"ithid" meaning in Old Irish

See ithid in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Verb

IPA: [ˈiθʲiðʲ]
Etymology: A suppletive verb. * All forms except for the present, imperfect, and the verbal noun are from forms of Proto-Celtic *essi, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ed-. ** The perfect forms are from dí- + fo- + Proto-Celtic *āde (preterite of *essi), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁e-h₁od-e. ** The subjunctive forms are from Proto-Celtic *esseti, s-subjunctive of *essi. ** The future forms are from Proto-Celtic *īsseti, reduplicated s-future of *essi, with *ī from Proto-Indo-European *h₁i-h₁e-. The future is inflected like an a-subjunctive, not like a regular s-future. * The verbal noun is from Proto-Celtic *ɸityā, derived from Proto-Indo-European *peyt- (“to nourish, feed”). Cognate with Old Church Slavonic питѣти (pitěti, “nourish”) and Sanskrit पितु (pitú, “food”). ith (“grain”) is from this same root. * The present and imperfect stems ith- and eth- are back-formed from the verbal noun. Etymology templates: {{root|sga|ine-pro|*peyt-|*h₁ed-}}, {{inh|sga|cel-pro|*essi}} Proto-Celtic *essi, {{inh|sga|ine-pro|*h₁ed-}} Proto-Indo-European *h₁ed-, {{af|sga|dí-|fo-}} dí- + fo-, {{inh|sga|cel-pro|*āde}} Proto-Celtic *āde, {{inh|sga|ine-pro|*h₁ed-|*h₁e-h₁od-e}} Proto-Indo-European *h₁e-h₁od-e, {{inh|sga|cel-pro||*esseti}} Proto-Celtic *esseti, {{inh|sga|cel-pro||*īsseti}} Proto-Celtic *īsseti, {{m+|ine-pro||*h₁i-h₁e-}} Proto-Indo-European *h₁i-h₁e-, {{inh|sga|cel-pro|*ɸityā}} Proto-Celtic *ɸityā, {{der|sga|ine-pro|*peyt-|t=to nourish, feed}} Proto-Indo-European *peyt- (“to nourish, feed”), {{cog|cu|питѣти|t=nourish}} Old Church Slavonic питѣти (pitěti, “nourish”), {{cog|sa|पितु|t=food|tr=pitú}} Sanskrit पितु (pitú, “food”) Head templates: {{head|sga|verb||{{{conj}}}||{{{conj2}}}||{{{prot}}}||{{{prot2}}}|verbal noun|ithe||{{{2}}}|head=}} ithid (verbal noun ithe), {{sga-verb|ithe}} ithid (verbal noun ithe) Inflection templates: {{sga-conj-simple|conditional_1s=·íssainn|conditional_3p=·ístais|conditional_3s=·íssad|future_1s_conj=·íss|future_2s_conj=·íssae|future_3p_conj=·íssat|future_3p_rel=ístae|future_3s_abso=íssaid|future_class=s|imperative_1p=etham|imperative_2s=ith|imperative_3p=ethat|imperative_3s=ithed|imperfect_3p=·it(hi)tis|imperfect_3s=·ithed, ·ethad|past_participle=eisib|past_participle_q=dative plural|pastsubj_2s=·esta|pastsubj_3p=·estais|pastsubj_3s=·essad|perfect_3s_deut=do·fúaid|perfect_3s_prot=·dóid, ·dúaid|perfect_ps_prot=·dóes|present_1s_abso=ithim|present_3p_abso=ithit, ethait|present_3p_abso2=itius|present_3p_abso2_q=with suffixed pronoun <i class="Latn mention" lang="sga">-us</i>|present_3p_conj=·ethat|present_3s_abso=ithid|present_3s_rel=ithes|present_class=B I|present_ps_abso=ethair|preterite_class=reduplicated|subjunctive_1p_conj=·essamar|subjunctive_1p_conj2=·dessamar|subjunctive_1p_conj2_q=perfective|subjunctive_1s_abso=do·essur|subjunctive_1s_abso_q=perfective|subjunctive_1s_conj=·essur|subjunctive_1s_conj2=·dóesur|subjunctive_1s_conj2_q=perfective|subjunctive_3p_conj=·essatar|subjunctive_3s_abso=estir|subjunctive_3s_abso2=do·estar|subjunctive_3s_abso2_q=perfective|subjunctive_3s_conj=·estar|subjunctive_class=s|verbal_noun=ithe}}, {{sga-mutation|i|thid}} Forms: ithe [noun-from-verb], no-table-tags [table-tags], ithim [absolute, first-person, indicative, present, singular], ithid [absolute, indicative, present, singular, third-person], ithit [absolute, indicative, plural, present, third-person], ethait [absolute, indicative, plural, present, third-person], itius [absolute, indicative, plural, present, third-person], ethair [absolute, indicative, passive, present, singular], ·ethat [conjunct, indicative, plural, present, third-person], ithes [indicative, present, relative, singular, third-person], ·ithed [imperfect, indicative, singular, third-person], ·ethad [imperfect, indicative, singular, third-person], ·ittis [imperfect, indicative, plural, third-person], ·ithitis [imperfect, indicative, plural, third-person], do·fúaid [absolute, deuterotonic, perfect, singular, third-person], ·dóid [absolute, perfect, prototonic, singular, third-person], ·dúaid [absolute, perfect, prototonic, singular, third-person], ·dóes [absolute, passive, perfect, prototonic, singular], íssaid [absolute, future, singular, third-person], ·íss [absolute, conjunct, first-person, future, singular], ·íssae [absolute, conjunct, future, second-person, singular], ·íssat [absolute, conjunct, future, plural, third-person], ístae [absolute, future, plural, relative, third-person], ·íssainn [absolute, conditional, first-person, singular], ·íssad [absolute, conditional, singular, third-person], ·ístais [absolute, conditional, plural, third-person], do·essur [absolute, first-person, perfective, present, singular, subjunctive], estir [absolute, present, singular, subjunctive, third-person], do·estar [absolute, perfective, present, singular, subjunctive, third-person], ·essur [absolute, conjunct, first-person, present, singular, subjunctive], ·dóesur [absolute, conjunct, first-person, perfective, present, singular, subjunctive], ·estar [absolute, conjunct, present, singular, subjunctive, third-person], ·essamar [absolute, conjunct, first-person, plural, present, subjunctive], ·dessamar [absolute, conjunct, first-person, perfective, plural, present, subjunctive], ·essatar [absolute, conjunct, plural, present, subjunctive, third-person], ·esta [absolute, past, second-person, singular, subjunctive], ·essad [absolute, past, singular, subjunctive, third-person], ·estais [absolute, past, plural, subjunctive, third-person], ith [absolute, imperative, second-person, singular], ithed [absolute, imperative, singular, third-person], etham [absolute, first-person, imperative, plural], ethat [absolute, imperative, plural, third-person], ithe [absolute, first-person, noun-from-verb, singular], eisib [dative, first-person, participle, past, plural], no-table-tags [table-tags], ithid [mutation, mutation-radical], pronounced with /h/ in h-prothesis environments [mutation, mutation-radical], n-ithid [mutation]
