"безмѣнъ" meaning in Old East Slavic

See безмѣнъ in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

IPA: /bɛˈzmeːnʊ/, /bʲɛˈzmʲeːnʊ/, /bʲɛˈzmʲɛːn/, /bʲɛˈzmʲeːn/, /bɛˈzmeːnʊ/ (note: ca. 9ᵗʰ CE), /bʲɛˈzmʲeːnʊ/ (note: ca. 11ᵗʰ CE), /bʲɛˈzmʲɛːn/ (note: ca. 13ᵗʰ CE), /bʲɛˈzmʲeːn/ (note: ca. 13ᵗʰ CE) Forms: bezměnŭ [romanization]
Etymology: Unknown, attested from the late 14th century, which is after the Mongol invasion, so probably folk-etymologically altered after без- (bez-) + мѣна (měna) and a Turkic rendering of Arabic وَزْنَة (wazna), as most Slavic languages also have Arabic قِنْطَار (qinṭār) via Turkic to denote the steelyard, both originally units of weight. Compare Old Polish bezmian. Etymology templates: {{unk|orv}} Unknown, {{affix|orv|без-|мѣна}} без- (bez-) + мѣна (měna), {{bor|orv|trk|-}} Turkic, {{der|orv|ar|وَزْنَة}} Arabic وَزْنَة (wazna), {{cog|sla|-}} Slavic, {{noncog|ar|قِنْطَار}} Arabic قِنْطَار (qinṭār), {{cog|zlw-opl|bezmian}} Old Polish bezmian Head templates: {{head|orv|noun|||||||||||||g=m|g2=|g3=|head=|sc=|tr=}} безмѣнъ (bezměnŭ) m, {{orv-noun|m}} безмѣнъ (bezměnŭ) m
  1. stilyard Wikipedia link: Mongol invasion Tags: masculine
{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Georgian",
          "lang_code": "ka",
          "raw_tags": [
            "borrowed"
          ],
          "roman": "bazmandi",
          "word": "ბაზმანდი"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Armenian",
          "lang_code": "hy",
          "raw_tags": [
            "borrowed"
          ],
          "roman": "bezmen",
          "word": "բեզմեն"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Russian",
      "lang_code": "ru",
      "roman": "bezmén",
      "word": "безме́н"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Ukrainian",
      "lang_code": "uk",
      "roman": "bézmin",
      "word": "бе́змін"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Ukrainian",
      "lang_code": "uk",
      "roman": "bézmen",
      "word": "бе́змен"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Ukrainian",
      "lang_code": "uk",
      "roman": "bedzvin",
      "word": "бедзвін"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Ukrainian",
      "lang_code": "uk",
      "roman": "bedzmin",
      "word": "бедзмін"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Ukrainian",
      "lang_code": "uk",
      "roman": "bezmir",
      "word": "безмір"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Ukrainian",
      "lang_code": "uk",
      "roman": "bezʹman",
      "word": "безьман"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Ukrainian",
      "lang_code": "uk",
      "roman": "bezʹmin",
      "word": "безьмін"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Ukrainian",
      "lang_code": "uk",
      "roman": "bezʹmyn",
      "tags": [
        "dialectal"
      ],
      "word": "безьмин"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Low German",
          "lang_code": "nds",
          "word": "Besmer"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Low German",
          "lang_code": "nds",
          "word": "Bismer"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Low German",
          "lang_code": "nds",
          "word": "Besemer"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Middle High German",
          "lang_code": "gmh",
          "raw_tags": [
            "borrowed"
          ],
          "word": "besemer"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Middle High German",
          "lang_code": "gmh",
          "raw_tags": [
            "borrowed"
          ],
          "word": "bisemer"
        },
        {
          "lang": "German",
          "lang_code": "de",
          "raw_tags": [
            "borrowed"
          ],
          "word": "Besemer"
        },
        {
          "lang": "German",
          "lang_code": "de",
          "raw_tags": [
            "borrowed"
          ],
          "word": "Besmer"
        },
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "lang": "Greenlandic",
                  "lang_code": "kl",
                  "raw_tags": [
                    "borrowed"
                  ],
                  "word": "bismeri"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "Danish",
              "lang_code": "da",
              "word": "bismer"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Faroese",
              "lang_code": "fo",
              "word": "bismari"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
              "lang_code": "nn",
              "word": "bismar"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Swedish",
              "lang_code": "sv",
              "word": "besman"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Swedish",
              "lang_code": "sv",
              "word": "betsman"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Swedish",
              "lang_code": "sv",
              "word": "besmar"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Swedish",
              "lang_code": "sv",
              "word": "besmal"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Swedish",
              "lang_code": "sv",
              "word": "bismål"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Swedish",
              "lang_code": "sv",
              "word": "bismere"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Swedish",
              "lang_code": "sv",
              "word": "besmir"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Swedish",
              "lang_code": "sv",
              "word": "bysmär"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Swedish",
              "lang_code": "sv",
              "word": "bissmid"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Old Norse",
          "lang_code": "non",
          "raw_tags": [
            "borrowed"
          ],
          "word": "bismari"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Middle Low German",
      "lang_code": "gml",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "word": "besemer"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Low German",
          "lang_code": "nds",
          "word": "Besmer"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Low German",
          "lang_code": "nds",
          "word": "Bismer"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Low German",
          "lang_code": "nds",
