See devel in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for devel meaning in Middle English (5.5kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "develiche"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "develissh"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "develrye"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "devely"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "devil"
},
"expansion": "English: devil",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "English: devil (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "deil",
"alts": "1"
},
"expansion": "Scots: deil, deel, deevil",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: deil, deel, deevil"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yol",
"2": "deevil",
"alts": "1"
},
"expansion": "Yola: deevil, deel",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Yola: deevil, deel"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "dēofol"
},
"expansion": "Old English dēofol",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "dēoful"
},
"expansion": "dēoful",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "dīobul"
},
"expansion": "dīobul",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*diubul"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *diubul",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "grc",
"3": "διάβολος"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek διάβολος (diábolos)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English dēofol, dēoful, from earlier dīobul, from Proto-West Germanic *diubul, from Ancient Greek διάβολος (diábolos).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "develes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "defles",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "develen",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "nouns",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "devel",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "develes",
"pl2": "defles",
"pl3": "develen"
},
"expansion": "devel (plural develes or defles or develen)",
"name": "enm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "50 14 4 27 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "41 9 36 8 5",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Christianity",
"orig": "enm:Christianity",
"parents": [
"Abrahamism",
"Religion",
"Culture",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Just like bees swarm from a hive / Out of the devil's arse there were driven / Twenty thousand friars on a rout / And throughout hell they swarmed all about...",
"ref": "a. 1400, Geoffrey Chaucer, “The Summoner's Tale”, in The Canterbury Tales, lines 1693–1696",
"text": "Right so as bees out swarmen from an hyve, / Out of the develes ers ther gonne dryve / Twenty thousand freres on a route / And thurghout helle swarmed al aboute...",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Satan, Lucifer (in Early ME, without the definite article)"
],
"id": "en-devel-enm-noun-rzC7g8mC",
"links": [
[
"Satan",
"Satan"
],
[
"Lucifer",
"Lucifer"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A devil; an evil creature that resides in the Christian hell."
],
"id": "en-devel-enm-noun-HfeUcJnw",
"links": [
[
"devil",
"devil"
],
[
"evil",
"evil"
],
[
"creature",
"creature"
],
[
"reside",
"reside"
],
[
"Christian",
"Christian"
],
[
"hell",
"hell"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "41 9 36 8 5",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Christianity",
"orig": "enm:Christianity",
"parents": [
"Abrahamism",
"Religion",
"Culture",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 8 44 8 8",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Mythology",
"orig": "enm:Mythology",
"parents": [
"Culture",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 10 62 0 11",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Religion",
"orig": "enm:Religion",
"parents": [
"Culture",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 7 63 2 7",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Theology",
"orig": "enm:Theology",
"parents": [
"Philosophy",
"Religion",
"All topics",
"Culture",
"Fundamental",
"Society"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A pagan or heretical god; a deity considered to be false or an idol."
],
"id": "en-devel-enm-noun-DGw9ZzJG",
"links": [
[
"pagan",
"pagan"
],
[
"heretical",
"heretical"
],
[
"false",
"false"
],
[
"idol",
"idol"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A malicious or sinful person; one who is evil."
],
"id": "en-devel-enm-noun-kgluQyVn",
"links": [
[
"malicious",
"malicious"
],
[
"sinful",
"sinful"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative) A malicious or sinful person; one who is evil."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"A fantastic beast or monstrous creature."
],
"id": "en-devel-enm-noun-jiql0A4X",
"links": [
[
"fantastic",
"fantastic"
],
[
"beast",
"beast"
],
[
"monstrous",
"monstrous"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) A fantastic beast or monstrous creature."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈdeːvəl/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈdɛvəl/"
},
{
"ipa": "/deːl/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "deovel"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "deevel"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "devil"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "dyvel"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "devul"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "devyl"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "devell"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "devyll"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "deul"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "dewel"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "deyle"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "devull"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "dele"
}
],
"word": "devel"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English nouns",
"Middle English terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"enm:Christianity",
"enm:Mythology",
"enm:Religion",
"enm:Theology",
"rom:Nature",
"rom:Society"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "develiche"
},
{
"word": "develissh"
},
{
"word": "develrye"
},
{
"word": "devely"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "devil"
},
"expansion": "English: devil",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "English: devil (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "deil",
"alts": "1"
},
"expansion": "Scots: deil, deel, deevil",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: deil, deel, deevil"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yol",
"2": "deevil",
"alts": "1"
},
"expansion": "Yola: deevil, deel",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Yola: deevil, deel"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "dēofol"
},
"expansion": "Old English dēofol",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "dēoful"
},
"expansion": "dēoful",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "dīobul"
},
"expansion": "dīobul",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*diubul"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *diubul",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "grc",
"3": "διάβολος"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek διάβολος (diábolos)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English dēofol, dēoful, from earlier dīobul, from Proto-West Germanic *diubul, from Ancient Greek διάβολος (diábolos).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "develes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "defles",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "develen",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "nouns",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "devel",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "develes",
"pl2": "defles",
"pl3": "develen"
},
"expansion": "devel (plural develes or defles or develen)",
"name": "enm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Just like bees swarm from a hive / Out of the devil's arse there were driven / Twenty thousand friars on a rout / And throughout hell they swarmed all about...",
"ref": "a. 1400, Geoffrey Chaucer, “The Summoner's Tale”, in The Canterbury Tales, lines 1693–1696",
"text": "Right so as bees out swarmen from an hyve, / Out of the develes ers ther gonne dryve / Twenty thousand freres on a route / And thurghout helle swarmed al aboute...",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Satan, Lucifer (in Early ME, without the definite article)"
],
"links": [
[
"Satan",
"Satan"
],
[
"Lucifer",
"Lucifer"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A devil; an evil creature that resides in the Christian hell."
],
"links": [
[
"devil",
"devil"
],
[
"evil",
"evil"
],
[
"creature",
"creature"
],
[
"reside",
"reside"
],
[
"Christian",
"Christian"
],
[
"hell",
"hell"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A pagan or heretical god; a deity considered to be false or an idol."
],
"links": [
[
"pagan",
"pagan"
],
[
"heretical",
"heretical"
],
[
"false",
"false"
],
[
"idol",
"idol"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A malicious or sinful person; one who is evil."
],
"links": [
[
"malicious",
"malicious"
],
[
"sinful",
"sinful"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative) A malicious or sinful person; one who is evil."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"A fantastic beast or monstrous creature."
],
"links": [
[
"fantastic",
"fantastic"
],
[
"beast",
"beast"
],
[
"monstrous",
"monstrous"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) A fantastic beast or monstrous creature."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈdeːvəl/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈdɛvəl/"
},
{
"ipa": "/deːl/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "deovel"
},
{
"word": "deevel"
},
{
"word": "devil"
},
{
"word": "dyvel"
},
{
"word": "devul"
},
{
"word": "devyl"
},
{
"word": "devell"
},
{
"word": "devyll"
},
{
"word": "deul"
},
{
"word": "dewel"
},
{
"word": "deyle"
},
{
"word": "devull"
},
{
"word": "dele"
}
],
"word": "devel"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.