See herde in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for herde meaning in Middle English (11.4kB)
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "herd"
},
"expansion": "English: herd",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: herd"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "herd",
"3": "hird"
},
"expansion": "Scots: herd, hird",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: herd, hird"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "herd"
},
"expansion": "table",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "heord"
},
"expansion": "Old English heord",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "hierd"
},
"expansion": "hierd",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*herdu"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *herdu",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*herdō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *herdō",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "table\nFrom the oblique forms of Old English heord, hierd, from Proto-West Germanic *herdu, from Proto-Germanic *herdō.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "herdes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "nouns",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "herde",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "herde (plural herdes)",
"name": "enm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"herd (group of domesticated animals)"
],
"id": "en-herde-enm-noun-enm:group",
"links": [
[
"herd",
"herd"
]
],
"senseid": [
"enm:group"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"flock, swarm (group of wild animals)"
],
"id": "en-herde-enm-noun-GqWT6FAD",
"links": [
[
"flock",
"flock"
],
[
"swarm",
"swarm"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "3 7 26 7 20 24 6 1 3 3",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Occupations",
"orig": "enm:Occupations",
"parents": [
"People",
"Work",
"Human",
"Human activity",
"All topics",
"Human behaviour",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"followers of a religious leader"
],
"id": "en-herde-enm-noun-o0ABKZoQ",
"links": [
[
"followers",
"followers"
],
[
"religious",
"religious"
],
[
"leader",
"leader"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) followers of a religious leader"
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈhɛːrd(ə)/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈheːrd(ə)/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "heerd"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Early-Middle-English"
],
"word": "hierde"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "heerde"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "herd"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "hird"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "hirde"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "heorde"
}
],
"word": "herde"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "herd"
},
"expansion": "English: herd",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: herd"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "herd",
"3": "hird"
},
"expansion": "Scots: herd, hird",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: herd, hird"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "herder"
},
"expansion": "table",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "hierde"
},
"expansion": "Old English hierde",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*hirdī"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *hirdī",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*hirdijaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hirdijaz",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "table\nFrom Old English hierde, from Proto-West Germanic *hirdī, from Proto-Germanic *hirdijaz.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "herdes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "herden",
"tags": [
"error-unknown-tag",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "nouns",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "herde",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"pl2": "herden",
"pl2_qual": "early"
},
"expansion": "herde (plural herdes or (early) herden)",
"name": "enm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "couherde"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "gosherde"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "herdeman"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "oxeherde"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "schepherde"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "swynherde"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"herdsman, herder"
],
"id": "en-herde-enm-noun-enm:herdsman",
"links": [
[
"herdsman",
"herdsman"
],
[
"herder",
"herder"
]
],
"senseid": [
"enm:herdsman"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "5 9 9 7 13 22 19 2 7 8",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Fibers",
"orig": "enm:Fibers",
"parents": [
"Materials",
"Manufacturing",
"Human activity",
"Human behaviour",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 7 26 7 20 24 6 1 3 3",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Occupations",
"orig": "enm:Occupations",
"parents": [
"People",
"Work",
"Human",
"Human activity",
"All topics",
"Human behaviour",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"ruler, director, guide"
],
"id": "en-herde-enm-noun-nO73jxBu",
"links": [
[
"ruler",
"ruler"
],
[
"director",
"director"
],
[
"guide",
"guide"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively) ruler, director, guide"
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "6 14 8 21 2 36 6 1 3 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 13 7 23 3 34 7 1 3 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 13 8 14 3 34 6 2 6 7",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Agriculture",
"orig": "enm:Agriculture",
"parents": [
"Applied sciences",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 18 11 10 2 32 5 5 2 2",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Collectives",
"orig": "enm:Collectives",
"parents": [
"Miscellaneous",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 9 9 7 13 22 19 2 7 8",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Fibers",
"orig": "enm:Fibers",
"parents": [
"Materials",
"Manufacturing",
"Human activity",
"Human behaviour",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 7 26 7 20 24 6 1 3 3",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Occupations",
"orig": "enm:Occupations",
"parents": [
"People",
"Work",
"Human",
"Human activity",
"All topics",
"Human behaviour",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 5 9 0 0 80 0 2 0 0",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Religion",
"orig": "enm:Religion",
"parents": [
"Culture",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 16 7 17 3 29 5 2 5 6",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Livestock",
"orig": "enm:Livestock",
"parents": [
"Agriculture",
"Animals",
"Applied sciences",
"Lifeforms",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"spiritual leader"
],
"id": "en-herde-enm-noun-bDxRKDHB",
"links": [
[
"spiritual",
"spiritual"
],
[
"leader",
"leader"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively) spiritual leader"
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈhɛːrd(ə)/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈheːrd(ə)/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈhiːrd(ə)/",
"tags": [
"dialectal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈhyːrd(ə)/",
"tags": [
"dialectal"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "heerde"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "herd"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "hird"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "hirde"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "heorde"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "heirde"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "hert"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "heurde"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "hierde"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "hurd"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "huyrde"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "hyrd"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "hurde"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "hyrde"
}
],
"word": "herde"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "hards",
"3": "hurds",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ English: hards, hurds",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "from the plural"
},
"expansion": "(from the plural)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "⇒ English: hards, hurds (from the plural)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "hards",
"3": "harden",
"4": "harn",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Scots: hards, harden, harn",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "from the plural"
},
"expansion": "(from the plural)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Scots: hards, harden, harn (from the plural)"
}
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "hards"
},
"expansion": "table",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "heorde"
},
"expansion": "Old English heorde",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*heʀdā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *heʀdā",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "table\nFrom Old English heorde, from Proto-West Germanic *heʀdā.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "herdes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "herden",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "nouns",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "herde",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"pl2": "herden"
},
"expansion": "herde (plural herdes or herden)",
"name": "enm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "5 9 9 7 13 22 19 2 7 8",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Fibers",
"orig": "enm:Fibers",
"parents": [
"Materials",
"Manufacturing",
"Human activity",
"Human behaviour",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A short, coarse flax or hemp fibre; a piece of hurds."
