See rosen in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "roose"
},
"expansion": "English: roose",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: roose"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "ruise"
},
"expansion": "Scots: ruise",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: ruise"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "non",
"3": "hrósa"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse hrósa",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*hrōþsōną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hrōþsōną",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Norse hrósa, from Proto-Germanic *hrōþsōną.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "roseth",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "rosende",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "rosynge",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "rosed",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"participle",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "enm-conj-wk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "rosen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "to rosen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "rose",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "rose",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rosed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rosest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rosedest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "roseth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "rosed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "rose",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "rosed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "rose",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rosen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "rose",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "roseden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rosede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "roseth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "rose",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rosynge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "rosende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "rosed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "yrosed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "rosen",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"stem": "ros"
},
"expansion": "rosen (third-person singular simple present roseth, present participle rosende, rosynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle rosed)",
"name": "enm-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ros"
},
"name": "enm-conj-wk"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "31 20 2 0 27 3 13 3 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 9 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 20 1 0 29 2 13 2 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "32 39 20 9 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English terms suffixed with -en (noun plural)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To boast; to self-aggrandise."
],
"id": "en-rosen-enm-verb-enm:to_boast",
"links": [
[
"boast",
"boast"
],
[
"self-",
"self-"
],
[
"aggrandise",
"aggrandise"
]
],
"senseid": [
"enm:to boast"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To flatter; to praise."
],
"id": "en-rosen-enm-verb-0bY1vrix",
"links": [
[
"flatter",
"flatter"
],
[
"praise",
"praise"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"To talk, to say."
],
"id": "en-rosen-enm-verb-9EpjynSQ",
"links": [
[
"talk",
"talk"
],
[
"say",
"say"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) To talk, to say."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈroːzən/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "ros"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "rose"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "rosenn"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Northern"
],
"word": "royse"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "rowse"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "ruse"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "ruson"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "ruysse"
}
],
"word": "rosen"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "rosen"
},
"expansion": "English: rosen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: rosen"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "rōsen"
},
"expansion": "Old English rōsen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "fro",
"3": "rosin"
},
"expansion": "Old French rosin",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "rose",
"3": "-en",
"id2": "made of",
"t2": "made of"
},
"expansion": "rose + -en (“made of”)",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English rōsen and Old French rosin; equivalent to rose + -en (“made of”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rosene",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rosene",
"tags": [
"singular",
"weak"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "adjective",
"3": "plural and weak singular",
"4": "rosene",
"5": "",
"6": "{{{2}}}",
"7": "",
"8": "{{{3}}}",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "rosen (plural and weak singular rosene)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "rosene"
},
"expansion": "rosen (plural and weak singular rosene)",
"name": "enm-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "31 20 2 0 27 3 13 3 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 9 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 20 1 0 29 2 13 2 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "54 6 34 6 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "32 39 20 9 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English terms suffixed with -en (noun plural)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English terms suffixed with -en (made of)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "49 10 32 9 0",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Flowers",
"orig": "enm:Flowers",
"parents": [
"Plants",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"rosy (made of or like rose)"
],
"id": "en-rosen-enm-adj-enm:rosy",
"links": [
[
"rosy",
"rosy"
]
],
"senseid": [
"enm:rosy"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "rosyn"
},
{
"word": "rosyne"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈroːzən/"
},
{
"ipa": "/rɔˈziːn/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈrɔːzin/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈrɔːzən/"
}
],
"word": "rosen"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "rōsan"
},
"expansion": "Old English rōsan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "rose",
"3": "-en",
"id2": "noun plural",
"pos2": "plural suffix"
},
"expansion": "rose + -en (plural suffix)",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English rōsan; equivalent to rose + -en (plural suffix).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "noun form"
},
"expansion": "rosen",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "32 39 20 9 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English terms suffixed with -en (noun plural)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "rose"
}
],
"glosses": [
"plural of rose"
],
"id": "en-rosen-enm-noun-enm:roses",
"links": [
[
"rose",
"rose#Middle_English"
]
],
"senseid": [
"enm:roses"
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"plural"
]
}
],
"word": "rosen"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English non-lemma forms",
"Middle English noun forms",
"Middle English terms borrowed from Old Norse",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Old Norse",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English terms suffixed with -en (noun plural)",
"Middle English verbs",
"Middle English weak verbs",
"Pages with 9 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"enm:Flowers"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "roose"
},
"expansion": "English: roose",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: roose"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "ruise"
},
"expansion": "Scots: ruise",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: ruise"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "non",
"3": "hrósa"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse hrósa",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*hrōþsōną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hrōþsōną",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Norse hrósa, from Proto-Germanic *hrōþsōną.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "roseth",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "rosende",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "rosynge",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "rosed",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"participle",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "enm-conj-wk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "rosen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "to rosen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "rose",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "rose",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rosed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rosest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rosedest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "roseth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "rosed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "rose",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "rosed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "rose",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rosen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "rose",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "roseden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rosede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "roseth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "rose",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rosynge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "rosende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "rosed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "yrosed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "rosen",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"stem": "ros"
},
"expansion": "rosen (third-person singular simple present roseth, present participle rosende, rosynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle rosed)",
"name": "enm-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ros"
},
"name": "enm-conj-wk"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"To boast; to self-aggrandise."
