See befæstan in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "befasten",
"3": "bifesten"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: befasten, bifesten",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: befasten, bifesten"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "befast"
},
"expansion": "English: befast",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: befast"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*bifastijan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *bifastijan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "be",
"3": "fæstan",
"t1": "around",
"t2": "to secure, fasten"
},
"expansion": "be- (“around”) + fæstan (“to secure, fasten”)",
"name": "pre"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-West Germanic *bifastijan, equivalent to be- (“around”) + fæstan (“to secure, fasten”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ang-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "1",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "befæstan",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "befæstenne",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "befæste",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "befæste",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "befæstest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "befæst",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "befæstest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "befæsteþ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "befæst",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "befæste",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "befæstaþ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "befæston",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "befæste",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "befæste",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "befæsten",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "befæsten",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "befæst",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "befæstaþ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "befæstende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "befæsted",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "befæstan",
"name": "ang-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "befæstan<w1>"
},
"name": "ang-conj"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "befæstnian"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"to fasten; fix; ground; establish; make safe; put in safe keeping"
],
"id": "en-befæstan-ang-verb-C~CfmP8Z",
"links": [
[
"fasten",
"fasten"
],
[
"fix",
"fix"
],
[
"ground",
"ground"
],
[
"establish",
"establish"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to fasten; fix; ground; establish; make safe; put in safe keeping"
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "18 50 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 49 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old English terms prefixed with be-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 45 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 77 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to apply; utilize; commend; entrust to"
],
"id": "en-befæstan-ang-verb-AF8TzZV2",
"links": [
[
"apply",
"apply"
],
[
"utilize",
"utilize"
],
[
"commend",
"commend"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to apply; utilize; commend; entrust to"
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "late 9th century, King Alfred's translation of Saint Augustine's Soliloquies ...Gyf ðū ēnigne gōdne heorde hæbbe þe wel cunne healdan þæt þæt þū gestrēone and him befæste, scēawa hyne me;[…]",
"text": "If thou have any good steward that can well hold that which thou gettest and committest unto him, show him to me; […]",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to commit"
],
"id": "en-befæstan-ang-verb-~MBKY6Da",
"links": [
[
"commit",
"commit"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to commit"
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/beˈfæs.tɑn/"
}
],
"word": "befæstan"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old English class 1 weak verbs",
"Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"Old English lemmas",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old English terms prefixed with be-",
"Old English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Old English verbs",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "befasten",
"3": "bifesten"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: befasten, bifesten",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: befasten, bifesten"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "befast"
},
"expansion": "English: befast",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: befast"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*bifastijan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *bifastijan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "be",
"3": "fæstan",
"t1": "around",
"t2": "to secure, fasten"
},
"expansion": "be- (“around”) + fæstan (“to secure, fasten”)",
"name": "pre"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-West Germanic *bifastijan, equivalent to be- (“around”) + fæstan (“to secure, fasten”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ang-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "1",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "befæstan",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "befæstenne",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "befæste",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "befæste",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "befæstest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "befæst",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "befæstest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "befæsteþ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "befæst",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "befæste",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "befæstaþ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "befæston",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "befæste",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "befæste",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "befæsten",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "befæsten",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "befæst",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "befæstaþ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "befæstende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "befæsted",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "befæstan",
"name": "ang-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "befæstan<w1>"
},
"name": "ang-conj"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"word": "befæstnian"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Old English transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to fasten; fix; ground; establish; make safe; put in safe keeping"
],
"links": [
[
"fasten",
"fasten"
],
[
"fix",
"fix"
],
[
"ground",
"ground"
],
[
"establish",
"establish"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to fasten; fix; ground; establish; make safe; put in safe keeping"
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Old English transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to apply; utilize; commend; entrust to"
],
"links": [
[
"apply",
"apply"
],
[
"utilize",
"utilize"
],
[
"commend",
"commend"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to apply; utilize; commend; entrust to"
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Old English terms with quotations",
"Old English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "late 9th century, King Alfred's translation of Saint Augustine's Soliloquies ...Gyf ðū ēnigne gōdne heorde hæbbe þe wel cunne healdan þæt þæt þū gestrēone and him befæste, scēawa hyne me;[…]",
"text": "If thou have any good steward that can well hold that which thou gettest and committest unto him, show him to me; […]",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to commit"
],
"links": [
[
"commit",
"commit"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to commit"
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/beˈfæs.tɑn/"
}
],
"word": "befæstan"
}
Download raw JSONL data for befæstan meaning in Old English (4.6kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Old English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-08 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (bb46d54 and 0c3c9f6). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.