"timor" meaning in Latin

See timor in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

IPA: [ˈtɪ.mɔr] [Classical-Latin], [ˈtiː.mor] (note: modern Italianate Ecclesiastical)
Etymology: Etymology tree Latin timeō Proto-Indo-European *-os Proto-Indo-European *-s Proto-Indo-European *-ōs Proto-Italic *-ōs Latin -or Latin timor From timeō (“to fear”) + -or. Etymology templates: {{ety|la|:af|timeō<t:to fear>|-or|text=+|title=timor|tree=1}} Etymology tree Latin timeō Proto-Indo-European *-os Proto-Indo-European *-s Proto-Indo-European *-ōs Proto-Italic *-ōs Latin -or Latin timor [Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-Italic", "term" : "*-ōs", "lang" : "itc-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "lang_name" : "Latin", "term" : "-or", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "la" } ], "keyword_label" : "From", "is_group" : true, "keyword" : "affix" } ], "lang_name" : "Latin", "term" : "timor", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "la" }" data-lang="la" data-title="timor"> From timeō (“to fear”) + -or. Head templates: {{la-noun|timor<3>}} timor m (genitive timōris); third declension Inflection templates: {{la-ndecl|timor<3>}} Forms: timōris [genitive], no-table-tags [table-tags], timor [nominative, singular], timōrēs [nominative, plural], timōris [genitive, singular], timōrum [genitive, plural], timōrī [dative, singular], timōribus [dative, plural], timōrem [accusative, singular], timōrēs [accusative, plural], timōre [ablative, singular], timōribus [ablative, plural], timor [singular, vocative], timōrēs [plural, vocative]
  1. fear, dread Tags: declension-3, masculine Synonyms: terror, pavor, metus
    Sense id: en-timor-la-noun-NpTo9PGE Categories (other): Latin masculine nouns in the third declension, Emotions Disambiguation of Latin masculine nouns in the third declension: 53 47 Disambiguation of Emotions: 64 36
  2. (poetic) awe, reverence Tags: declension-3, masculine, poetic
    Sense id: en-timor-la-noun-TJgHeIdJ Categories (other): Latin entries referencing missing etymons, Latin entries with etymology texts, Latin entries with etymology trees, Latin entries with incorrect language header, Latin masculine nouns in the third declension, Latin terms suffixed with -or, Pages using etymon with no ID, Pages with 3 entries, Pages with entries, Pages with etymology trees Disambiguation of Latin entries referencing missing etymons: 34 66 Disambiguation of Latin entries with etymology texts: 34 66 Disambiguation of Latin entries with etymology trees: 34 66 Disambiguation of Latin entries with incorrect language header: 21 79 Disambiguation of Latin masculine nouns in the third declension: 53 47 Disambiguation of Latin terms suffixed with -or: 42 58 Disambiguation of Pages using etymon with no ID: 28 72 Disambiguation of Pages with 3 entries: 10 32 30 29 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 4 35 30 30 Disambiguation of Pages with etymology trees: 27 73
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Related terms: timefactus, timendus, timēns, timeō, timidē, timiditās, timidus

