See comun in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Government",
"orig": "enm:Government",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
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{
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"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "common"
},
"expansion": "English: common",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: common"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-msc",
"2": "commoun",
"3": "common",
"4": "commone"
},
"expansion": "Middle Scots: commoun, common, commone",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Scots: commoun, common, commone"
},
{
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"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "common"
},
"expansion": "Scots: common",
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}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "xno",
"3": "comun"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Anglo-Norman comun",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "la",
"3": "commūnis",
"t": "common, general"
},
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},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*ḱom-moy-ni-s",
"t": "held in common"
},
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"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*mey-",
"4": "",
"5": "to exchange, change"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *mey- (“to exchange, change”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Anglo-Norman comun, from Latin commūnis (“common, general”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱom-moy-ni-s (“held in common”), from Proto-Indo-European *mey- (“to exchange, change”). Compare mene (“common”) for an etymologically equivalent native formation.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "comoun",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "commone",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "commun",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "commune",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "commuyn",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "comune",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "comyn",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "coumoun",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "comen",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Late-Middle-English"
]
},
{
"form": "common",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Late-Middle-English"
]
},
{
"form": "commyn",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Late-Middle-English"
]
},
{
"form": "comon",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Late-Middle-English"
]
},
{
"form": "comone",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Late-Middle-English"
]
},
{
"form": "comyne",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Late-Middle-English"
]
},
{
"form": "comynne",
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"alternative",
"Late-Middle-English"
]
}
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{
"args": {
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"3": "",
"4": "{{{1}}}",
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"6": "{{{2}}}",
"7": "",
"8": "{{{3}}}",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "comun",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "comun",
"name": "enm-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "comun lawe"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "comun wele"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "comunal"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "comunalite"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "comunalte"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "comune"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "comunen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "comuner"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "comunes"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "comunicacioun"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "comunioun"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "comunly"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "comunte"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Shared, common; belonging to all (in a group).",
"Publicly or governmentally available, owned, or provided."
],
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"links": [
[
"Shared",
"shared"
],
[
"common",
"common"
],
[
"belonging",
"belonging"
],
[
"all",
"all"
],
[
"group",
"group#English"
],
[
"Publicly",
"publicly"
],
[
"governmentally",
"governmentally"
],
[
"available",
"available"
],
[
"owned",
"owned"
],
[
"provided",
"provided"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Shared, common; belonging to all (in a group).",
"Widespread, universal, unequivocal."
],
"id": "en-comun-enm-adj-8HqO3wLY",
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[
"Shared",
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[
"common",
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[
"belonging",
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"all",
"all"
],
[
"group",
"group#English"
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[
"Widespread",
"widespread"
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[
"universal",
"universal"
],
[
"unequivocal",
"unequivocal"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "6 4 15 10 8 8 9 17 11 11 0 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
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},
{
"_dis": "7 3 17 9 9 9 9 11 11 12 0 1 1 0",
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"name": "Pages with 7 entries",
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},
{
"_dis": "7 2 19 11 8 8 8 10 12 12 0 1 1 0",
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"name": "Pages with entries",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 3 22 9 6 6 8 16 10 10 0 4",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Human behaviour",
"orig": "enm:Human behaviour",
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"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
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"Shared, common; belonging to all (in a group).",
"Joint, mutual; done by a group."
],
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[
"Shared",
"shared"
],
[
"common",
"common"
],
[
"belonging",
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"all",
"all"
],
[
"group",
"group#English"
],
[
"Joint",
"joint"
],
[
"mutual",
"mutual"
],
[
"group",
"group"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"Shared, common; belonging to all (in a group).",
"(rare) Joint, mutual; done by a group."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "4 8 8 15 8 8 13 10 0 14 0 11",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Nobility",
"orig": "enm:Nobility",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 8 8 15 8 8 13 10 0 14 0 11",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Sexuality",
"orig": "enm:Sexuality",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Shared, common; belonging to all (in a group).",
"Similar, resemblant."
