See graven in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for graven meaning in Middle English (8.4kB)
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "grave",
"qq": "obsolete"
},
"expansion": "English: grave (obsolete)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: grave (obsolete)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "engrave",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ English: engrave",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ English: engrave"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "grave"
},
"expansion": "Scots: grave",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: grave"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "grafan"
},
"expansion": "Old English grafan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*graban"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *graban",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*grabaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *grabaną",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English grafan, from Proto-West Germanic *graban, from Proto-Germanic *grabaną.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "strong weak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "enm-conj-st",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "6 or weak in -ed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "graven",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "to graven",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "grave",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "grave",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grof",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "graved",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gravest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grove",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grof",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gravedest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "graveth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "grof",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "graved",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "grave",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "grove",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "graved",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "grave",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "graven",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "grave",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "groven",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grove",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "graveden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gravede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "graveth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "grave",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gravynge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "gravende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "graven",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "grave",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "graved",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ygraven",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ygrave",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ygraved",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "graven",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grav",
"2": "grof",
"3": "grov",
"4": "grav",
"c": "6",
"w": "ed",
"y": "2"
},
"name": "enm-conj-st"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "grave"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "gravere"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "17 3 3 25 25 27 1",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Appearance",
"orig": "enm:Appearance",
"parents": [
"Perception",
"Body",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 9 2 6 6 38 2",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Burial",
"orig": "enm:Burial",
"parents": [
"Death",
"Society",
"Body",
"Life",
"All topics",
"Human",
"Nature",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To dig or excavate:",
"To bury, especially to inhume or entomb."
],
"id": "en-graven-enm-verb-NZRHi937",
"links": [
[
"dig",
"dig"
],
[
"excavate",
"excavate"
],
[
"bury",
"bury"
],
[
"inhume",
"inhume"
],
[
"entomb",
"entomb"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "6 41 4 10 8 26 4",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Agriculture",
"orig": "enm:Agriculture",
"parents": [
"Applied sciences",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To dig or excavate:",
"To dig up the ground (for agriculture, excavation, etc.)"
],
"id": "en-graven-enm-verb-fDBxA-dV",
"links": [
[
"dig",
"dig"
],
[
"excavate",
"excavate"
],
[
"agriculture",
"agriculture#English"
],
[
"excavation",
"excavation#English"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"To dig or excavate:",
"To dig into one's hands."
],
"id": "en-graven-enm-verb-6cu5h2kI",
"links": [
[
"dig",
"dig"
],
[
"excavate",
"excavate"
],
[
"hand",
"hand"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"To dig or excavate:",
"(rare) To dig into one's hands."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "17 3 3 25 25 27 1",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Appearance",
"orig": "enm:Appearance",
"parents": [
"Perception",
"Body",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To carve or adorn:",
"To carve or engrave (with inscriptions or carvings)"
],
"id": "en-graven-enm-verb-xKk~6xia",
"links": [
[
"carve",
"carve"
],
[
"adorn",
"adorn"
],
[
"engrave",
"engrave"
],
[
"inscription",
"inscription#English"
],
[
"carving",
"carving#English"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "17 3 3 25 25 27 1",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Appearance",
"orig": "enm:Appearance",
"parents": [
"Perception",
"Body",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To carve or adorn:",
"To sculpt; to carve with a chisel."
],
"id": "en-graven-enm-verb-pZDLVlZh",
"links": [
[
"carve",
"carve"
],
[
"adorn",
"adorn"
],
[
"sculpt",
"sculpt"
],
[
"chisel",
"chisel"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "8 20 5 8 4 49 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 21 5 7 4 47 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 3 3 25 25 27 1",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Appearance",
"orig": "enm:Appearance",
"parents": [
"Perception",
"Body",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 9 2 6 6 38 2",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Burial",
"orig": "enm:Burial",
"parents": [
"Death",
"Society",
"Body",
"Life",
"All topics",
"Human",
"Nature",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 14 10 10 15 30 9",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Crafts",
"orig": "enm:Crafts",
"parents": [
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To carve or adorn:",
"To adorn with precious metal."
],
"id": "en-graven-enm-verb-0X~8DOg4",
"links": [
[
"carve",
"carve"
],
[
"adorn",
"adorn"
],
[
"metal",
"metal"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To impress deeply on the mind."
],
"id": "en-graven-enm-verb-2t1u6SfG",
"links": [
[
"impress",
"impress"
],
[
"mind",
"mind"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative) To impress deeply on the mind."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɡraːvən/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "grafe"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "grave"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "gravyn"
}
],
"word": "graven"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English class 6 strong verbs",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Middle English verbs",
"Middle English weak verbs",
"enm:Agriculture",
"enm:Appearance",
"enm:Burial",
"enm:Crafts"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "grave",
"qq": "obsolete"
},
"expansion": "English: grave (obsolete)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: grave (obsolete)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "engrave",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ English: engrave",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ English: engrave"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "grave"
},
"expansion": "Scots: grave",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: grave"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "grafan"
},
"expansion": "Old English grafan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*graban"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *graban",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*grabaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *grabaną",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English grafan, from Proto-West Germanic *graban, from Proto-Germanic *grabaną.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "strong weak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "enm-conj-st",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "6 or weak in -ed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "graven",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "to graven",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "grave",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "grave",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grof",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "graved",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gravest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grove",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grof",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gravedest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "graveth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "grof",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "graved",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "grave",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "grove",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "graved",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "grave",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "graven",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "grave",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "groven",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grove",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "graveden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gravede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "graveth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "grave",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gravynge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "gravende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "graven",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "grave",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "graved",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ygraven",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ygrave",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ygraved",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "graven",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grav",
"2": "grof",
"3": "grov",
"4": "grav",
"c": "6",
"w": "ed",
"y": "2"
},
"name": "enm-conj-st"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"word": "grave"
},
{
"word": "gravere"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"To dig or excavate:",
"To bury, especially to inhume or entomb."
],
"links": [
[
"dig",
"dig"
],
[
"excavate",
"excavate"
],
[
"bury",
"bury"
],
[
"inhume",
"inhume"
],
[
"entomb",
"entomb"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To dig or excavate:",
"To dig up the ground (for agriculture, excavation, etc.)"
],
"links": [
[
"dig",
"dig"
],
[
"excavate",
"excavate"
],
[
"agriculture",
"agriculture#English"
],
[
"excavation",
"excavation#English"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"To dig or excavate:",
"To dig into one's hands."
],
"links": [
[
"dig",
"dig"
],
[
"excavate",
"excavate"
],
[
"hand",
"hand"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"To dig or excavate:",
"(rare) To dig into one's hands."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To carve or adorn:",
"To carve or engrave (with inscriptions or carvings)"
],
"links": [
[
"carve",
"carve"
],
[
"adorn",
"adorn"
],
[
"engrave",
"engrave"
],
[
"inscription",
"inscription#English"
],
[
"carving",
"carving#English"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To carve or adorn:",
"To sculpt; to carve with a chisel."
],
"links": [
[
"carve",
"carve"
],
[
"adorn",
"adorn"
],
[
"sculpt",
"sculpt"
],
[
"chisel",
"chisel"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To carve or adorn:",
"To adorn with precious metal."
],
"links": [
[
"carve",
"carve"
],
[
"adorn",
"adorn"
],
[
"metal",
"metal"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To impress deeply on the mind."
],
"links": [
[
"impress",
"impress"
],
[
"mind",
"mind"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative) To impress deeply on the mind."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɡraːvən/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "grafe"
},
{
"word": "grave"
},
{
"word": "gravyn"
}
],
"word": "graven"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.