          "word": "Besemer"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Middle High German",
          "lang_code": "gmh",
          "raw_tags": [
            "borrowed"
          ],
          "word": "besemer"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Middle High German",
          "lang_code": "gmh",
          "raw_tags": [
            "borrowed"
          ],
          "word": "bisemer"
        },
        {
          "lang": "German",
          "lang_code": "de",
          "raw_tags": [
            "borrowed"
          ],
          "word": "Besemer"
        },
        {
          "lang": "German",
          "lang_code": "de",
          "raw_tags": [
            "borrowed"
          ],
          "word": "Besmer"
        },
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "lang": "Greenlandic",
                  "lang_code": "kl",
                  "raw_tags": [
                    "borrowed"
                  ],
                  "word": "bismeri"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "Danish",
              "lang_code": "da",
              "word": "bismer"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Faroese",
              "lang_code": "fo",
              "word": "bismari"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
              "lang_code": "nn",
              "word": "bismar"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Swedish",
              "lang_code": "sv",
              "word": "besman"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Swedish",
              "lang_code": "sv",
              "word": "betsman"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Swedish",
              "lang_code": "sv",
              "word": "besmar"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Swedish",
              "lang_code": "sv",
              "word": "besmal"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Swedish",
              "lang_code": "sv",
              "word": "bismål"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Swedish",
              "lang_code": "sv",
              "word": "bismere"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Swedish",
              "lang_code": "sv",
              "word": "besmir"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Swedish",
              "lang_code": "sv",
              "word": "bysmär"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Swedish",
              "lang_code": "sv",
              "word": "bissmid"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Old Norse",
          "lang_code": "non",
          "raw_tags": [
            "borrowed"
          ],
          "word": "bismari"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Middle Low German",
      "lang_code": "gml",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "word": "bisemer"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Low German",
          "lang_code": "nds",
          "word": "Besmer"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Low German",
          "lang_code": "nds",
          "word": "Bismer"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Low German",
          "lang_code": "nds",
          "word": "Besemer"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Middle High German",
          "lang_code": "gmh",
          "raw_tags": [
            "borrowed"
          ],
          "word": "besemer"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Middle High German",
          "lang_code": "gmh",
          "raw_tags": [
            "borrowed"
          ],
          "word": "bisemer"
        },
        {
          "lang": "German",
          "lang_code": "de",
          "raw_tags": [
            "borrowed"
          ],
          "word": "Besemer"
        },
        {
          "lang": "German",
          "lang_code": "de",
          "raw_tags": [
            "borrowed"
          ],
          "word": "Besmer"
        },
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "lang": "Greenlandic",
                  "lang_code": "kl",
                  "raw_tags": [
                    "borrowed"
                  ],
                  "word": "bismeri"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "Danish",
              "lang_code": "da",
              "word": "bismer"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Faroese",
              "lang_code": "fo",
              "word": "bismari"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
              "lang_code": "nn",
              "word": "bismar"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Swedish",
              "lang_code": "sv",
              "word": "besman"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Swedish",
              "lang_code": "sv",
              "word": "betsman"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Swedish",
              "lang_code": "sv",
              "word": "besmar"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Swedish",
              "lang_code": "sv",
              "word": "besmal"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Swedish",
              "lang_code": "sv",
              "word": "bismål"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Swedish",
              "lang_code": "sv",
              "word": "bismere"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Swedish",
              "lang_code": "sv",
              "word": "besmir"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Swedish",
              "lang_code": "sv",
              "word": "bysmär"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Swedish",
              "lang_code": "sv",
              "word": "bissmid"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Old Norse",
          "lang_code": "non",
          "raw_tags": [
            "borrowed"
          ],
          "word": "bismari"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Middle Low German",
      "lang_code": "gml",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "word": "bismer"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Low German",
          "lang_code": "nds",
          "word": "Besmer"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Low German",
          "lang_code": "nds",
          "word": "Bismer"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Low German",
          "lang_code": "nds",
          "word": "Besemer"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Middle High German",