],
"id": "en-herde-enm-noun-GImZFe5d",
"links": [
[
"short",
"short"
],
[
"coarse",
"coarse"
],
[
"flax",
"flax"
],
[
"hemp",
"hemp"
],
[
"fibre",
"fibre"
],
[
"hurds",
"hurds"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(usually in the plural) A short, coarse flax or hemp fibre; a piece of hurds."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "harde"
},
{
"word": "hearde"
}
],
"tags": [
"plural-normally"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈhɛːrd(ə)/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈheːrd(ə)/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈhɛrd(ə)/",
"tags": [
"Late"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈhard(ə)/",
"tags": [
"Late"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "heorde"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "hurde"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "hyrde"
}
],
"word": "herde"
}
{
"etymology_number": 4,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "herde",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "household",
"word": "hird"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of hird (“household”)"
],
"id": "en-herde-enm-noun-QFpQ8VaX",
"links": [
[
"hird",
"hird#Middle_English:_household"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "herde"
}
{
"etymology_number": 5,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "herde",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "heren"
}
],
"glosses": [
"first/third-person singular past indicative of heren"
],
"id": "en-herde-enm-verb-GCxPo91R",
"links": [
[
"heren",
"heren#Middle English"
]
],
"tags": [
"first-person",
"form-of",
"indicative",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "heren"
}
],
"glosses": [
"second-person singular past indicative of heren"
],
"id": "en-herde-enm-verb-Ws6haGDj",
"links": [
[
"heren",
"heren#Middle English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(dialectal) second-person singular past indicative of heren"
],
"tags": [
"dialectal",
"form-of",
"indicative",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
}
],
"word": "herde"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English nouns",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Middle English verbs",
"enm:Agriculture",
"enm:Collectives",
"enm:Fibers",
"enm:Livestock",
"enm:Occupations",
"enm:Religion"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "herd"
},
"expansion": "English: herd",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: herd"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "herd",
"3": "hird"
},
"expansion": "Scots: herd, hird",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: herd, hird"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "herd"
},
"expansion": "table",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "heord"
},
"expansion": "Old English heord",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "hierd"
},
"expansion": "hierd",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*herdu"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *herdu",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*herdō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *herdō",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "table\nFrom the oblique forms of Old English heord, hierd, from Proto-West Germanic *herdu, from Proto-Germanic *herdō.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "herdes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "nouns",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "herde",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "herde (plural herdes)",
"name": "enm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"herd (group of domesticated animals)"
],
"links": [
[
"herd",
"herd"
]
],
"senseid": [
"enm:group"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"flock, swarm (group of wild animals)"
],
"links": [
[
"flock",
"flock"
],
[
"swarm",
"swarm"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"followers of a religious leader"
],
"links": [
[
"followers",
"followers"
],
[
"religious",
"religious"
],
[
"leader",
"leader"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) followers of a religious leader"
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈhɛːrd(ə)/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈheːrd(ə)/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "heerd"
},
{
"word": "heerde"
},
{
"word": "herd"
},
{
"word": "hird"
},
{
"word": "hirde"
},
{
"word": "heorde"
},
{
"tags": [
"Early-Middle-English"
],
"word": "hierde"
}
],
"word": "herde"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English nouns",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Middle English verbs",
"enm:Agriculture",
"enm:Collectives",
"enm:Fibers",
"enm:Livestock",
"enm:Occupations",
"enm:Religion"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "herd"
},
"expansion": "English: herd",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: herd"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "herd",
"3": "hird"
},
"expansion": "Scots: herd, hird",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: herd, hird"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "herder"
},
"expansion": "table",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "hierde"
},
"expansion": "Old English hierde",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*hirdī"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *hirdī",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*hirdijaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hirdijaz",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "table\nFrom Old English hierde, from Proto-West Germanic *hirdī, from Proto-Germanic *hirdijaz.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "herdes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "herden",
"tags": [
"error-unknown-tag",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "nouns",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "herde",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"pl2": "herden",