  1. to eat Categories (topical): Human behaviour
    Sense id: en-ithid-sga-verb-Unr3wQmn Categories (other): Old Irish entries with incorrect language header, Pages with 3 entries

Inflected forms

Alternative forms

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "mga",
            "2": "ithid"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle Irish: ithid\nIrish: ith\nManx: ee\nScottish Gaelic: ith",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle Irish: ithid\nIrish: ith\nManx: ee\nScottish Gaelic: ith"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*peyt-",
        "4": "*h₁ed-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "cel-pro",
        "3": "*essi"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Celtic *essi",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*h₁ed-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₁ed-",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "dí-",
        "3": "fo-"
      },
      "expansion": "dí- + fo-",
      "name": "af"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "cel-pro",
        "3": "*āde"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Celtic *āde",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*h₁ed-",
        "4": "*h₁e-h₁od-e"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₁e-h₁od-e",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "cel-pro",
        "3": "",
        "4": "*esseti"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Celtic *esseti",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "cel-pro",
        "3": "",
        "4": "*īsseti"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Celtic *īsseti",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "",
        "3": "*h₁i-h₁e-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₁i-h₁e-",
      "name": "m+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "cel-pro",
        "3": "*ɸityā"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Celtic *ɸityā",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*peyt-",
        "t": "to nourish, feed"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *peyt- (“to nourish, feed”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cu",
        "2": "питѣти",
        "t": "nourish"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Church Slavonic питѣти (pitěti, “nourish”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "पितु",
        "t": "food",
        "tr": "pitú"
      },
      "expansion": "Sanskrit पितु (pitú, “food”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "A suppletive verb.\n* All forms except for the present, imperfect, and the verbal noun are from forms of Proto-Celtic *essi, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ed-.\n** The perfect forms are from dí- + fo- + Proto-Celtic *āde (preterite of *essi), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁e-h₁od-e.\n** The subjunctive forms are from Proto-Celtic *esseti, s-subjunctive of *essi.\n** The future forms are from Proto-Celtic *īsseti, reduplicated s-future of *essi, with *ī from Proto-Indo-European *h₁i-h₁e-. The future is inflected like an a-subjunctive, not like a regular s-future.\n* The verbal noun is from Proto-Celtic *ɸityā, derived from Proto-Indo-European *peyt- (“to nourish, feed”). Cognate with Old Church Slavonic питѣти (pitěti, “nourish”) and Sanskrit पितु (pitú, “food”). ith (“grain”) is from this same root.\n* The present and imperfect stems ith- and eth- are back-formed from the verbal noun.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "ithe",
      "tags": [
        "noun-from-verb"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sga-conj-simple\n",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ithim",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "absolute",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ithid",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "absolute",
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ithit",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "absolute",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ethait",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "absolute",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "itius",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "absolute",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ethair",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "absolute",
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "·ethat",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunct",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ithes",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "relative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "·ithed",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "·ethad",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "·ittis",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "·ithitis",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "do·fúaid",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "absolute",
        "deuterotonic",
        "perfect",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "·dóid",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "absolute",
        "perfect",
        "prototonic",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "·dúaid",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "absolute",