          "lang_code": "gmh",
          "raw_tags": [
            "borrowed"
          ],
          "word": "besemer"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Middle High German",
          "lang_code": "gmh",
          "raw_tags": [
            "borrowed"
          ],
          "word": "bisemer"
        },
        {
          "lang": "German",
          "lang_code": "de",
          "raw_tags": [
            "borrowed"
          ],
          "word": "Besemer"
        },
        {
          "lang": "German",
          "lang_code": "de",
          "raw_tags": [
            "borrowed"
          ],
          "word": "Besmer"
        },
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "lang": "Greenlandic",
                  "lang_code": "kl",
                  "raw_tags": [
                    "borrowed"
                  ],
                  "word": "bismeri"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "Danish",
              "lang_code": "da",
              "word": "bismer"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Faroese",
              "lang_code": "fo",
              "word": "bismari"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
              "lang_code": "nn",
              "word": "bismar"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Swedish",
              "lang_code": "sv",
              "word": "besman"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Swedish",
              "lang_code": "sv",
              "word": "betsman"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Swedish",
              "lang_code": "sv",
              "word": "besmar"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Swedish",
              "lang_code": "sv",
              "word": "besmal"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Swedish",
              "lang_code": "sv",
              "word": "bismål"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Swedish",
              "lang_code": "sv",
              "word": "bismere"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Swedish",
              "lang_code": "sv",
              "word": "besmir"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Swedish",
              "lang_code": "sv",
              "word": "bysmär"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Swedish",
              "lang_code": "sv",
              "word": "bissmid"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Old Norse",
          "lang_code": "non",
          "raw_tags": [
            "borrowed"
          ],
          "word": "bismari"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Middle Low German",
      "lang_code": "gml",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "word": "bysmer"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Low German",
          "lang_code": "nds",
          "word": "Besmer"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Low German",
          "lang_code": "nds",
          "word": "Bismer"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Low German",
          "lang_code": "nds",
          "word": "Besemer"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Middle High German",
          "lang_code": "gmh",
          "raw_tags": [
            "borrowed"
          ],
          "word": "besemer"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Middle High German",
          "lang_code": "gmh",
          "raw_tags": [
            "borrowed"
          ],
          "word": "bisemer"
        },
        {
          "lang": "German",
          "lang_code": "de",
          "raw_tags": [
            "borrowed"
          ],
          "word": "Besemer"
        },
        {
          "lang": "German",
          "lang_code": "de",
          "raw_tags": [
            "borrowed"
          ],
          "word": "Besmer"
        },
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "lang": "Greenlandic",
                  "lang_code": "kl",
                  "raw_tags": [
                    "borrowed"
                  ],
                  "word": "bismeri"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "Danish",
              "lang_code": "da",
              "word": "bismer"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Faroese",
              "lang_code": "fo",
              "word": "bismari"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
              "lang_code": "nn",
              "word": "bismar"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Swedish",
              "lang_code": "sv",
              "word": "besman"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Swedish",
              "lang_code": "sv",
              "word": "betsman"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Swedish",
              "lang_code": "sv",
              "word": "besmar"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Swedish",
              "lang_code": "sv",
              "word": "besmal"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Swedish",
              "lang_code": "sv",
              "word": "bismål"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Swedish",
              "lang_code": "sv",
              "word": "bismere"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Swedish",
              "lang_code": "sv",
              "word": "besmir"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Swedish",
              "lang_code": "sv",
              "word": "bysmär"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Swedish",
              "lang_code": "sv",
              "word": "bissmid"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Old Norse",
          "lang_code": "non",
          "raw_tags": [
            "borrowed"
          ],
          "word": "bismari"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Middle Low German",
      "lang_code": "gml",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "word": "besmere"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Latvian",
      "lang_code": "lv",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "word": "bezmēns"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Latvian",
      "lang_code": "lv",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "word": "vezmēns"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Lithuanian",
      "lang_code": "lt",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "word": "bezmė̃nas"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "orv"