"pl2_qual": "early"
},
"expansion": "herde (plural herdes or (early) herden)",
"name": "enm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "couherde"
},
{
"word": "gosherde"
},
{
"word": "herdeman"
},
{
"word": "oxeherde"
},
{
"word": "schepherde"
},
{
"word": "swynherde"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"herdsman, herder"
],
"links": [
[
"herdsman",
"herdsman"
],
[
"herder",
"herder"
]
],
"senseid": [
"enm:herdsman"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"ruler, director, guide"
],
"links": [
[
"ruler",
"ruler"
],
[
"director",
"director"
],
[
"guide",
"guide"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively) ruler, director, guide"
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"spiritual leader"
],
"links": [
[
"spiritual",
"spiritual"
],
[
"leader",
"leader"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively) spiritual leader"
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈhɛːrd(ə)/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈheːrd(ə)/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈhiːrd(ə)/",
"tags": [
"dialectal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈhyːrd(ə)/",
"tags": [
"dialectal"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "heerde"
},
{
"word": "heirde"
},
{
"word": "heorde"
},
{
"word": "herd"
},
{
"word": "hert"
},
{
"word": "heurde"
},
{
"word": "hierde"
},
{
"word": "hird"
},
{
"word": "hirde"
},
{
"word": "hurd"
},
{
"word": "hurde"
},
{
"word": "huyrde"
},
{
"word": "hyrd"
},
{
"word": "hyrde"
}
],
"word": "herde"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English nouns",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Middle English verbs",
"enm:Agriculture",
"enm:Collectives",
"enm:Fibers",
"enm:Livestock",
"enm:Occupations",
"enm:Religion"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "hards",
"3": "hurds",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ English: hards, hurds",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "from the plural"
},
"expansion": "(from the plural)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "⇒ English: hards, hurds (from the plural)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "hards",
"3": "harden",
"4": "harn",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Scots: hards, harden, harn",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "from the plural"
},
"expansion": "(from the plural)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Scots: hards, harden, harn (from the plural)"
}
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "hards"
},
"expansion": "table",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "heorde"
},
"expansion": "Old English heorde",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*heʀdā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *heʀdā",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "table\nFrom Old English heorde, from Proto-West Germanic *heʀdā.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "herdes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "herden",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "nouns",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "herde",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"pl2": "herden"
},
"expansion": "herde (plural herdes or herden)",
"name": "enm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"A short, coarse flax or hemp fibre; a piece of hurds."
],
"links": [
[
"short",
"short"
],
[
"coarse",
"coarse"
],
[
"flax",
"flax"
],
[
"hemp",
"hemp"
],
[
"fibre",
"fibre"
],
[
"hurds",
"hurds"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(usually in the plural) A short, coarse flax or hemp fibre; a piece of hurds."
],
"tags": [
"plural-normally"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈhɛːrd(ə)/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈheːrd(ə)/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈhɛrd(ə)/",
"tags": [
"Late"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈhard(ə)/",
"tags": [
"Late"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "harde"
},
{
"word": "hearde"
},
{
"word": "heorde"
},
{
"word": "hurde"
},
{
"word": "hyrde"
}
],
"word": "herde"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English nouns",
"Middle English verbs",
"enm:Agriculture",
"enm:Collectives",
"enm:Fibers",
"enm:Livestock",
"enm:Occupations",
"enm:Religion"
],
"etymology_number": 4,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "herde",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "household",
"word": "hird"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of hird (“household”)"
],
"links": [
[
"hird",
"hird#Middle_English:_household"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "herde"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English verbs",
"enm:Agriculture",
"enm:Collectives",
"enm:Fibers",
"enm:Livestock",
"enm:Occupations",
"enm:Religion"
],
"etymology_number": 5,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "herde",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Middle English first/third-person singular past forms"
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "heren"
}
],
"glosses": [
"first/third-person singular past indicative of heren"
],
"links": [
[
"heren",
"heren#Middle English"
]
],
"tags": [
"first-person",
"form-of",
"indicative",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English dialectal terms",
"Middle English second-person singular past forms"
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "heren"
}
],
"glosses": [
"second-person singular past indicative of heren"
],
"links": [
[
"heren",
"heren#Middle English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(dialectal) second-person singular past indicative of heren"
],
"tags": [
"dialectal",
"form-of",
"indicative",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
}
],
"word": "herde"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.