"raja" meaning in Malay

See raja in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

IPA: [ra.d͡ʒa], [ra.d͡ʒə] (note: Johor-Riau) Forms: راج [Jawi], raja-raja [plural]
Rhymes: -d͡ʒa, -a Etymology: From Sanskrit राजन् (rājan, “king, prince”), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *Hrā́ȷ́ā (“king”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hrā́ȷ́ā, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃rḗǵ-ō, from *h₃rḗǵs (“ruler, king”). Etymology templates: {{der|ms|sa|राजन्||king, prince}} Sanskrit राजन् (rājan, “king, prince”), {{der|ms|inc-pro|*Hrā́ȷ́ā||king}} Proto-Indo-Aryan *Hrā́ȷ́ā (“king”), {{der|ms|iir-pro|*Hrā́ȷ́ā}} Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hrā́ȷ́ā, {{der|ms|ine-pro|*h₃rḗǵ-ō}} Proto-Indo-European *h₃rḗǵ-ō Head templates: {{ms-noun|j=راج}} raja (Jawi spelling راج, plural raja-raja)
  1. A king; a male of a royal family who is the supreme ruler of his nation. Synonyms: sultan, syah, datu, ratu
    Sense id: en-raja-ms-noun-DNqdij13 Categories (other): Malay entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Malay entries with incorrect language header: 17 1 24 11 14 10 24
  2. A monarch. Coordinate_terms (monarch): permaisuri, ratu (english: queen), puteri (english: princess), putera, pangeran (english: prince), kaisar, maharaja (english: emperor)
    Sense id: en-raja-ms-noun-YjU4UBUr Categories (other): Monarchy Disambiguation of Monarchy: 6 62 14 5 5 5 5 Disambiguation of 'monarch': 6 86 4 1 1 1 1
  3. (archaic, informal) A ruler; the person, body, or force currently in power. Tags: archaic, informal
    Sense id: en-raja-ms-noun-VUYzZXNE Categories (other): Malay entries with incorrect language header, Occupations Disambiguation of Malay entries with incorrect language header: 17 1 24 11 14 10 24 Disambiguation of Occupations: 17 6 28 16 11 6 17
  4. A tycoon; someone who possesses significant influence in a certain area or field.
    Sense id: en-raja-ms-noun-0IjNtBxA Categories (other): Malay entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Malay entries with incorrect language header: 17 1 24 11 14 10 24
  5. (card games) A playing card with the letter 'K' and an image of a king on it.
    Sense id: en-raja-ms-noun-C9u4cZ9h Categories (other): Card games, Malay entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Malay entries with incorrect language header: 17 1 24 11 14 10 24 Topics: card-games, games
  6. (sports) The king piece in chess.
    Sense id: en-raja-ms-noun-rCgBZ504 Categories (other): Sports, Chess Disambiguation of Chess: 1 0 1 0 1 91 6 Topics: hobbies, lifestyle, sports