],
"id": "en-comun-enm-adj-mTNmwmr4",
"links": [
[
"Shared",
"shared"
],
[
"common",
"common"
],
[
"belonging",
"belonging"
],
[
"all",
"all"
],
[
"group",
"group#English"
],
[
"Similar",
"similar"
],
[
"resemblant",
"resemblant"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"Shared, common; belonging to all (in a group).",
"(rare) Similar, resemblant."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Frequent, usual; occuring often:",
"Widely disseminated or understood."
],
"id": "en-comun-enm-adj-NNJvTgnu",
"links": [
[
"Frequent",
"frequent"
],
[
"usual",
"usual"
],
[
"occuring",
"occuring"
],
[
"often",
"often"
],
[
"Widely",
"widely"
],
[
"disseminated",
"disseminated"
],
[
"understood",
"understood"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 0 0 0 0 100 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "People",
"orig": "enm:People",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Frequent, usual; occuring often:",
"Humble, folk, lay; of the common people."
],
"id": "en-comun-enm-adj-CsINjC13",
"links": [
[
"Frequent",
"frequent"
],
[
"usual",
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],
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"occuring",
"occuring"
],
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"often",
"often"
],
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"Humble",
"humble"
],
[
"folk",
"folk"
],
[
"lay",
"lay"
],
[
"common",
"common"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
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},
{
"_dis": "4 8 8 15 8 8 13 10 0 14 0 11",
"kind": "other",
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"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Frequent, usual; occuring often:",
"Typical; occuring the most often."
],
"id": "en-comun-enm-adj-nLqfJy4V",
"links": [
[
"Frequent",
"frequent"
],
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"usual",
"usual"
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"occuring",
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[
"often",
"often"
],
[
"Typical",
"typical"
],
[
"most",
"most"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"Frequent, usual; occuring often:",
"(rare) Typical; occuring the most often."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Grammar",
"orig": "enm:Grammar",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "6 4 15 10 8 8 9 17 11 11 0 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
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},
{
"_dis": "4 8 8 15 8 8 13 10 0 14 0 11",
"kind": "other",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 8 8 15 8 8 13 10 0 14 0 11",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Sexuality",
"orig": "enm:Sexuality",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Frequent, usual; occuring often:",
"Common; not proper."
],
"id": "en-comun-enm-adj-QwD4slWL",
"links": [
[
"Frequent",
"frequent"
],
[
"usual",
"usual"
],
[
"occuring",
"occuring"
],
[
"often",
"often"
],
[
"grammar",
"grammar"
],
[
"Common",
"common"
],
[
"proper",
"proper"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"Frequent, usual; occuring often:",
"(grammar, of nouns, rare) Common; not proper."
],
"raw_tags": [
"of nouns"
],
"tags": [
"rare"
],
"topics": [
"grammar",
"human-sciences",
"linguistics",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "6 4 15 10 8 8 9 17 11 11 0 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Immoral, base, disgusting:",
"Infamous, reviled, despised."
],
"id": "en-comun-enm-adj-ru~jTgB8",
"links": [
[
"Immoral",
"immoral"
],
[
"base",
"base"
],
[
"disgusting",
"disgusting"
],
[
"Infamous",
"infamous"
],
[
"revile",
"revile"
],
[
"despise",
"despise"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "6 4 15 10 8 8 9 17 11 11 0 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
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},
{
"_dis": "4 8 8 15 8 8 13 10 0 14 0 11",
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},
{
"_dis": "4 8 8 15 8 8 13 10 0 14 0 11",
"kind": "other",
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"name": "Sexuality",
"orig": "enm:Sexuality",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Immoral, base, disgusting:",
"Lewd, wanton, unchaste."
],
"id": "en-comun-enm-adj-nRdWU1cO",
"links": [
[
"Immoral",
"immoral"
],
[
"base",
"base"
],
[
"disgusting",
"disgusting"
],
[
"Lewd",
"lewd"
],
[
"wanton",
"wanton"
],
[
"unchaste",
"unchaste"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"Kind, benevolent."
