See خویش in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "pal",
"3": "NPŠE"
},
"expansion": "Middle Persian NPŠE",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "peo",
"tr": "ʰuvāipašiyam"
},
"expansion": "Old Persian [script needed] (ʰuvāipašiyam)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "ira-pro",
"3": "*hwaypaθyah"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian *hwaypaθyah",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "peo",
"tr": "huva"
},
"expansion": "Old Persian [script needed] (huva)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "ira-pro",
"3": "*hwáh"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian *hwáh",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "iir-pro",
"3": "*swás",
"4": "",
"5": "reflexive pronoun"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian *swás (“reflexive pronoun”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*swé",
"4": "*swós"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *swós",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "خْوَد"
},
"expansion": "xwad /xod",
"name": "fa-xlit"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "خود",
"t": "self",
"tr": "xwad /xod"
},
"expansion": "Persian خود (xwad /xod, “self”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Persian NPŠE / 𐭭𐭯𐭱𐭤 (xwēš), from Old Persian [script needed] (ʰuvāipašiyam), a compound from Proto-Iranian *hwaypaθyah, with the phonetic change resulting in unattested but assumed Middle Persian *xwēbš > xwēš.\nThe first element of the compound is akin to Old Persian [script needed] (huva), from Proto-Iranian *hwáh, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *swás (“reflexive pronoun”), from Proto-Indo-European *swós. (compare Persian خود (xwad /xod, “self”))",
"forms": [
{
"form": "xwēš",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "xiš",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "pronoun",
"tr": "xwēš /xiš"
},
"expansion": "خویش • (xwēš /xiš)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Persian",
"lang_code": "fa",
"pos": "pron",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Persian reflexive pronouns",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"oneself"
],
"id": "en-خویش-fa-pron-Or-vCyfx",
"links": [
[
"oneself",
"oneself"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(reflexive pronoun) oneself"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "خود"
}
],
"tags": [
"pronoun",
"reflexive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "53 0 47",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "54 0 46",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"one's own"
],
"id": "en-خویش-fa-pron-JPdkTCKi",
"links": [
[
"own",
"own"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(emphatic) one's own"
],
"tags": [
"emphatic"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[xʷeːʃ]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Persian"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[xeːʃ]",
"tags": [
"Dari",
"formal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[xeːʃ]",
"tags": [
"Dari",
"formal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[xeːʃ]",
"tags": [
"Kabuli"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[xeːʃ]",
"note": "Hazaragi"
},
{
"ipa": "[xiːʃ]",
"tags": [
"Iran",
"formal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[χeʃ]",
"tags": [
"Tajik",
"formal"
]
}
],
"word": "خویش"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "az",
"2": "xiş",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Azerbaijani: xiş",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Azerbaijani: xiş"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bn",
"2": "খেশ",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Bengali: খেশ (kheś)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Bengali: খেশ (kheś)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "chg",
"2": "خویش",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Chagatai: خویش",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Chagatai: خویش"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uz",
"2": "xesh"
},
"expansion": "Uzbek: xesh",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Uzbek: xesh"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-hnd",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Hindustani:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Hindustani:"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ur",
"2": "خویش",
"tr": "xeś"
},
"expansion": "Urdu: خویش (xeś)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Urdu: خویش (xeś)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ota",
"2": "خویش",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Ottoman Turkish: خویش",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Ottoman Turkish: خویش"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "hiş"
},
"expansion": "Turkish: hiş",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Turkish: hiş"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "pal",
"3": "NPŠE"
},
"expansion": "Middle Persian NPŠE",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "peo",
"tr": "ʰuvāipašiyam"
},
"expansion": "Old Persian [script needed] (ʰuvāipašiyam)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "ira-pro",
"3": "*hwaypaθyah"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian *hwaypaθyah",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "peo",
"tr": "huva"
},
"expansion": "Old Persian [script needed] (huva)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "ira-pro",
"3": "*hwáh"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian *hwáh",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "iir-pro",
"3": "*swás",
"4": "",
"5": "reflexive pronoun"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian *swás (“reflexive pronoun”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*swé",
"4": "*swós"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *swós",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "خْوَد"
},
"expansion": "xwad /xod",
"name": "fa-xlit"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "خود",
"t": "self",
"tr": "xwad /xod"
},