],
"links": [
[
"boast",
"boast"
],
[
"self-",
"self-"
],
[
"aggrandise",
"aggrandise"
]
],
"senseid": [
"enm:to boast"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To flatter; to praise."
],
"links": [
[
"flatter",
"flatter"
],
[
"praise",
"praise"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"To talk, to say."
],
"links": [
[
"talk",
"talk"
],
[
"say",
"say"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) To talk, to say."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈroːzən/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "ros"
},
{
"word": "rose"
},
{
"word": "rosenn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Northern"
],
"word": "royse"
},
{
"word": "rowse"
},
{
"word": "ruse"
},
{
"word": "ruson"
},
{
"word": "ruysse"
}
],
"word": "rosen"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English adjectives",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English non-lemma forms",
"Middle English noun forms",
"Middle English terms borrowed from Old French",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Old French",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English terms suffixed with -en (made of)",
"Middle English terms suffixed with -en (noun plural)",
"Pages with 9 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"enm:Flowers"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "rosen"
},
"expansion": "English: rosen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: rosen"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "rōsen"
},
"expansion": "Old English rōsen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "fro",
"3": "rosin"
},
"expansion": "Old French rosin",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "rose",
"3": "-en",
"id2": "made of",
"t2": "made of"
},
"expansion": "rose + -en (“made of”)",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English rōsen and Old French rosin; equivalent to rose + -en (“made of”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rosene",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rosene",
"tags": [
"singular",
"weak"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "adjective",
"3": "plural and weak singular",
"4": "rosene",
"5": "",
"6": "{{{2}}}",
"7": "",
"8": "{{{3}}}",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "rosen (plural and weak singular rosene)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "rosene"
},
"expansion": "rosen (plural and weak singular rosene)",
"name": "enm-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"rosy (made of or like rose)"
],
"links": [
[
"rosy",
"rosy"
]
],
"senseid": [
"enm:rosy"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈroːzən/"
},
{
"ipa": "/rɔˈziːn/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈrɔːzin/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈrɔːzən/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "rosyn"
},
{
"word": "rosyne"
}
],
"word": "rosen"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English non-lemma forms",
"Middle English noun forms",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English terms suffixed with -en (noun plural)",
"Pages with 9 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"enm:Flowers"
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "rōsan"
},
"expansion": "Old English rōsan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "rose",
"3": "-en",
"id2": "noun plural",
"pos2": "plural suffix"
},
"expansion": "rose + -en (plural suffix)",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English rōsan; equivalent to rose + -en (plural suffix).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "noun form"
},
"expansion": "rosen",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "rose"
}
],
"glosses": [
"plural of rose"
],
"links": [
[
"rose",
"rose#Middle_English"
]
],
"senseid": [
"enm:roses"
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"plural"
]
}
],
"word": "rosen"
}
Download raw JSONL data for rosen meaning in Middle English (7.8kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-08 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-01 using wiktextract (9a96ef4 and 4ed51a5). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.