      },
      "expansion": "Unknown",
      "name": "unk"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "orv",
        "2": "без-",
        "3": "мѣна"
      },
      "expansion": "без- (bez-) + мѣна (měna)",
      "name": "affix"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "orv",
        "2": "trk",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Turkic",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "orv",
        "2": "ar",
        "3": "وَزْنَة"
      },
      "expansion": "Arabic وَزْنَة (wazna)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla",
        "2": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Slavic",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ar",
        "2": "قِنْطَار"
      },
      "expansion": "Arabic قِنْطَار (qinṭār)",
      "name": "noncog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zlw-opl",
        "2": "bezmian"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Polish bezmian",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Unknown, attested from the late 14th century, which is after the Mongol invasion, so probably folk-etymologically altered after без- (bez-) + мѣна (měna) and a Turkic rendering of Arabic وَزْنَة (wazna), as most Slavic languages also have Arabic قِنْطَار (qinṭār) via Turkic to denote the steelyard, both originally units of weight. Compare Old Polish bezmian.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "bezměnŭ",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "orv",
        "10": "",
        "11": "",
        "12": "",
        "13": "",
        "14": "",
        "2": "noun",
        "3": "",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "6": "",
        "7": "",
        "8": "",
        "9": "",
        "g": "m",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "head": "",
        "sc": "",
        "tr": ""
      },
      "expansion": "безмѣнъ (bezměnŭ) m",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "m"
      },
      "expansion": "безмѣнъ (bezměnŭ) m",
      "name": "orv-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old East Slavic",
  "lang_code": "orv",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old East Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old East Slavic terms prefixed with без-",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 2 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "orv",
          "name": "Measuring instruments",
          "orig": "orv:Measuring instruments",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "stilyard"
      ],
      "id": "en-безмѣнъ-orv-noun-VVRbEUhT",
      "links": [
        [
          "stilyard",
          "steelyard"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "wikipedia": [
        "Mongol invasion"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/bɛˈzmeːnʊ/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/bʲɛˈzmʲeːnʊ/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/bʲɛˈzmʲɛːn/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/bʲɛˈzmʲeːn/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/bɛˈzmeːnʊ/",
      "note": "ca. 9ᵗʰ CE"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/bʲɛˈzmʲeːnʊ/",
      "note": "ca. 11ᵗʰ CE"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/bʲɛˈzmʲɛːn/",
      "note": "ca. 13ᵗʰ CE"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/bʲɛˈzmʲeːn/",
      "note": "ca. 13ᵗʰ CE"
    }
  ],
  "word": "безмѣнъ"
}
{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Georgian",
          "lang_code": "ka",
          "raw_tags": [
            "borrowed"
          ],
          "roman": "bazmandi",
          "word": "ბაზმანდი"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Armenian",
          "lang_code": "hy",
          "raw_tags": [
            "borrowed"
          ],
          "roman": "bezmen",
          "word": "բեզմեն"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Russian",
      "lang_code": "ru",
      "roman": "bezmén",
      "word": "безме́н"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Ukrainian",
      "lang_code": "uk",
      "roman": "bézmin",
      "word": "бе́змін"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Ukrainian",
      "lang_code": "uk",
      "roman": "bézmen",
      "word": "бе́змен"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Ukrainian",
      "lang_code": "uk",
      "roman": "bedzvin",
      "word": "бедзвін"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Ukrainian",
      "lang_code": "uk",
      "roman": "bedzmin",
      "word": "бедзмін"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Ukrainian",
      "lang_code": "uk",
      "roman": "bezmir",
      "word": "безмір"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Ukrainian",
      "lang_code": "uk",
      "roman": "bezʹman",
      "word": "безьман"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Ukrainian",
      "lang_code": "uk",
      "roman": "bezʹmin",
      "word": "безьмін"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Ukrainian",
      "lang_code": "uk",
      "roman": "bezʹmyn",
      "tags": [
        "dialectal"
      ],
      "word": "безьмин"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Low German",
          "lang_code": "nds",
          "word": "Besmer"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Low German",
          "lang_code": "nds",
          "word": "Bismer"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Low German",
          "lang_code": "nds",
          "word": "Besemer"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Middle High German",
          "lang_code": "gmh",
          "raw_tags": [
            "borrowed"
          ],
          "word": "besemer"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Middle High German",
          "lang_code": "gmh",
          "raw_tags": [
            "borrowed"
          ],
          "word": "bisemer"
        },
        {
          "lang": "German",
          "lang_code": "de",
          "raw_tags": [
            "borrowed"
          ],
          "word": "Besemer"
        },
        {
          "lang": "German",
          "lang_code": "de",
          "raw_tags": [
            "borrowed"
          ],
          "word": "Besmer"
        },
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "lang": "Greenlandic",
                  "lang_code": "kl",
                  "raw_tags": [