Inflected forms

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "lang": "Albanian",
      "lang_code": "sq",
      "word": "tmerr"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Aromanian",
      "lang_code": "rup",
      "word": "timoari"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Catalan",
      "lang_code": "ca",
      "word": "temor"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Friulian",
      "lang_code": "fur",
      "word": "timôr"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Istriot",
      "lang_code": "ist",
      "word": "tamur"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Italian",
      "lang_code": "it",
      "word": "timore"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Italian",
      "lang_code": "it",
      "word": "temore"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Occitan",
      "lang_code": "oc",
      "word": "temor"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Piedmontese",
      "lang_code": "pms",
      "word": "timor"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "lang_code": "pt",
      "word": "temor"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Romanian",
      "lang_code": "ro",
      "word": "temoare"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Sicilian",
      "lang_code": "scn",
      "word": "timuri"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "lang_code": "es",
      "word": "temor"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Venetan",
      "lang_code": "vec",
      "word": "timór"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": ":af",
        "3": "timeō<t:to fear>",
        "4": "-or",
        "text": "+",
        "title": "timor",
        "tree": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "Etymology tree\nLatin timeō\nProto-Indo-European *-os\nProto-Indo-European *-s\nProto-Indo-European *-ōs\nProto-Italic *-ōs\nLatin -or\nLatin timor\n[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-ōs\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-or\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"timor\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }\" data-lang=\"la\" data-title=\"timor\">\nFrom timeō (“to fear”) + -or.",
      "name": "ety"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nLatin timeō\nProto-Indo-European *-os\nProto-Indo-European *-s\nProto-Indo-European *-ōs\nProto-Italic *-ōs\nLatin -or\nLatin timor\nFrom timeō (“to fear”) + -or.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "timōris",
      "links": [
        [
          "timōris",
          "timoris"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "la-ndecl",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "timor",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "timōrēs",
      "links": [
        [
          "timōrēs",
          "timores#Latin"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "timōris",
      "links": [
        [
          "timōris",
          "timoris#Latin"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "timōrum",
      "links": [
        [
          "timōrum",
          "timorum#Latin"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "timōrī",
      "links": [
        [
          "timōrī",
          "timori#Latin"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "timōribus",
      "links": [
        [
          "timōribus",
          "timoribus#Latin"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "timōrem",
      "links": [
        [
          "timōrem",
          "timorem#Latin"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "timōrēs",
      "links": [
        [
          "timōrēs",
          "timores#Latin"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "timōre",
      "links": [
        [
          "timōre",
          "timore#Latin"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "timōribus",
      "links": [
        [
          "timōribus",
          "timoribus#Latin"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "timor",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "timōrēs",
      "links": [
        [
          "timōrēs",
          "timores#Latin"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "timor<3>"
      },
      "expansion": "timor m (genitive timōris); third declension",
      "name": "la-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "timor<3>"
      },
      "name": "la-ndecl"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Latin",
  "lang_code": "la",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "timefactus"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "timendus"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "timēns"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "timeō"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "timidē"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "timiditās"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "timidus"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "53 47",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latin masculine nouns in the third declension",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "64 36",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "la",
          "name": "Emotions",
          "orig": "la:Emotions",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "“Fear reveals ignoble souls.”\n(Dido is implying the opposite: Aeneas is fearless.)",
          "ref": "29 BCE – 19 BCE, Vergilius, Aeneis 4.13",
          "text": "Dēgenerēs animōs timor arguit. ….",
          "translation": "“Fear reveals ignoble souls.”\n(Dido is implying the opposite: Aeneas is fearless.)",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "english": "Whoever is honored is also loved: love cannot be mixed with fear.",
          "ref": "c. 4 BCE – 65 CE, Seneca Minor, Epistulae Morales ad Lucilium 47.18",
          "text": "Quī colitur, et amātur: nōn potest amor cum timōre miscērī.",
          "translation": "Whoever is honored is also loved: love cannot be mixed with fear.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "english": "Sinning daily, and not repenting, the fear of death disturbs me. Because there is no redemption in hell, have mercy on me, O God, and save me.",
          "ref": "Office of the Dead, Matins Third Nocturn",
          "text": "Peccantem me quotidie, et non poenitentem, timor mortis conturbat me. Quia in inferno nulla est redemptio, miserere mei, Deus, et salva me.",
          "translation": "Sinning daily, and not repenting, the fear of death disturbs me. Because there is no redemption in hell, have mercy on me, O God, and save me.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "fear, dread"
      ],
      "id": "en-timor-la-noun-NpTo9PGE",
      "links": [
        [
          "fear",
          "fear"
        ],
        [
          "dread",
          "dread"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "terror"
        },
        {
          "word": "pavor"
        },
        {
          "word": "metus"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "declension-3",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "34 66",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latin entries referencing missing etymons",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "34 66",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latin entries with etymology texts",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "34 66",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latin entries with etymology trees",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "21 79",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "53 47",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latin masculine nouns in the third declension",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "42 58",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latin terms suffixed with -or",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "28 72",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "10 32 30 29",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 3 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "4 35 30 30",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "27 73",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with etymology trees",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "awe, reverence"
      ],
      "id": "en-timor-la-noun-TJgHeIdJ",
      "links": [
        [
          "awe",
          "awe"
        ],
        [
          "reverence",
          "reverence"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(poetic) awe, reverence"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "declension-3",
