See bern in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Military",
"orig": "enm:Military",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "barn"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "bern"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "barrn"
}
],
"etymology_number": "1",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "barn"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "bearn"
},
"expansion": "Old English bearn",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "berern"
},
"expansion": "Old English berern",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "bere",
"3": "-ern"
},
"expansion": "bere + -ern",
"name": "suffix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English bearn, contracted forms of Old English berern, bereærn (“barn, granary”). Equivalent to bere + -ern.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bernes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "barn",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "baryn",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "berne",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "bærn",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Early-Middle-English"
]
},
{
"form": "berrn",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Ormulum"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
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"2": "noun",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": "",
"var": ""
},
"expansion": "bern",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"pl": "bernes"
},
"expansion": "bern (plural bernes)",
"name": "enm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English terms suffixed with -ern",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "100 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Agriculture",
"orig": "enm:Agriculture",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "63 9 9 9 9 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Buildings",
"orig": "enm:Buildings",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
119,
124
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
108,
112
]
],
"english": "His winnowing fan is in his hand; he'll fully clean his threshing-floor, he'll gather up his wheat into his barn, and he'll burn the chaff with unquenchable fire.",
"ref": "c. 1395, John Wycliffe, John Purvey [et al.], transl., Bible (Wycliffite Bible (later version), MS Lich 10.), published c. 1410, Matheu 3:12, folio 2, recto, column 1; republished as Wycliffe's translation of the New Testament, Lichfield: Bill Endres, 2010:",
"text": "whos wynewing cloþ is in his hond .· ⁊ he ſchal fulli clenſe his coꝛn flooꝛ / and he ſchal gadere his wheete in to his berne .· but þe chaf he ſchal bꝛenne wiþ fier þat mai not be quenchid",
"translation": "His winnowing fan is in his hand; he'll fully clean his threshing-floor, he'll gather up his wheat into his barn, and he'll burn the chaff with unquenchable fire.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"barn, farm building, granary"
],
"id": "en-bern-enm-noun-0YWQstrY",
"links": [
[
"barn",
"barn#English"
],
[
"granary",
"granary"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈbɛrn/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈbarn/",
"note": "later"
}
],
"word": "bern"
}
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
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"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"etymology_number": "2",
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{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "warrior"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰerH-",
"4": "*bʰerH-",
"5": "*ǵʰwer-",
"id": "brown",
"id2": "pierce"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "i",
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},
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},
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},
{
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"5": "",
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"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old English beorn",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "beorn"
},
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},
{
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"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*bernuz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *bernuz",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old English beorn; probably from Proto-Germanic *bernuz.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bernes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "barn",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "beren",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "berin",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "berne",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "beryn",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "biern",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "birn",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "byrne",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "beorn",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "beurn",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "buirn",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "burn",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "burne",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "noun",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
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},
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"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bernes"
},
"expansion": "bern (plural bernes)",
"name": "enm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "11 61 9 9 9 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Male people",
"orig": "enm:Male people",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A man or human."
],
"id": "en-bern-enm-noun-lh6MSkEG",
"links": [
[
"man",
"man"
],
[
"human",
"human"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A knight, soldier or warrior."
],
"id": "en-bern-enm-noun-jR13uX4D",
"links": [
[
"knight",
"knight"
],
[
"soldier",
"soldier"
],
[
"warrior",
"warrior"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "11 6 9 28 6 19 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 8 8 66 8 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Nobility",
"orig": "enm:Nobility",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A lord or noble."
],
"id": "en-bern-enm-noun-TzA-mkYI",
"links": [
[
"lord",
"lord"
],
[
"noble",
"noble"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/beːrn/"
},
{
"ipa": "/bɛːrn/"
},
{
"ipa": "/bøːrn/",
"tags": [
"Southern",
"West-Midlands"
]
}
],
"word": "bern"
}
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Military",
"orig": "enm:Military",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
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{
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"2": "noun",
"var": "1"
},
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"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "child",
"word": "barn"
}
],
"glosses": [
"alternative form of barn (“child”)"
],
"id": "en-bern-enm-noun-AFfJzlFd",
"links": [
[
"barn",
"barn#Middle_English:_child"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "bern"
}
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Military",
"orig": "enm:Military",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"etymology_number": "4",
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{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb",
"var": "1"
},
"expansion": "bern",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "to bear",
"word": "beren"
}
],
"glosses": [
"alternative form of beren (“to bear”)"
],
"id": "en-bern-enm-verb-kzULMStd",
"links": [
[
"beren",
"beren#Middle_English:_to_bear"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "bern"
}
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Military",
"orig": "enm:Military",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"etymology_number": "5",
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{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb",
"var": "1"
},
"expansion": "bern",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "brennen"
}
],
"glosses": [
"alternative form of brennen"
],
"id": "en-bern-enm-verb-148~kEWo",
"links": [
[
"brennen",
"brennen#Middle_English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "bern"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English nouns",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English terms suffixed with -ern",