                    "borrowed"
                  ],
                  "word": "bismeri"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "Danish",
              "lang_code": "da",
              "word": "bismer"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Faroese",
              "lang_code": "fo",
              "word": "bismari"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
              "lang_code": "nn",
              "word": "bismar"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Swedish",
              "lang_code": "sv",
              "word": "besman"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Swedish",
              "lang_code": "sv",
              "word": "betsman"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Swedish",
              "lang_code": "sv",
              "word": "besmar"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Swedish",
              "lang_code": "sv",
              "word": "besmal"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Swedish",
              "lang_code": "sv",
              "word": "bismål"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Swedish",
              "lang_code": "sv",
              "word": "bismere"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Swedish",
              "lang_code": "sv",
              "word": "besmir"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Swedish",
              "lang_code": "sv",
              "word": "bysmär"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Swedish",
              "lang_code": "sv",
              "word": "bissmid"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Old Norse",
          "lang_code": "non",
          "raw_tags": [
            "borrowed"
          ],
          "word": "bismari"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Middle Low German",
      "lang_code": "gml",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "word": "besemer"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Low German",
          "lang_code": "nds",
          "word": "Besmer"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Low German",
          "lang_code": "nds",
          "word": "Bismer"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Low German",
          "lang_code": "nds",
          "word": "Besemer"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Middle High German",
          "lang_code": "gmh",
          "raw_tags": [
            "borrowed"
          ],
          "word": "besemer"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Middle High German",
          "lang_code": "gmh",
          "raw_tags": [
            "borrowed"
          ],
          "word": "bisemer"
        },
        {
          "lang": "German",
          "lang_code": "de",
          "raw_tags": [
            "borrowed"
          ],
          "word": "Besemer"
        },
        {
          "lang": "German",
          "lang_code": "de",
          "raw_tags": [
            "borrowed"
          ],
          "word": "Besmer"
        },
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "lang": "Greenlandic",
                  "lang_code": "kl",
                  "raw_tags": [
                    "borrowed"
                  ],
                  "word": "bismeri"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "Danish",
              "lang_code": "da",
              "word": "bismer"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Faroese",
              "lang_code": "fo",
              "word": "bismari"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
              "lang_code": "nn",
              "word": "bismar"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Swedish",
              "lang_code": "sv",
              "word": "besman"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Swedish",
              "lang_code": "sv",
              "word": "betsman"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Swedish",
              "lang_code": "sv",
              "word": "besmar"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Swedish",
              "lang_code": "sv",
              "word": "besmal"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Swedish",
              "lang_code": "sv",
              "word": "bismål"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Swedish",
              "lang_code": "sv",
              "word": "bismere"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Swedish",
              "lang_code": "sv",
              "word": "besmir"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Swedish",
              "lang_code": "sv",
              "word": "bysmär"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Swedish",
              "lang_code": "sv",
              "word": "bissmid"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Old Norse",
          "lang_code": "non",
          "raw_tags": [
            "borrowed"
          ],
          "word": "bismari"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Middle Low German",
      "lang_code": "gml",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "word": "bisemer"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Low German",
          "lang_code": "nds",
          "word": "Besmer"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Low German",
          "lang_code": "nds",
          "word": "Bismer"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Low German",
          "lang_code": "nds",
          "word": "Besemer"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Middle High German",
          "lang_code": "gmh",
          "raw_tags": [
            "borrowed"
          ],
          "word": "besemer"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Middle High German",
          "lang_code": "gmh",
          "raw_tags": [
            "borrowed"
          ],
          "word": "bisemer"
        },
        {
          "lang": "German",
          "lang_code": "de",
          "raw_tags": [
            "borrowed"
          ],
          "word": "Besemer"
        },
        {
          "lang": "German",
          "lang_code": "de",
          "raw_tags": [
            "borrowed"
          ],
          "word": "Besmer"
        },
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "lang": "Greenlandic",
                  "lang_code": "kl",
                  "raw_tags": [
                    "borrowed"
                  ],
