "aim",
          "aim"
        ],
        [
          "objective",
          "objective"
        ],
        [
          "destination",
          "destination"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "inanimate",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "pl",
          "name": "Firearms",
          "orig": "pl:Firearms",
          "parents": [
            "Weapons",
            "Hunting",
            "Military",
            "Tools",
            "Human activity",
            "Society",
            "Technology",
            "Human behaviour",
            "All topics",
            "Human",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "foresight (front sight of a rifle)"
      ],
      "id": "en-cel-pl-noun-3vmXw9iQ",
      "links": [
        [
          "firearm",
          "firearm"
        ],
        [
          "foresight",
          "foresight"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(archaic, firearms) foresight (front sight of a rifle)"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "muszka"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "inanimate",
        "masculine"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "engineering",
        "firearms",
        "government",
        "military",
        "natural-sciences",
        "physical-sciences",
        "politics",
        "tools",
        "war",
        "weaponry"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle Polish",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "3 4 4 8 6 23 10 9 13 9 10 2",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "6 5 6 8 8 19 11 9 11 8 10",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Polish links with manual fragments",
          "parents": [
            "Links with manual fragments",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "8 4 8 10 4 20 9 8 11 8 9",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant alt parameters",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "8 4 8 10 4 20 9 8 11 8 9",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant wikilinks",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "end point, borderline"
      ],
      "id": "en-cel-pl-noun-Rmgudrmj",
      "links": [
        [
          "end",
          "end"
        ],
        [
          "borderline",
          "borderline"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(Middle Polish) end point, borderline"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Middle",
        "Polish",
        "inanimate",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle Polish",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "deadline"
      ],
      "id": "en-cel-pl-noun-38ius5go",
      "links": [
        [
          "deadline",
          "deadline"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(Middle Polish) deadline"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "termin"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Middle",
        "Polish",
        "inanimate",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle Polish",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "racetrack; stadium"
      ],
      "id": "en-cel-pl-noun-wGrj-i1c",
      "links": [
        [
          "racetrack",
          "racetrack"
        ],
        [
          "stadium",
          "stadium"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(Middle Polish) racetrack; stadium"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Middle",
        "Polish",
        "inanimate",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle Polish",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Polish requests for English equivalent term",
          "parents": [
            "Requests for English equivalent term",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "measuring instrument for determining the direction of a straight line"
      ],
      "id": "en-cel-pl-noun-B4on-51V",
      "links": [
        [
          "measuring",
          "measuring"
        ],
        [
          "instrument",
          "instrument"
        ],
        [
          "determining",
          "determine"
        ],
        [
          "direction",
          "direction"
        ],
        [
          "straight",
          "straight"
        ],
        [
          "line",
          "line"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(Middle Polish) measuring instrument for determining the direction of a straight line"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Middle",
        "Polish",
        "inanimate",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle Polish",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "respect"
      ],
      "id": "en-cel-pl-noun-DD4BUAnl",
      "links": [
        [
          "respect",
          "respect"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(Middle Polish) respect"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "poważanie"
        },
        {
          "word": "szacunek"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Middle",
        "Polish",
        "inanimate",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle Polish",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "abyss"
      ],
      "id": "en-cel-pl-noun-DgYuTC7k",
      "links": [
        [
          "abyss",
          "abyss"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(Middle Polish) abyss"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "przepaść"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Middle",
        "Polish",
        "inanimate",
        "masculine"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sɛl/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈt͡sel/",
      "tags": [
        "Middle",
        "Polish"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɛl"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "cyl"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Middle",
        "Polish"
      ],
      "word": "czel"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "pl:Ida Kurcz"
  ],
  "word": "cel"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
      "name": "nonlemma"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "noun form",
        "g": "f"
      },
      "expansion": "cel f",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "cel"
  ],
  "lang": "Polish",
  "lang_code": "pl",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "form_of": [
        {
          "word": "cela"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "genitive plural of cela"
      ],
      "id": "en-cel-pl-noun-AtWl9sgw",
      "links": [
        [
          "cela",
          "cela#Polish"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "form-of",
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sɛl/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈt͡sel/",
      "tags": [
        "Middle",
        "Polish"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɛl"
    }
  ],
  "word": "cel"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Polish 1-syllable words",
    "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
    "Polish inanimate nouns",
    "Polish lemmas",
    "Polish links with manual fragments",
    "Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
    "Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
    "Polish masculine nouns",
    "Polish non-lemma forms",
    "Polish noun forms",
    "Polish nouns",
    "Polish terms derived from Middle High German",
    "Polish terms derived from Old Czech",
    "Polish terms derived from Old High German",
    "Polish terms derived from Old Polish",
    "Polish terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
    "Polish terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
    "Polish terms inherited from Old Polish",
    "Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Polish terms with audio links",
    "Rhymes:Polish/ɛl",
    "Rhymes:Polish/ɛl/1 syllable"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "celowy"
    },
    {
      "word": "cel! pal!"