        "perfect",
        "prototonic",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "·dóes",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "absolute",
        "passive",
        "perfect",
        "prototonic",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "íssaid",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "absolute",
        "future",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "·íss",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "absolute",
        "conjunct",
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "·íssae",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "absolute",
        "conjunct",
        "future",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "·íssat",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "absolute",
        "conjunct",
        "future",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ístae",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "absolute",
        "future",
        "plural",
        "relative",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "·íssainn",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "absolute",
        "conditional",
        "first-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "·íssad",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "absolute",
        "conditional",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "·ístais",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "absolute",
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "do·essur",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "absolute",
        "first-person",
        "perfective",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "estir",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "absolute",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "do·estar",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "absolute",
        "perfective",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "·essur",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "absolute",
        "conjunct",
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "·dóesur",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "absolute",
        "conjunct",
        "first-person",
        "perfective",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "·estar",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "absolute",
        "conjunct",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "·essamar",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "absolute",
        "conjunct",
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "·dessamar",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "absolute",
        "conjunct",
        "first-person",
        "perfective",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "·essatar",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "absolute",
        "conjunct",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "·esta",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "absolute",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "·essad",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "absolute",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "·estais",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "absolute",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ith",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "absolute",
        "imperative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ithed",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "absolute",
        "imperative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "etham",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "absolute",
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ethat",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "absolute",
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ithe",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "absolute",
        "first-person",
        "noun-from-verb",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "eisib",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "first-person",
        "participle",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sga-mutation",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ithid",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "mutation",
        "mutation-radical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pronounced with /h/ in h-prothesis environments",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "mutation",
        "mutation-radical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "n-ithid",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "mutation"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "10": "{{{prot2}}}",
        "11": "verbal noun",
        "12": "ithe",
        "13": "",
        "14": "{{{2}}}",
        "2": "verb",
        "3": "",
        "4": "{{{conj}}}",
        "5": "",
        "6": "{{{conj2}}}",
        "7": "",
        "8": "{{{prot}}}",
        "9": "",
        "head": ""
      },
      "expansion": "ithid (verbal noun ithe)",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ithe"
      },
      "expansion": "ithid (verbal noun ithe)",
      "name": "sga-verb"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "conditional_1s": "·íssainn",
        "conditional_3p": "·ístais",
        "conditional_3s": "·íssad",
        "future_1s_conj": "·íss",
        "future_2s_conj": "·íssae",
        "future_3p_conj": "·íssat",
        "future_3p_rel": "ístae",
        "future_3s_abso": "íssaid",
        "future_class": "s",
        "imperative_1p": "etham",
        "imperative_2s": "ith",
        "imperative_3p": "ethat",
        "imperative_3s": "ithed",
        "imperfect_3p": "·it(hi)tis",