  7. A title found in the names of some people of royal descent.
    Sense id: en-raja-ms-noun-tW991b62 Categories (other): Malay entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Malay entries with incorrect language header: 17 1 24 11 14 10 24
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Derived forms: raja agas, raja badar, raja berpelembagaan (english: constitutional monarch), raja besar, raja bola, raja cacing, raja diraja, raja jejenang, raja jenang, raja kecil, raja kecil besar, raja kecil muda, raja laut, raja muda, raja penomah, raja permaisuri, raja Permaisuri Agong, raja putih, raja sari, raja sehari, raja singa, raja wang, si raja diraja Related terms: syahراج, شاه, bendahara, menteri, permaisuri, ratuبنداهارا, منتري, ڤرمايسوري, راتو, benteng, tirبينتيڠ, تير, gajahݢاجه, kudaکودا, bidak, piadah, pionبيدق, ڤياده, ڤيون

Inflected forms

Alternative forms

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "raja agas"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "raja badar"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "english": "constitutional monarch",
      "word": "raja berpelembagaan"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "raja besar"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "raja bola"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "raja cacing"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "raja diraja"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "raja jejenang"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "raja jenang"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "raja kecil"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "raja kecil besar"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "raja kecil muda"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "raja laut"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "raja muda"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "raja penomah"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "raja permaisuri"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "raja Permaisuri Agong"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "raja putih"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "raja sari"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "raja sehari"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "raja singa"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "raja wang"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "si raja diraja"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ms",
        "2": "sa",
        "3": "राजन्",
        "4": "",
        "5": "king, prince"
      },
      "expansion": "Sanskrit राजन् (rājan, “king, prince”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ms",
        "2": "inc-pro",
        "3": "*Hrā́ȷ́ā",
        "4": "",
        "5": "king"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan *Hrā́ȷ́ā (“king”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ms",
        "2": "iir-pro",
        "3": "*Hrā́ȷ́ā"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hrā́ȷ́ā",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ms",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*h₃rḗǵ-ō"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₃rḗǵ-ō",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Sanskrit राजन् (rājan, “king, prince”), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *Hrā́ȷ́ā (“king”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hrā́ȷ́ā, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃rḗǵ-ō, from *h₃rḗǵs (“ruler, king”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "راج",
      "tags": [
        "Jawi"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "raja-raja",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "j": "راج"
      },
      "expansion": "raja (Jawi spelling راج, plural raja-raja)",
      "name": "ms-noun"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "ra‧ja"
  ],
  "lang": "Malay",
  "lang_code": "ms",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "syahراج"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "شاه"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "bendahara"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "menteri"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "permaisuri"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "ratuبنداهارا"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "منتري"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "ڤرمايسوري"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "راتو"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "benteng"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "tirبينتيڠ"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "تير"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "gajahݢاجه"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "kudaکودا"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "bidak"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "piadah"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "pionبيدق"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "ڤياده"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "ڤيون"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "17 1 24 11 14 10 24",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Malay entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A king; a male of a royal family who is the supreme ruler of his nation."
      ],
      "id": "en-raja-ms-noun-DNqdij13",
      "links": [
        [
          "king",
          "king"
        ],
        [
          "royal",
          "royal"
        ],
        [
          "supreme",
          "supreme"
        ],
        [
          "ruler",
          "ruler"
        ],
        [
          "nation",
          "nation"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "sultan"
        },
        {
          "word": "syah"
        },
        {
          "word": "datu"
        },
        {
          "word": "ratu"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "6 62 14 5 5 5 5",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "ms",
          "name": "Monarchy",
          "orig": "ms:Monarchy",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "coordinate_terms": [
        {
          "_dis1": "6 86 4 1 1 1 1",
          "sense": "monarch",
          "word": "permaisuri"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "6 86 4 1 1 1 1",
          "english": "queen",
          "sense": "monarch",
          "word": "ratu"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "6 86 4 1 1 1 1",
          "english": "princess",
          "sense": "monarch",
          "word": "puteri"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "6 86 4 1 1 1 1",
          "sense": "monarch",
          "word": "putera"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "6 86 4 1 1 1 1",
          "english": "prince",
          "sense": "monarch",
          "word": "pangeran"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "6 86 4 1 1 1 1",
          "sense": "monarch",
          "word": "kaisar"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "6 86 4 1 1 1 1",
          "english": "emperor",
          "sense": "monarch",
          "word": "maharaja"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A monarch."
      ],
      "id": "en-raja-ms-noun-YjU4UBUr",
      "links": [
        [
          "monarch",
          "monarch"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "17 1 24 11 14 10 24",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Malay entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "17 6 28 16 11 6 17",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "ms",
          "name": "Occupations",
          "orig": "ms:Occupations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A ruler; the person, body, or force currently in power."
      ],
      "id": "en-raja-ms-noun-VUYzZXNE",
      "links": [
        [
          "ruler",
          "ruler"
        ],
        [
          "in power",
          "in power"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(archaic, informal) A ruler; the person, body, or force currently in power."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "17 1 24 11 14 10 24",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Malay entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A tycoon; someone who possesses significant influence in a certain area or field."