],
"id": "en-comun-enm-adj-DPXM~HtG",
"links": [
[
"Kind",
"kind"
],
[
"benevolent",
"benevolent"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) Kind, benevolent."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kɔˈmiu̯n/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkɔmun/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkɔmən/",
"note": "with reduction"
}
],
"word": "comun"
}
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Government",
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"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
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"2": "noun",
"altform": "1"
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}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "comune"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "4 8 8 15 8 8 13 10 0 14 0 11",
"kind": "other",
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},
{
"_dis": "4 8 8 15 8 8 13 10 0 14 0 11",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Sexuality",
"orig": "enm:Sexuality",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"alternative form of comune"
],
"id": "en-comun-enm-noun-pYY0OqYy",
"links": [
[
"comune",
"comune#Middle_English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kɔˈmiu̯n/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkɔmun/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkɔmən/",
"note": "with reduction"
}
],
"word": "comun"
}
{
"categories": [
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"Middle English alternative forms",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English terms borrowed from Anglo-Norman",
"Middle English terms derived from Anglo-Norman",
"Middle English terms derived from Latin",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"enm:Government",
"enm:Human behaviour",
"enm:Nobility",
"enm:People",
"enm:Sexuality"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
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{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "common"
},
"expansion": "English: common",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: common"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-msc",
"2": "commoun",
"3": "common",
"4": "commone"
},
"expansion": "Middle Scots: commoun, common, commone",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Scots: commoun, common, commone"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "common"
},
"expansion": "Scots: common",
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}
],
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{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "xno",
"3": "comun"
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"expansion": "Borrowed from Anglo-Norman comun",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "la",
"3": "commūnis",
"t": "common, general"
},
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"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*ḱom-moy-ni-s",
"t": "held in common"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱom-moy-ni-s (“held in common”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*mey-",
"4": "",
"5": "to exchange, change"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *mey- (“to exchange, change”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Anglo-Norman comun, from Latin commūnis (“common, general”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱom-moy-ni-s (“held in common”), from Proto-Indo-European *mey- (“to exchange, change”). Compare mene (“common”) for an etymologically equivalent native formation.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "comoun",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "commone",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "commun",
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"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "commune",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "commuyn",
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"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "comune",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "comyn",
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"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "coumoun",
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"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "comen",
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"alternative",
"Late-Middle-English"
]
},
{
"form": "common",
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"alternative",
"Late-Middle-English"
]
},
{
"form": "commyn",
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"alternative",
"Late-Middle-English"
]
},
{
"form": "comon",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Late-Middle-English"
]
},
{
"form": "comone",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Late-Middle-English"
]
},
{
"form": "comyne",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Late-Middle-English"
]
},
{
"form": "comynne",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Late-Middle-English"
]
}
],
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},
"expansion": "comun",
"name": "head"
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{
"args": {},
"expansion": "comun",
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],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"word": "comun lawe"
},
{
"word": "comun wele"
},
{
"word": "comunal"
},
{
"word": "comunalite"
},
{
"word": "comunalte"
},
{
"word": "comune"
},
{
"word": "comunen"
},
{
"word": "comuner"
},
{
"word": "comunes"
},
{
"word": "comunicacioun"
},
{
"word": "comunioun"
},
{
"word": "comunly"
},
{
"word": "comunte"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Shared, common; belonging to all (in a group).",
"Publicly or governmentally available, owned, or provided."
],
"links": [
[
"Shared",
"shared"
],
[
"common",
"common"
],
[
"belonging",
"belonging"
],
[
"all",
"all"
],
[
"group",
"group#English"
],
[
"Publicly",
"publicly"
],
[
"governmentally",
"governmentally"
],
[
"available",
"available"
],
[
"owned",
"owned"
],
[
"provided",
"provided"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Shared, common; belonging to all (in a group).",
"Widespread, universal, unequivocal."
],
"links": [
[
"Shared",
"shared"
],
[
"common",
"common"
],
[
"belonging",
"belonging"
],
[
"all",
"all"
],
[
"group",
"group#English"
],
[
"Widespread",
"widespread"
],
[
"universal",
"universal"
],
[
"unequivocal",
"unequivocal"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"Shared, common; belonging to all (in a group).",
"Joint, mutual; done by a group."