        "imperfect_3s": "·ithed, ·ethad",
        "past_participle": "eisib",
        "past_participle_q": "dative plural",
        "pastsubj_2s": "·esta",
        "pastsubj_3p": "·estais",
        "pastsubj_3s": "·essad",
        "perfect_3s_deut": "do·fúaid",
        "perfect_3s_prot": "·dóid, ·dúaid",
        "perfect_ps_prot": "·dóes",
        "present_1s_abso": "ithim",
        "present_3p_abso": "ithit, ethait",
        "present_3p_abso2": "itius",
        "present_3p_abso2_q": "with suffixed pronoun <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"sga\">-us</i>",
        "present_3p_conj": "·ethat",
        "present_3s_abso": "ithid",
        "present_3s_rel": "ithes",
        "present_class": "B I",
        "present_ps_abso": "ethair",
        "preterite_class": "reduplicated",
        "subjunctive_1p_conj": "·essamar",
        "subjunctive_1p_conj2": "·dessamar",
        "subjunctive_1p_conj2_q": "perfective",
        "subjunctive_1s_abso": "do·essur",
        "subjunctive_1s_abso_q": "perfective",
        "subjunctive_1s_conj": "·essur",
        "subjunctive_1s_conj2": "·dóesur",
        "subjunctive_1s_conj2_q": "perfective",
        "subjunctive_3p_conj": "·essatar",
        "subjunctive_3s_abso": "estir",
        "subjunctive_3s_abso2": "do·estar",
        "subjunctive_3s_abso2_q": "perfective",
        "subjunctive_3s_conj": "·estar",
        "subjunctive_class": "s",
        "verbal_noun": "ithe"
      },
      "name": "sga-conj-simple"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "i",
        "2": "thid"
      },
      "name": "sga-mutation"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old Irish",
  "lang_code": "sga",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old Irish entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 3 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "sga",
          "name": "Human behaviour",
          "orig": "sga:Human behaviour",
          "parents": [
            "Human",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "They eat it from above and he roots it up from below; for it does not exterminate the vine to eat of anything of it from above, as do the passers-by whom he speaks of, i.e. for it is only a passing visit that they make [lit: ‘that they visit’] to the vine to take something for themselves of its fruit.",
          "text": "Itius anúas ⁊ dus·claid anís; air ní foircnea in fíni hithe neich di anúas, amal du·ngní int aīs sechmaill as·mbeir-som .i. air is cuit adaill ad·n-ellat-sidi in fíni du thabairt neich doib dia thorud.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to eat"
      ],
      "id": "en-ithid-sga-verb-Unr3wQmn",
      "links": [
        [
          "eat",
          "eat"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈiθʲiðʲ]"
    }
  ],
  "word": "ithid"
}
{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "mga",
            "2": "ithid"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle Irish: ithid\nIrish: ith\nManx: ee\nScottish Gaelic: ith",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle Irish: ithid\nIrish: ith\nManx: ee\nScottish Gaelic: ith"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*peyt-",
        "4": "*h₁ed-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "cel-pro",
        "3": "*essi"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Celtic *essi",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*h₁ed-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₁ed-",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "dí-",
        "3": "fo-"
      },
      "expansion": "dí- + fo-",
      "name": "af"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "cel-pro",
        "3": "*āde"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Celtic *āde",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*h₁ed-",
        "4": "*h₁e-h₁od-e"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₁e-h₁od-e",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "cel-pro",
        "3": "",
        "4": "*esseti"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Celtic *esseti",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "cel-pro",
        "3": "",
        "4": "*īsseti"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Celtic *īsseti",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "",
        "3": "*h₁i-h₁e-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₁i-h₁e-",
      "name": "m+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "cel-pro",
        "3": "*ɸityā"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Celtic *ɸityā",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*peyt-",
        "t": "to nourish, feed"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *peyt- (“to nourish, feed”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cu",
        "2": "питѣти",
        "t": "nourish"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Church Slavonic питѣти (pitěti, “nourish”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "पितु",
        "t": "food",
        "tr": "pitú"
      },
      "expansion": "Sanskrit पितु (pitú, “food”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "A suppletive verb.\n* All forms except for the present, imperfect, and the verbal noun are from forms of Proto-Celtic *essi, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ed-.\n** The perfect forms are from dí- + fo- + Proto-Celtic *āde (preterite of *essi), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁e-h₁od-e.\n** The subjunctive forms are from Proto-Celtic *esseti, s-subjunctive of *essi.\n** The future forms are from Proto-Celtic *īsseti, reduplicated s-future of *essi, with *ī from Proto-Indo-European *h₁i-h₁e-. The future is inflected like an a-subjunctive, not like a regular s-future.\n* The verbal noun is from Proto-Celtic *ɸityā, derived from Proto-Indo-European *peyt- (“to nourish, feed”). Cognate with Old Church Slavonic питѣти (pitěti, “nourish”) and Sanskrit पितु (pitú, “food”). ith (“grain”) is from this same root.\n* The present and imperfect stems ith- and eth- are back-formed from the verbal noun.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "ithe",