                  "word": "bismeri"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "Danish",
              "lang_code": "da",
              "word": "bismer"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Faroese",
              "lang_code": "fo",
              "word": "bismari"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
              "lang_code": "nn",
              "word": "bismar"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Swedish",
              "lang_code": "sv",
              "word": "besman"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Swedish",
              "lang_code": "sv",
              "word": "betsman"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Swedish",
              "lang_code": "sv",
              "word": "besmar"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Swedish",
              "lang_code": "sv",
              "word": "besmal"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Swedish",
              "lang_code": "sv",
              "word": "bismål"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Swedish",
              "lang_code": "sv",
              "word": "bismere"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Swedish",
              "lang_code": "sv",
              "word": "besmir"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Swedish",
              "lang_code": "sv",
              "word": "bysmär"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Swedish",
              "lang_code": "sv",
              "word": "bissmid"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Old Norse",
          "lang_code": "non",
          "raw_tags": [
            "borrowed"
          ],
          "word": "bismari"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Middle Low German",
      "lang_code": "gml",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "word": "bismer"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Low German",
          "lang_code": "nds",
          "word": "Besmer"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Low German",
          "lang_code": "nds",
          "word": "Bismer"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Low German",
          "lang_code": "nds",
          "word": "Besemer"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Middle High German",
          "lang_code": "gmh",
          "raw_tags": [
            "borrowed"
          ],
          "word": "besemer"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Middle High German",
          "lang_code": "gmh",
          "raw_tags": [
            "borrowed"
          ],
          "word": "bisemer"
        },
        {
          "lang": "German",
          "lang_code": "de",
          "raw_tags": [
            "borrowed"
          ],
          "word": "Besemer"
        },
        {
          "lang": "German",
          "lang_code": "de",
          "raw_tags": [
            "borrowed"
          ],
          "word": "Besmer"
        },
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "lang": "Greenlandic",
                  "lang_code": "kl",
                  "raw_tags": [
                    "borrowed"
                  ],
                  "word": "bismeri"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "Danish",
              "lang_code": "da",
              "word": "bismer"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Faroese",
              "lang_code": "fo",
              "word": "bismari"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
              "lang_code": "nn",
              "word": "bismar"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Swedish",
              "lang_code": "sv",
              "word": "besman"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Swedish",
              "lang_code": "sv",
              "word": "betsman"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Swedish",
              "lang_code": "sv",
              "word": "besmar"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Swedish",
              "lang_code": "sv",
              "word": "besmal"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Swedish",
              "lang_code": "sv",
              "word": "bismål"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Swedish",
              "lang_code": "sv",
              "word": "bismere"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Swedish",
              "lang_code": "sv",
              "word": "besmir"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Swedish",
              "lang_code": "sv",
              "word": "bysmär"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Swedish",
              "lang_code": "sv",
              "word": "bissmid"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Old Norse",
          "lang_code": "non",
          "raw_tags": [
            "borrowed"
          ],
          "word": "bismari"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Middle Low German",
      "lang_code": "gml",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "word": "bysmer"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Low German",
          "lang_code": "nds",
          "word": "Besmer"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Low German",
          "lang_code": "nds",
          "word": "Bismer"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Low German",
          "lang_code": "nds",
          "word": "Besemer"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Middle High German",
          "lang_code": "gmh",
          "raw_tags": [
            "borrowed"
          ],
          "word": "besemer"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Middle High German",
          "lang_code": "gmh",
          "raw_tags": [
            "borrowed"
          ],
          "word": "bisemer"
        },
        {
          "lang": "German",
          "lang_code": "de",
          "raw_tags": [
            "borrowed"
          ],
          "word": "Besemer"
        },
        {
          "lang": "German",
          "lang_code": "de",
          "raw_tags": [
            "borrowed"
          ],
          "word": "Besmer"
        },
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "lang": "Greenlandic",
                  "lang_code": "kl",
                  "raw_tags": [
                    "borrowed"
                  ],
                  "word": "bismeri"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "Danish",