      ],
      "id": "en-raja-ms-noun-0IjNtBxA",
      "links": [
        [
          "tycoon",
          "tycoon"
        ],
        [
          "significant",
          "significant"
        ],
        [
          "influence",
          "influence"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "ms",
          "name": "Card games",
          "orig": "ms:Card games",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "17 1 24 11 14 10 24",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Malay entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A playing card with the letter 'K' and an image of a king on it."
      ],
      "id": "en-raja-ms-noun-C9u4cZ9h",
      "links": [
        [
          "card game",
          "card game"
        ],
        [
          "playing card",
          "playing card"
        ],
        [
          "image",
          "image"
        ],
        [
          "king",
          "king"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(card games) A playing card with the letter 'K' and an image of a king on it."
      ],
      "topics": [
        "card-games",
        "games"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "ms",
          "name": "Sports",
          "orig": "ms:Sports",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "1 0 1 0 1 91 6",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "ms",
          "name": "Chess",
          "orig": "ms:Chess",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "The king piece in chess."
      ],
      "id": "en-raja-ms-noun-rCgBZ504",
      "links": [
        [
          "sports",
          "sports"
        ],
        [
          "king",
          "king"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(sports) The king piece in chess."
      ],
      "topics": [
        "hobbies",
        "lifestyle",
        "sports"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "17 1 24 11 14 10 24",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Malay entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A title found in the names of some people of royal descent."
      ],
      "id": "en-raja-ms-noun-tW991b62",
      "links": [
        [
          "title",
          "title"
        ],
        [
          "royal",
          "royal"
        ],
        [
          "descent",
          "descent"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[ra.d͡ʒa]"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ra.d͡ʒə]",
      "note": "Johor-Riau"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-d͡ʒa"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-a"
    }
  ],
  "word": "raja"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Malay entries with incorrect language header",
    "Malay lemmas",
    "Malay nouns",
    "Malay terms derived from Proto-Indo-Aryan",
    "Malay terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Malay terms derived from Proto-Indo-Iranian",
    "Malay terms derived from Sanskrit",
    "Pages with 25 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Rhymes:Malay/a",
    "Rhymes:Malay/a/2 syllables",
    "Rhymes:Malay/d͡ʒa",
    "ms:Chess",
    "ms:Monarchy",
    "ms:Occupations"
  ],
  "coordinate_terms": [
    {
      "sense": "monarch",
      "word": "permaisuri"
    },
    {
      "english": "queen",
      "sense": "monarch",
      "word": "ratu"
    },
    {
      "english": "princess",
      "sense": "monarch",
      "word": "puteri"
    },
    {
      "sense": "monarch",
      "word": "putera"
    },
    {
      "english": "prince",
      "sense": "monarch",
      "word": "pangeran"
    },
    {
      "sense": "monarch",
      "word": "kaisar"
    },
    {
      "english": "emperor",
      "sense": "monarch",
      "word": "maharaja"
    }
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "raja agas"
    },
    {
      "word": "raja badar"
    },
    {
      "english": "constitutional monarch",
      "word": "raja berpelembagaan"
    },
    {
      "word": "raja besar"
    },
    {
      "word": "raja bola"
    },
    {
      "word": "raja cacing"
    },
    {
      "word": "raja diraja"
    },
    {
      "word": "raja jejenang"
    },
    {
      "word": "raja jenang"
    },
    {
      "word": "raja kecil"
    },
    {
      "word": "raja kecil besar"
    },
    {
      "word": "raja kecil muda"
    },
    {
      "word": "raja laut"
    },
    {
      "word": "raja muda"
    },
    {
      "word": "raja penomah"
    },
    {
      "word": "raja permaisuri"
    },
    {
      "word": "raja Permaisuri Agong"
    },
    {
      "word": "raja putih"
    },
    {
      "word": "raja sari"
    },
    {
      "word": "raja sehari"
    },
    {
      "word": "raja singa"
    },
    {
      "word": "raja wang"
    },
    {
      "word": "si raja diraja"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ms",
        "2": "sa",
        "3": "राजन्",
        "4": "",
        "5": "king, prince"
      },
      "expansion": "Sanskrit राजन् (rājan, “king, prince”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ms",
        "2": "inc-pro",
        "3": "*Hrā́ȷ́ā",
        "4": "",
        "5": "king"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan *Hrā́ȷ́ā (“king”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ms",
        "2": "iir-pro",