"Middle English variant lemmas",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"enm:Agriculture",
"enm:Buildings",
"enm:Male people",
"enm:Military",
"enm:Nobility"
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "barn"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "bern"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "barrn"
}
],
"etymology_number": "1",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "barn"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
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"3": "bearn"
},
"expansion": "Old English bearn",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "berern"
},
"expansion": "Old English berern",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "bere",
"3": "-ern"
},
"expansion": "bere + -ern",
"name": "suffix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English bearn, contracted forms of Old English berern, bereærn (“barn, granary”). Equivalent to bere + -ern.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bernes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "barn",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "baryn",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "berne",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "bærn",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Early-Middle-English"
]
},
{
"form": "berrn",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Ormulum"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "noun",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": "",
"var": ""
},
"expansion": "bern",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"pl": "bernes"
},
"expansion": "bern (plural bernes)",
"name": "enm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
119,
124
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
108,
112
]
],
"english": "His winnowing fan is in his hand; he'll fully clean his threshing-floor, he'll gather up his wheat into his barn, and he'll burn the chaff with unquenchable fire.",
"ref": "c. 1395, John Wycliffe, John Purvey [et al.], transl., Bible (Wycliffite Bible (later version), MS Lich 10.), published c. 1410, Matheu 3:12, folio 2, recto, column 1; republished as Wycliffe's translation of the New Testament, Lichfield: Bill Endres, 2010:",
"text": "whos wynewing cloþ is in his hond .· ⁊ he ſchal fulli clenſe his coꝛn flooꝛ / and he ſchal gadere his wheete in to his berne .· but þe chaf he ſchal bꝛenne wiþ fier þat mai not be quenchid",
"translation": "His winnowing fan is in his hand; he'll fully clean his threshing-floor, he'll gather up his wheat into his barn, and he'll burn the chaff with unquenchable fire.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"barn, farm building, granary"
],
"links": [
[
"barn",
"barn#English"
],
[
"granary",
"granary"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈbɛrn/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈbarn/",
"note": "later"
}
],
"word": "bern"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English nouns",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Middle English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰerH- (brown)",
"Middle English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰerH- (pierce)",
"Middle English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ǵʰwer-",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English variant lemmas",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"enm:Agriculture",
"enm:Buildings",
"enm:Male people",
"enm:Military",
"enm:Nobility"
],
"etymology_number": "2",
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{
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"2": "warrior"
},
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"name": "etymid"
},
{
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"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰerH-",
"4": "*bʰerH-",
"5": "*ǵʰwer-",
"id": "brown",
"id2": "pierce"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "I",
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},
{
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},
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"g3": "",
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"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
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"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old English beorn",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "beorn"
},
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"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*bernuz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *bernuz",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old English beorn; probably from Proto-Germanic *bernuz.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bernes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "barn",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "beren",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "berin",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "berne",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "beryn",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "biern",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "birn",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "byrne",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "beorn",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "beurn",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "buirn",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "burn",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "burne",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
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{
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"g": "",
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"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bernes"
},
"expansion": "bern (plural bernes)",
"name": "enm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"A man or human."
],
"links": [
[
"man",
"man"
],
[
"human",
"human"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A knight, soldier or warrior."
],
"links": [
[
"knight",
"knight"
],
[
"soldier",
"soldier"
],
[
"warrior",
"warrior"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A lord or noble."
],
"links": [
[
"lord",
"lord"
],
[
"noble",
"noble"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/beːrn/"
},
{
"ipa": "/bɛːrn/"
},
{
"ipa": "/bøːrn/",
"tags": [
"Southern",
"West-Midlands"
]
}
],
"word": "bern"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English variant lemmas",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"enm:Agriculture",
"enm:Buildings",
"enm:Male people",
"enm:Military",
"enm:Nobility"
],
"etymology_number": "3",
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{
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"2": "noun",
"var": "1"
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"expansion": "bern",
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}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "child",
"word": "barn"
}
],
"glosses": [
"alternative form of barn (“child”)"
],
"links": [
[
"barn",
"barn#Middle_English:_child"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "bern"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English variant lemmas",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"enm:Agriculture",
"enm:Buildings",
"enm:Male people",
"enm:Military",
"enm:Nobility"
],
"etymology_number": "4",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb",
"var": "1"
},
"expansion": "bern",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "to bear",
"word": "beren"
}
],
"glosses": [
"alternative form of beren (“to bear”)"
],
"links": [
[
"beren",
"beren#Middle_English:_to_bear"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "bern"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English variant lemmas",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"enm:Agriculture",
"enm:Buildings",
"enm:Male people",
"enm:Military",
"enm:Nobility"
],
"etymology_number": "5",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb",
"var": "1"
},
"expansion": "bern",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "brennen"
}
],
"glosses": [
"alternative form of brennen"
],
"links": [
[
"brennen",
"brennen#Middle_English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "bern"
}
Download raw JSONL data for bern meaning in Middle English (7.9kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-09 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (ccec6f1 and 4deed51). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.