              "lang_code": "da",
              "word": "bismer"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Faroese",
              "lang_code": "fo",
              "word": "bismari"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
              "lang_code": "nn",
              "word": "bismar"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Swedish",
              "lang_code": "sv",
              "word": "besman"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Swedish",
              "lang_code": "sv",
              "word": "betsman"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Swedish",
              "lang_code": "sv",
              "word": "besmar"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Swedish",
              "lang_code": "sv",
              "word": "besmal"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Swedish",
              "lang_code": "sv",
              "word": "bismål"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Swedish",
              "lang_code": "sv",
              "word": "bismere"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Swedish",
              "lang_code": "sv",
              "word": "besmir"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Swedish",
              "lang_code": "sv",
              "word": "bysmär"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Swedish",
              "lang_code": "sv",
              "word": "bissmid"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Old Norse",
          "lang_code": "non",
          "raw_tags": [
            "borrowed"
          ],
          "word": "bismari"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Middle Low German",
      "lang_code": "gml",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "word": "besmere"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Latvian",
      "lang_code": "lv",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "word": "bezmēns"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Latvian",
      "lang_code": "lv",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "word": "vezmēns"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Lithuanian",
      "lang_code": "lt",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "word": "bezmė̃nas"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "orv"
      },
      "expansion": "Unknown",
      "name": "unk"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "orv",
        "2": "без-",
        "3": "мѣна"
      },
      "expansion": "без- (bez-) + мѣна (měna)",
      "name": "affix"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "orv",
        "2": "trk",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Turkic",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "orv",
        "2": "ar",
        "3": "وَزْنَة"
      },
      "expansion": "Arabic وَزْنَة (wazna)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla",
        "2": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Slavic",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ar",
        "2": "قِنْطَار"
      },
      "expansion": "Arabic قِنْطَار (qinṭār)",
      "name": "noncog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zlw-opl",
        "2": "bezmian"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Polish bezmian",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Unknown, attested from the late 14th century, which is after the Mongol invasion, so probably folk-etymologically altered after без- (bez-) + мѣна (měna) and a Turkic rendering of Arabic وَزْنَة (wazna), as most Slavic languages also have Arabic قِنْطَار (qinṭār) via Turkic to denote the steelyard, both originally units of weight. Compare Old Polish bezmian.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "bezměnŭ",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "orv",
        "10": "",
        "11": "",
        "12": "",
        "13": "",
        "14": "",
        "2": "noun",
        "3": "",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "6": "",
        "7": "",
        "8": "",
        "9": "",
        "g": "m",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "head": "",
        "sc": "",
        "tr": ""
      },
      "expansion": "безмѣнъ (bezměnŭ) m",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "m"
      },
      "expansion": "безмѣнъ (bezměnŭ) m",
      "name": "orv-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old East Slavic",
  "lang_code": "orv",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Old East Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
        "Old East Slavic lemmas",
        "Old East Slavic masculine nouns",
        "Old East Slavic nouns",
        "Old East Slavic terms borrowed from Turkic languages",
        "Old East Slavic terms derived from Arabic",
        "Old East Slavic terms derived from Turkic languages",
        "Old East Slavic terms prefixed with без-",
        "Old East Slavic terms with IPA pronunciation",
        "Old East Slavic terms with unknown etymologies",
        "Pages with 2 entries",
        "Pages with entries",
        "orv:Measuring instruments"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "stilyard"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "stilyard",
          "steelyard"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "wikipedia": [
        "Mongol invasion"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/bɛˈzmeːnʊ/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/bʲɛˈzmʲeːnʊ/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/bʲɛˈzmʲɛːn/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/bʲɛˈzmʲeːn/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/bɛˈzmeːnʊ/",
      "note": "ca. 9ᵗʰ CE"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/bʲɛˈzmʲeːnʊ/",
      "note": "ca. 11ᵗʰ CE"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/bʲɛˈzmʲɛːn/",
      "note": "ca. 13ᵗʰ CE"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/bʲɛˈzmʲeːn/",
      "note": "ca. 13ᵗʰ CE"
    }
  ],
  "word": "безмѣнъ"
}

Download raw JSONL data for безмѣнъ meaning in Old East Slavic (11.6kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Old East Slavic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-08-29 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-08-23 using wiktextract (ffdbfc3 and b9346a0). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.