        "masculine",
        "poetic"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈtɪ.mɔr]",
      "tags": [
        "Classical-Latin"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈtiː.mor]",
      "note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
    }
  ],
  "word": "timor"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Latin 2-syllable words",
    "Latin entries referencing missing etymons",
    "Latin entries with etymology texts",
    "Latin entries with etymology trees",
    "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
    "Latin lemmas",
    "Latin masculine nouns",
    "Latin masculine nouns in the third declension",
    "Latin nouns",
    "Latin terms suffixed with -or",
    "Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Latin third declension nouns",
    "Pages using etymon with no ID",
    "Pages with 3 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Pages with etymology trees",
    "la:Emotions"
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "lang": "Albanian",
      "lang_code": "sq",
      "word": "tmerr"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Aromanian",
      "lang_code": "rup",
      "word": "timoari"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Catalan",
      "lang_code": "ca",
      "word": "temor"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Friulian",
      "lang_code": "fur",
      "word": "timôr"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Istriot",
      "lang_code": "ist",
      "word": "tamur"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Italian",
      "lang_code": "it",
      "word": "timore"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Italian",
      "lang_code": "it",
      "word": "temore"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Occitan",
      "lang_code": "oc",
      "word": "temor"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Piedmontese",
      "lang_code": "pms",
      "word": "timor"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "lang_code": "pt",
      "word": "temor"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Romanian",
      "lang_code": "ro",
      "word": "temoare"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Sicilian",
      "lang_code": "scn",
      "word": "timuri"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "lang_code": "es",
      "word": "temor"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Venetan",
      "lang_code": "vec",
      "word": "timór"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": ":af",
        "3": "timeō<t:to fear>",
        "4": "-or",
        "text": "+",
        "title": "timor",
        "tree": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "Etymology tree\nLatin timeō\nProto-Indo-European *-os\nProto-Indo-European *-s\nProto-Indo-European *-ōs\nProto-Italic *-ōs\nLatin -or\nLatin timor\n[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-ōs\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-or\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"timor\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }\" data-lang=\"la\" data-title=\"timor\">\nFrom timeō (“to fear”) + -or.",
      "name": "ety"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nLatin timeō\nProto-Indo-European *-os\nProto-Indo-European *-s\nProto-Indo-European *-ōs\nProto-Italic *-ōs\nLatin -or\nLatin timor\nFrom timeō (“to fear”) + -or.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "timōris",
      "links": [
        [
          "timōris",
          "timoris"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "la-ndecl",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "timor",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "timōrēs",
      "links": [
        [
          "timōrēs",
          "timores#Latin"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "timōris",
      "links": [
        [
          "timōris",
          "timoris#Latin"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "timōrum",
      "links": [
        [
          "timōrum",
          "timorum#Latin"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "timōrī",
      "links": [
        [
          "timōrī",
          "timori#Latin"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "timōribus",
      "links": [
        [
          "timōribus",
          "timoribus#Latin"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "timōrem",
      "links": [
        [
          "timōrem",
          "timorem#Latin"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "timōrēs",
      "links": [
        [
          "timōrēs",
          "timores#Latin"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "timōre",
      "links": [
        [
          "timōre",
          "timore#Latin"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "timōribus",
      "links": [
        [
          "timōribus",
          "timoribus#Latin"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "timor",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "timōrēs",
      "links": [
        [
          "timōrēs",
          "timores#Latin"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "timor<3>"
      },
      "expansion": "timor m (genitive timōris); third declension",
      "name": "la-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "timor<3>"
      },
      "name": "la-ndecl"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Latin",
  "lang_code": "la",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "timefactus"
    },
    {
      "word": "timendus"
    },
    {
      "word": "timēns"
    },
    {
      "word": "timeō"
    },
    {
      "word": "timidē"
    },
    {
      "word": "timiditās"
    },
    {
      "word": "timidus"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Latin terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "“Fear reveals ignoble souls.”\n(Dido is implying the opposite: Aeneas is fearless.)",
          "ref": "29 BCE – 19 BCE, Vergilius, Aeneis 4.13",
          "text": "Dēgenerēs animōs timor arguit. ….",
          "translation": "“Fear reveals ignoble souls.”\n(Dido is implying the opposite: Aeneas is fearless.)",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "english": "Whoever is honored is also loved: love cannot be mixed with fear.",
          "ref": "c. 4 BCE – 65 CE, Seneca Minor, Epistulae Morales ad Lucilium 47.18",
          "text": "Quī colitur, et amātur: nōn potest amor cum timōre miscērī.",
          "translation": "Whoever is honored is also loved: love cannot be mixed with fear.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "english": "Sinning daily, and not repenting, the fear of death disturbs me. Because there is no redemption in hell, have mercy on me, O God, and save me.",
          "ref": "Office of the Dead, Matins Third Nocturn",
          "text": "Peccantem me quotidie, et non poenitentem, timor mortis conturbat me. Quia in inferno nulla est redemptio, miserere mei, Deus, et salva me.",
          "translation": "Sinning daily, and not repenting, the fear of death disturbs me. Because there is no redemption in hell, have mercy on me, O God, and save me.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "fear, dread"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "fear",
          "fear"
        ],
        [
          "dread",
          "dread"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "terror"
        },
        {
          "word": "pavor"
        },
        {
          "word": "metus"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "declension-3",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Latin poetic terms"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "awe, reverence"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "awe",
          "awe"
        ],
        [
          "reverence",
          "reverence"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(poetic) awe, reverence"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "declension-3",
        "masculine",
        "poetic"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈtɪ.mɔr]",
      "tags": [
        "Classical-Latin"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈtiː.mor]",
      "note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
    }
  ],
  "word": "timor"
}

Download raw JSONL data for timor meaning in Latin (6.3kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Latin dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-06-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-06-01 using wiktextract (ade7ec3 and 7f4db16). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.