    },
    {
      "word": "celownik"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "celować"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "wycelować"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "minąć się z celem"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "mijać się z celem"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "wziąć na cel"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "brać na cel"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "eo",
            "2": "celo",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Esperanto: celo",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Esperanto: celo"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "csb",
            "2": "cél",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Kashubian: cél",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Kashubian: cél"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ru",
            "2": "цель",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Russian: цель (celʹ)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Russian: цель (celʹ)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "uk",
            "2": "ціль",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Ukrainian: ціль (cilʹ)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Ukrainian: ціль (cilʹ)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "zlw-ocs",
        "3": "gmh",
        "4": "goh",
        "5": "gmw-pro",
        "6": "gem-pro"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "dercat"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "zlw-opl",
        "3": "cel",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Old Polish cel",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "zlw-opl",
        "3": "cel"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Old Polish cel",
      "name": "inh+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "Ziel"
      },
      "expansion": "German Ziel",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Old Polish cel. Compare German Ziel.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pl-decl-noun-m-in",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cel",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cele",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "celu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "celi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "celów",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "celowi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "celom",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cel",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cele",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "celem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "celami",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "celu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "celach",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "celu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cele",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "m-in"
      },
      "expansion": "cel m inan",
      "name": "pl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "cel"
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ce",
        "2": "l",
        "3": "u",
        "4": "",
        "5": "celów"
      },
      "name": "pl-decl-noun-m-in"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Polish",
  "lang_code": "pl",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "bezcelowy"
    },
    {
      "word": "celownikowy"
    },
    {
      "word": "celowościowy"
    },
    {
      "word": "bezcelowo"
    },
    {
      "word": "celownikowo"
    },
    {
      "word": "celowo"
    },
    {
      "word": "bezcelowość"
    },
    {
      "word": "celowość"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "goal, aim, objective, target (that which one attempts to achieve)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "goal",
          "goal"
        ],
        [
          "aim",
          "aim"
        ],
        [
          "objective",
          "objective"
        ],
        [
          "target",
          "target"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "inanimate",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "target (butt or mark to shoot at, as for practice, or to test the accuracy of a firearm, or the force of a projectile)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "target",
          "target"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "inanimate",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "target, aim (person or object that is the focus of one's actions)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "target",
          "target"
        ],
        [
          "aim",
          "aim"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "inanimate",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "goal, aim, objective; destination (place where one would like to go)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "goal",
          "goal"
        ],
        [
          "aim",
          "aim"
        ],
        [
          "objective",
          "objective"
        ],
        [
          "destination",
          "destination"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "inanimate",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Polish terms with archaic senses",
        "pl:Firearms"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "foresight (front sight of a rifle)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "firearm",
          "firearm"
        ],
        [
          "foresight",
          "foresight"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(archaic, firearms) foresight (front sight of a rifle)"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "muszka"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "inanimate",
        "masculine"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "engineering",
        "firearms",
        "government",
        "military",
        "natural-sciences",
        "physical-sciences",
        "politics",
        "tools",
        "war",
        "weaponry"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Middle Polish"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "end point, borderline"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "end",
          "end"
        ],
        [
          "borderline",
          "borderline"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(Middle Polish) end point, borderline"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Middle",
        "Polish",
        "inanimate",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Middle Polish"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "deadline"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "deadline",
          "deadline"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(Middle Polish) deadline"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "termin"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Middle",
        "Polish",
        "inanimate",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Middle Polish"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "racetrack; stadium"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "racetrack",
          "racetrack"
        ],
        [
          "stadium",
          "stadium"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(Middle Polish) racetrack; stadium"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Middle",
        "Polish",
        "inanimate",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Middle Polish",
        "Polish requests for English equivalent term"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "measuring instrument for determining the direction of a straight line"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "measuring",
          "measuring"
        ],
        [
          "instrument",
          "instrument"
        ],
        [
          "determining",
          "determine"
        ],
        [
          "direction",
          "direction"
        ],
        [
          "straight",
          "straight"
        ],
        [
          "line",
          "line"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(Middle Polish) measuring instrument for determining the direction of a straight line"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Middle",
        "Polish",
        "inanimate",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Middle Polish"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "respect"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "respect",
          "respect"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(Middle Polish) respect"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "poważanie"
        },
        {
          "word": "szacunek"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Middle",
        "Polish",
        "inanimate",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Middle Polish"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "abyss"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "abyss",
          "abyss"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(Middle Polish) abyss"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "przepaść"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Middle",
        "Polish",
        "inanimate",
        "masculine"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sɛl/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈt͡sel/",
      "tags": [
        "Middle",
        "Polish"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɛl"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "word": "cyl"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Middle",
        "Polish"
      ],
      "word": "czel"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "pl:Ida Kurcz"
  ],
  "word": "cel"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Polish 1-syllable words",
    "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
    "Polish non-lemma forms",
    "Polish noun forms",
    "Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Polish terms with audio links",
    "Rhymes:Polish/ɛl",
    "Rhymes:Polish/ɛl/1 syllable"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
      "name": "nonlemma"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "noun form",
        "g": "f"
      },
      "expansion": "cel f",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "cel"
  ],
  "lang": "Polish",
  "lang_code": "pl",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "form_of": [
        {
          "word": "cela"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "genitive plural of cela"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "cela",
          "cela#Polish"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "form-of",
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sɛl/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈt͡sel/",
      "tags": [
        "Middle",
        "Polish"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɛl"
    }
  ],
  "word": "cel"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Polish dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-22 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (fc4f0c7 and c937495). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.