      "tags": [
        "noun-from-verb"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sga-conj-simple\n",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ithim",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "absolute",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ithid",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "absolute",
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ithit",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "absolute",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ethait",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "absolute",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "itius",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "absolute",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ethair",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "absolute",
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "·ethat",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunct",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ithes",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "relative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "·ithed",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "·ethad",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "·ittis",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "·ithitis",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "do·fúaid",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "absolute",
        "deuterotonic",
        "perfect",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "·dóid",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "absolute",
        "perfect",
        "prototonic",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "·dúaid",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "absolute",
        "perfect",
        "prototonic",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "·dóes",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "absolute",
        "passive",
        "perfect",
        "prototonic",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "íssaid",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "absolute",
        "future",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "·íss",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "absolute",
        "conjunct",
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "·íssae",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "absolute",
        "conjunct",
        "future",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "·íssat",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "absolute",
        "conjunct",
        "future",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ístae",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "absolute",
        "future",
        "plural",
        "relative",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "·íssainn",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "absolute",
        "conditional",
        "first-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "·íssad",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "absolute",
        "conditional",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "·ístais",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "absolute",
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "do·essur",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "absolute",
        "first-person",
        "perfective",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "estir",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "absolute",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "do·estar",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "absolute",
        "perfective",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "·essur",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "absolute",
        "conjunct",
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "·dóesur",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "absolute",
        "conjunct",
        "first-person",
        "perfective",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "·estar",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "absolute",
        "conjunct",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "·essamar",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "absolute",
        "conjunct",
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "·dessamar",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "absolute",
        "conjunct",
        "first-person",
        "perfective",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "·essatar",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "absolute",
        "conjunct",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "·esta",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "absolute",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "·essad",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "absolute",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "·estais",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "absolute",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ith",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "absolute",
        "imperative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ithed",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "absolute",
