See hough in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "hough",
"3": "hoff",
"4": "hock"
},
"expansion": "English: hough, hoff, hock",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: hough, hoff, hock"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "hoch",
"3": "houch"
},
"expansion": "Scots: hoch, houch",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: hoch, houch"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yol",
"2": "houghany",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Yola: houghany",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Yola: houghany"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "hough"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "hōh",
"id": "heel",
"t": "heel"
},
"expansion": "Old English hōh (“heel”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*hą̄h"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *hą̄h",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*hanhaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hanhaz",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English hōh (“heel”), from Proto-West Germanic *hą̄h, from Proto-Germanic *hanhaz. Compare hele (“heel”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "houghes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ho",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "hoche",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "hogh",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "hoȝ",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "hokke",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "hoo",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "houȝ",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "houe",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "howe",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "howghe",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "howh",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
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"2": "nouns",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "hough",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "houghes"
},
"expansion": "hough (plural houghes)",
"name": "enm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "hokschyne"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "32 18 18 32",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Limbs",
"orig": "enm:Limbs",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The heel (rear of a foot)"
],
"id": "en-hough-enm-noun-bSInFAni",
"links": [
[
"heel",
"heel"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "hele"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "32 18 18 32",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Limbs",
"orig": "enm:Limbs",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The hough (bend of the knee)"
],
"id": "en-hough-enm-noun-u3EIT034",
"links": [
[
"hough",
"hough#English"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "14 5 77 5",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Cuts of meat",
"orig": "enm:Cuts of meat",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "32 18 18 32",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Limbs",
"orig": "enm:Limbs",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The hock or its meat."
],
"id": "en-hough-enm-noun-GSJJUdFP",
"links": [
[
"hock",
"hock"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/huːx/"
},
{
"ipa": "/hoː/"
},
{
"ipa": "/hɔx/"
},
{
"ipa": "/hɔk/"
}
],
"word": "hough"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "heugh"
},
"expansion": "English: heugh",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: heugh; hoe, hogh, hough, how"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "heuch"
},
"expansion": "Scots: heuch",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: heuch"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "promontory"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "hōh",
"id": "promontory",
"t": "promontory"
},
"expansion": "Old English hōh (“promontory”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "haugr",
"t": "hill, mound"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse haugr (“hill, mound”)",
"name": "noncog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English hōh (“promontory”), related to hōn (“to hang”). Reinforced by unrelated Old Norse haugr (“hill, mound”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ho",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "hogh",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "hoghe",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "how",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "hough",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "18 11 18 54",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Animal body parts",
"orig": "enm:Animal body parts",
"parents": [
"Body parts",
"Anatomy"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 14 16 55",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Landforms",
"orig": "enm:Landforms",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "32 18 18 32",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Limbs",
"orig": "enm:Limbs",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"promontory, cliff"
],
"id": "en-hough-enm-noun-gB2RWIsy",
"links": [
[
"promontory",
"promontory"
],
[
"cliff",
"cliff"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/hoː/"
},
{
"ipa": "/huːx/"
}
],
"word": "hough"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English nouns",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"enm:Animal body parts",
"enm:Cuts of meat",
"enm:Landforms",
"enm:Limbs"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "hough",
"3": "hoff",
"4": "hock"
},
"expansion": "English: hough, hoff, hock",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: hough, hoff, hock"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "hoch",
"3": "houch"
},
"expansion": "Scots: hoch, houch",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: hoch, houch"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yol",
"2": "houghany",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Yola: houghany",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Yola: houghany"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "hough"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "hōh",
"id": "heel",
"t": "heel"
},
"expansion": "Old English hōh (“heel”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*hą̄h"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *hą̄h",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*hanhaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hanhaz",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English hōh (“heel”), from Proto-West Germanic *hą̄h, from Proto-Germanic *hanhaz. Compare hele (“heel”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "houghes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ho",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "hoche",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "hogh",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "hoȝ",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "hokke",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "hoo",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "houȝ",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "houe",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "howe",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "howghe",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "howh",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "nouns",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "hough",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "houghes"
},
"expansion": "hough (plural houghes)",
"name": "enm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "hokschyne"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"The heel (rear of a foot)"
],
"links": [
[
"heel",
"heel"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "hele"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"The hough (bend of the knee)"
],
"links": [
[
"hough",
"hough#English"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"The hock or its meat."
],
"links": [
[
"hock",
"hock"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/huːx/"
},
{
"ipa": "/hoː/"
},
{
"ipa": "/hɔx/"
},
{
"ipa": "/hɔk/"
}
],
"word": "hough"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English nouns",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"enm:Animal body parts",
"enm:Cuts of meat",
"enm:Landforms",
"enm:Limbs"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "heugh"
},
"expansion": "English: heugh",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: heugh; hoe, hogh, hough, how"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "heuch"
},
"expansion": "Scots: heuch",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: heuch"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "promontory"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "hōh",
"id": "promontory",
"t": "promontory"
},
"expansion": "Old English hōh (“promontory”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "haugr",
"t": "hill, mound"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse haugr (“hill, mound”)",
"name": "noncog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English hōh (“promontory”), related to hōn (“to hang”). Reinforced by unrelated Old Norse haugr (“hill, mound”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ho",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "hogh",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "hoghe",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "how",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "hough",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"promontory, cliff"
],
"links": [
[
"promontory",
"promontory"
],
[
"cliff",
"cliff"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/hoː/"
},
{
"ipa": "/huːx/"
}
],
"word": "hough"
}
Download raw JSONL data for hough meaning in Middle English (4.6kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-06-16 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-06-01 using wiktextract (074e7de and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.