"expansion": "Persian خود (xwad /xod, “self”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Persian NPŠE / 𐭭𐭯𐭱𐭤 (xwēš), from Old Persian [script needed] (ʰuvāipašiyam), a compound from Proto-Iranian *hwaypaθyah, with the phonetic change resulting in unattested but assumed Middle Persian *xwēbš > xwēš.\nThe first element of the compound is akin to Old Persian [script needed] (huva), from Proto-Iranian *hwáh, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *swás (“reflexive pronoun”), from Proto-Indo-European *swós. (compare Persian خود (xwad /xod, “self”))",
"forms": [
{
"form": "xwēš",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "xiš",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"f1tr": "",
"f2tr": "",
"f3tr": "",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"head3": "",
"tr": "xwēš /xiš",
"tr2": "",
"tr3": ""
},
"expansion": "خویش • (xwēš /xiš)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"tr": "xwēš /xiš"
},
"expansion": "خویش • (xwēš /xiš)",
"name": "fa-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Persian",
"lang_code": "fa",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "62 3 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle Persian terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "61 0 39",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle Persian terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "53 0 47",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "54 0 46",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "62 0 38",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Persian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "55 10 35",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Persian pronouns",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "xwēšāwand / xišâvand",
"word": "خویشاوند"
},
{
"english": "relatives, family",
"roman": "qawm u xwēš / ğowm o xiš",
"word": "قوم و خویش"
}
],
"glosses": [
"self"
],
"id": "en-خویش-fa-noun-BsYEszKz",
"links": [
[
"self",
"self"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[xʷeːʃ]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Persian"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[xeːʃ]",
"tags": [
"Dari",
"formal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[xeːʃ]",
"tags": [
"Dari",
"formal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[xeːʃ]",
"tags": [
"Kabuli"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[xeːʃ]",
"note": "Hazaragi"
},
{
"ipa": "[xiːʃ]",
"tags": [
"Iran",
"formal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[χeʃ]",
"tags": [
"Tajik",
"formal"
]
}
],
"word": "خویش"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle Persian terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Middle Persian terms with redundant script codes",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Persian entries with incorrect language header",
"Persian lemmas",
"Persian nouns",
"Persian pronouns",
"Persian terms derived from Middle Persian",
"Persian terms derived from Old Persian",
"Persian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Persian terms derived from Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"Persian terms derived from Proto-Iranian",
"Persian terms inherited from Middle Persian",
"Persian terms inherited from Old Persian",
"Persian terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Persian terms inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"Persian terms inherited from Proto-Iranian",
"Persian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Requests for native script for Old Persian terms"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "pal",
"3": "NPŠE"
},
"expansion": "Middle Persian NPŠE",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "peo",
"tr": "ʰuvāipašiyam"
},
"expansion": "Old Persian [script needed] (ʰuvāipašiyam)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "ira-pro",
"3": "*hwaypaθyah"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian *hwaypaθyah",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "peo",
"tr": "huva"
},
"expansion": "Old Persian [script needed] (huva)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "ira-pro",
"3": "*hwáh"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian *hwáh",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "iir-pro",
"3": "*swás",
"4": "",
"5": "reflexive pronoun"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian *swás (“reflexive pronoun”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*swé",
"4": "*swós"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *swós",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "خْوَد"
},
"expansion": "xwad /xod",
"name": "fa-xlit"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "خود",
"t": "self",
"tr": "xwad /xod"
},
"expansion": "Persian خود (xwad /xod, “self”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Persian NPŠE / 𐭭𐭯𐭱𐭤 (xwēš), from Old Persian [script needed] (ʰuvāipašiyam), a compound from Proto-Iranian *hwaypaθyah, with the phonetic change resulting in unattested but assumed Middle Persian *xwēbš > xwēš.\nThe first element of the compound is akin to Old Persian [script needed] (huva), from Proto-Iranian *hwáh, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *swás (“reflexive pronoun”), from Proto-Indo-European *swós. (compare Persian خود (xwad /xod, “self”))",
"forms": [
{
"form": "xwēš",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "xiš",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "pronoun",
"tr": "xwēš /xiš"
},
"expansion": "خویش • (xwēš /xiš)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Persian",
"lang_code": "fa",
"pos": "pron",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Persian reflexive pronouns"
],
"glosses": [
"oneself"
],
"links": [
[
"oneself",
"oneself"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(reflexive pronoun) oneself"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "خود"
}
],
"tags": [
"pronoun",
"reflexive"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"one's own"
],
"links": [
[
"own",
"own"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(emphatic) one's own"
],
"tags": [
"emphatic"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[xʷeːʃ]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Persian"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[xeːʃ]",
"tags": [
"Dari",
"formal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[xeːʃ]",
"tags": [
"Dari",