        "imperative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "etham",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "absolute",
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ethat",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "absolute",
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ithe",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "absolute",
        "first-person",
        "noun-from-verb",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "eisib",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "first-person",
        "participle",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sga-mutation",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ithid",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "mutation",
        "mutation-radical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pronounced with /h/ in h-prothesis environments",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "mutation",
        "mutation-radical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "n-ithid",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "mutation"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "10": "{{{prot2}}}",
        "11": "verbal noun",
        "12": "ithe",
        "13": "",
        "14": "{{{2}}}",
        "2": "verb",
        "3": "",
        "4": "{{{conj}}}",
        "5": "",
        "6": "{{{conj2}}}",
        "7": "",
        "8": "{{{prot}}}",
        "9": "",
        "head": ""
      },
      "expansion": "ithid (verbal noun ithe)",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ithe"
      },
      "expansion": "ithid (verbal noun ithe)",
      "name": "sga-verb"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "conditional_1s": "·íssainn",
        "conditional_3p": "·ístais",
        "conditional_3s": "·íssad",
        "future_1s_conj": "·íss",
        "future_2s_conj": "·íssae",
        "future_3p_conj": "·íssat",
        "future_3p_rel": "ístae",
        "future_3s_abso": "íssaid",
        "future_class": "s",
        "imperative_1p": "etham",
        "imperative_2s": "ith",
        "imperative_3p": "ethat",
        "imperative_3s": "ithed",
        "imperfect_3p": "·it(hi)tis",
        "imperfect_3s": "·ithed, ·ethad",
        "past_participle": "eisib",
        "past_participle_q": "dative plural",
        "pastsubj_2s": "·esta",
        "pastsubj_3p": "·estais",
        "pastsubj_3s": "·essad",
        "perfect_3s_deut": "do·fúaid",
        "perfect_3s_prot": "·dóid, ·dúaid",
        "perfect_ps_prot": "·dóes",
        "present_1s_abso": "ithim",
        "present_3p_abso": "ithit, ethait",
        "present_3p_abso2": "itius",
        "present_3p_abso2_q": "with suffixed pronoun <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"sga\">-us</i>",
        "present_3p_conj": "·ethat",
        "present_3s_abso": "ithid",
        "present_3s_rel": "ithes",
        "present_class": "B I",
        "present_ps_abso": "ethair",
        "preterite_class": "reduplicated",
        "subjunctive_1p_conj": "·essamar",
        "subjunctive_1p_conj2": "·dessamar",
        "subjunctive_1p_conj2_q": "perfective",
        "subjunctive_1s_abso": "do·essur",
        "subjunctive_1s_abso_q": "perfective",
        "subjunctive_1s_conj": "·essur",
        "subjunctive_1s_conj2": "·dóesur",
        "subjunctive_1s_conj2_q": "perfective",
        "subjunctive_3p_conj": "·essatar",
        "subjunctive_3s_abso": "estir",
        "subjunctive_3s_abso2": "do·estar",
        "subjunctive_3s_abso2_q": "perfective",
        "subjunctive_3s_conj": "·estar",
        "subjunctive_class": "s",
        "verbal_noun": "ithe"
      },
      "name": "sga-conj-simple"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "i",
        "2": "thid"
      },
      "name": "sga-mutation"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old Irish",
  "lang_code": "sga",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Old Irish class B I present verbs",
        "Old Irish entries with incorrect language header",
        "Old Irish lemmas",
        "Old Irish reduplicated preterite verbs",
        "Old Irish s future verbs",
        "Old Irish s subjunctive verbs",
        "Old Irish simple verbs",
        "Old Irish suppletive verbs",
        "Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
        "Old Irish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₁ed-",
        "Old Irish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *peyt-",
        "Old Irish terms with quotations",
        "Old Irish verbs",
        "Pages with 3 entries",
        "sga:Human behaviour"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "They eat it from above and he roots it up from below; for it does not exterminate the vine to eat of anything of it from above, as do the passers-by whom he speaks of, i.e. for it is only a passing visit that they make [lit: ‘that they visit’] to the vine to take something for themselves of its fruit.",
          "text": "Itius anúas ⁊ dus·claid anís; air ní foircnea in fíni hithe neich di anúas, amal du·ngní int aīs sechmaill as·mbeir-som .i. air is cuit adaill ad·n-ellat-sidi in fíni du thabairt neich doib dia thorud.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to eat"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "eat",
          "eat"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈiθʲiðʲ]"
    }
  ],
  "word": "ithid"
}

Download raw JSONL data for ithid meaning in Old Irish (11.6kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Old Irish dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-09-22 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-09-20 using wiktextract (af5c55c and 66545a6). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.