        "3": "*Hrā́ȷ́ā"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hrā́ȷ́ā",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ms",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*h₃rḗǵ-ō"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₃rḗǵ-ō",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Sanskrit राजन् (rājan, “king, prince”), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *Hrā́ȷ́ā (“king”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hrā́ȷ́ā, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃rḗǵ-ō, from *h₃rḗǵs (“ruler, king”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "راج",
      "tags": [
        "Jawi"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "raja-raja",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "j": "راج"
      },
      "expansion": "raja (Jawi spelling راج, plural raja-raja)",
      "name": "ms-noun"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "ra‧ja"
  ],
  "lang": "Malay",
  "lang_code": "ms",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "syahراج"
    },
    {
      "word": "شاه"
    },
    {
      "word": "bendahara"
    },
    {
      "word": "menteri"
    },
    {
      "word": "permaisuri"
    },
    {
      "word": "ratuبنداهارا"
    },
    {
      "word": "منتري"
    },
    {
      "word": "ڤرمايسوري"
    },
    {
      "word": "راتو"
    },
    {
      "word": "benteng"
    },
    {
      "word": "tirبينتيڠ"
    },
    {
      "word": "تير"
    },
    {
      "word": "gajahݢاجه"
    },
    {
      "word": "kudaکودا"
    },
    {
      "word": "bidak"
    },
    {
      "word": "piadah"
    },
    {
      "word": "pionبيدق"
    },
    {
      "word": "ڤياده"
    },
    {
      "word": "ڤيون"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "A king; a male of a royal family who is the supreme ruler of his nation."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "king",
          "king"
        ],
        [
          "royal",
          "royal"
        ],
        [
          "supreme",
          "supreme"
        ],
        [
          "ruler",
          "ruler"
        ],
        [
          "nation",
          "nation"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "sultan"
        },
        {
          "word": "syah"
        },
        {
          "word": "datu"
        },
        {
          "word": "ratu"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "A monarch."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "monarch",
          "monarch"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Malay informal terms",
        "Malay terms with archaic senses"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A ruler; the person, body, or force currently in power."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "ruler",
          "ruler"
        ],
        [
          "in power",
          "in power"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(archaic, informal) A ruler; the person, body, or force currently in power."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "A tycoon; someone who possesses significant influence in a certain area or field."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "tycoon",
          "tycoon"
        ],
        [
          "significant",
          "significant"
        ],
        [
          "influence",
          "influence"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "ms:Card games"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A playing card with the letter 'K' and an image of a king on it."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "card game",
          "card game"
        ],
        [
          "playing card",
          "playing card"
        ],
        [
          "image",
          "image"
        ],
        [
          "king",
          "king"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(card games) A playing card with the letter 'K' and an image of a king on it."
      ],
      "topics": [
        "card-games",
        "games"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "ms:Sports"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "The king piece in chess."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "sports",
          "sports"
        ],
        [
          "king",
          "king"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(sports) The king piece in chess."
      ],
      "topics": [
        "hobbies",
        "lifestyle",
        "sports"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "A title found in the names of some people of royal descent."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "title",
          "title"
        ],
        [
          "royal",
          "royal"
        ],
        [
          "descent",
          "descent"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[ra.d͡ʒa]"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ra.d͡ʒə]",
      "note": "Johor-Riau"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-d͡ʒa"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-a"
    }
  ],
  "word": "raja"
}

Download raw JSONL data for raja meaning in Malay (4.8kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Malay dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-06-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-05-20 using wiktextract (3dadd05 and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.