"formal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[xeːʃ]",
"tags": [
"Kabuli"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[xeːʃ]",
"note": "Hazaragi"
},
{
"ipa": "[xiːʃ]",
"tags": [
"Iran",
"formal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[χeʃ]",
"tags": [
"Tajik",
"formal"
]
}
],
"word": "خویش"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle Persian terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Middle Persian terms with redundant script codes",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Persian entries with incorrect language header",
"Persian lemmas",
"Persian nouns",
"Persian pronouns",
"Persian terms derived from Middle Persian",
"Persian terms derived from Old Persian",
"Persian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Persian terms derived from Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"Persian terms derived from Proto-Iranian",
"Persian terms inherited from Middle Persian",
"Persian terms inherited from Old Persian",
"Persian terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Persian terms inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"Persian terms inherited from Proto-Iranian",
"Persian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Requests for native script for Old Persian terms"
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "xwēšāwand / xišâvand",
"word": "خویشاوند"
},
{
"english": "relatives, family",
"roman": "qawm u xwēš / ğowm o xiš",
"word": "قوم و خویش"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "az",
"2": "xiş",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Azerbaijani: xiş",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Azerbaijani: xiş"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bn",
"2": "খেশ",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Bengali: খেশ (kheś)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Bengali: খেশ (kheś)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "chg",
"2": "خویش",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Chagatai: خویش",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Chagatai: خویش"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uz",
"2": "xesh"
},
"expansion": "Uzbek: xesh",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Uzbek: xesh"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-hnd",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Hindustani:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Hindustani:"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ur",
"2": "خویش",
"tr": "xeś"
},
"expansion": "Urdu: خویش (xeś)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Urdu: خویش (xeś)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ota",
"2": "خویش",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Ottoman Turkish: خویش",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Ottoman Turkish: خویش"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "hiş"
},
"expansion": "Turkish: hiş",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Turkish: hiş"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "pal",
"3": "NPŠE"
},
"expansion": "Middle Persian NPŠE",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "peo",
"tr": "ʰuvāipašiyam"
},
"expansion": "Old Persian [script needed] (ʰuvāipašiyam)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "ira-pro",
"3": "*hwaypaθyah"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian *hwaypaθyah",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "peo",
"tr": "huva"
},
"expansion": "Old Persian [script needed] (huva)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "ira-pro",
"3": "*hwáh"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian *hwáh",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "iir-pro",
"3": "*swás",
"4": "",
"5": "reflexive pronoun"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian *swás (“reflexive pronoun”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*swé",
"4": "*swós"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *swós",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "خْوَد"
},
"expansion": "xwad /xod",
"name": "fa-xlit"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "خود",
"t": "self",
"tr": "xwad /xod"
},
"expansion": "Persian خود (xwad /xod, “self”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Persian NPŠE / 𐭭𐭯𐭱𐭤 (xwēš), from Old Persian [script needed] (ʰuvāipašiyam), a compound from Proto-Iranian *hwaypaθyah, with the phonetic change resulting in unattested but assumed Middle Persian *xwēbš > xwēš.\nThe first element of the compound is akin to Old Persian [script needed] (huva), from Proto-Iranian *hwáh, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *swás (“reflexive pronoun”), from Proto-Indo-European *swós. (compare Persian خود (xwad /xod, “self”))",
"forms": [
{
"form": "xwēš",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "xiš",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"f1tr": "",
"f2tr": "",
"f3tr": "",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"head3": "",
"tr": "xwēš /xiš",
"tr2": "",
"tr3": ""
},
"expansion": "خویش • (xwēš /xiš)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"tr": "xwēš /xiš"
},
"expansion": "خویش • (xwēš /xiš)",
"name": "fa-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Persian",
"lang_code": "fa",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"self"
],
"links": [
[
"self",
"self"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[xʷeːʃ]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Persian"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[xeːʃ]",
"tags": [
"Dari",
"formal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[xeːʃ]",
"tags": [
"Dari",
"formal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[xeːʃ]",
"tags": [
"Kabuli"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[xeːʃ]",
"note": "Hazaragi"
},
{
"ipa": "[xiːʃ]",
"tags": [
"Iran",
"formal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[χeʃ]",
"tags": [
"Tajik",
"formal"
]
}
],
"word": "خویش"
}
Download raw JSONL data for خویش meaning in Persian (8.2kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Persian dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-05-27 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-05-20 using wiktextract (a4e883e and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.