],
"links": [
[
"Shared",
"shared"
],
[
"common",
"common"
],
[
"belonging",
"belonging"
],
[
"all",
"all"
],
[
"group",
"group#English"
],
[
"Joint",
"joint"
],
[
"mutual",
"mutual"
],
[
"group",
"group"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"Shared, common; belonging to all (in a group).",
"(rare) Joint, mutual; done by a group."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"Shared, common; belonging to all (in a group).",
"Similar, resemblant."
],
"links": [
[
"Shared",
"shared"
],
[
"common",
"common"
],
[
"belonging",
"belonging"
],
[
"all",
"all"
],
[
"group",
"group#English"
],
[
"Similar",
"similar"
],
[
"resemblant",
"resemblant"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"Shared, common; belonging to all (in a group).",
"(rare) Similar, resemblant."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Frequent, usual; occuring often:",
"Widely disseminated or understood."
],
"links": [
[
"Frequent",
"frequent"
],
[
"usual",
"usual"
],
[
"occuring",
"occuring"
],
[
"often",
"often"
],
[
"Widely",
"widely"
],
[
"disseminated",
"disseminated"
],
[
"understood",
"understood"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Frequent, usual; occuring often:",
"Humble, folk, lay; of the common people."
],
"links": [
[
"Frequent",
"frequent"
],
[
"usual",
"usual"
],
[
"occuring",
"occuring"
],
[
"often",
"often"
],
[
"Humble",
"humble"
],
[
"folk",
"folk"
],
[
"lay",
"lay"
],
[
"common",
"common"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"Frequent, usual; occuring often:",
"Typical; occuring the most often."
],
"links": [
[
"Frequent",
"frequent"
],
[
"usual",
"usual"
],
[
"occuring",
"occuring"
],
[
"often",
"often"
],
[
"Typical",
"typical"
],
[
"most",
"most"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"Frequent, usual; occuring often:",
"(rare) Typical; occuring the most often."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with rare senses",
"enm:Grammar"
],
"glosses": [
"Frequent, usual; occuring often:",
"Common; not proper."
],
"links": [
[
"Frequent",
"frequent"
],
[
"usual",
"usual"
],
[
"occuring",
"occuring"
],
[
"often",
"often"
],
[
"grammar",
"grammar"
],
[
"Common",
"common"
],
[
"proper",
"proper"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"Frequent, usual; occuring often:",
"(grammar, of nouns, rare) Common; not proper."
],
"raw_tags": [
"of nouns"
],
"tags": [
"rare"
],
"topics": [
"grammar",
"human-sciences",
"linguistics",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Immoral, base, disgusting:",
"Infamous, reviled, despised."
],
"links": [
[
"Immoral",
"immoral"
],
[
"base",
"base"
],
[
"disgusting",
"disgusting"
],
[
"Infamous",
"infamous"
],
[
"revile",
"revile"
],
[
"despise",
"despise"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Immoral, base, disgusting:",
"Lewd, wanton, unchaste."
],
"links": [
[
"Immoral",
"immoral"
],
[
"base",
"base"
],
[
"disgusting",
"disgusting"
],
[
"Lewd",
"lewd"
],
[
"wanton",
"wanton"
],
[
"unchaste",
"unchaste"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"Kind, benevolent."
],
"links": [
[
"Kind",
"kind"
],
[
"benevolent",
"benevolent"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) Kind, benevolent."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kɔˈmiu̯n/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkɔmun/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkɔmən/",
"note": "with reduction"
}
],
"word": "comun"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English alternative forms",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"enm:Government",
"enm:Human behaviour",
"enm:Nobility",
"enm:People",
"enm:Sexuality"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "noun",
"altform": "1"
},
"expansion": "comun",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "comune"
}
],
"glosses": [
"alternative form of comune"
],
"links": [
[
"comune",
"comune#Middle_English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kɔˈmiu̯n/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkɔmun/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkɔmən/",
"note": "with reduction"
}
],
"word": "comun"
}
Download raw JSONL data for comun meaning in Middle English (7.9kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-08-18 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-08-02 using wiktextract (0c45963 and 3c020d2). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.