See testudo in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "testūdineātus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "testūdineus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "testūdō marīna"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "testūdō terrestris"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"word": "testuggine"
},
{
"lang": "Neapolitan",
"lang_code": "nap",
"word": "stuscene"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "testudo"
},
{
"lang": "Esperanto",
"lang_code": "eo",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "testudo"
},
{
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "testudo"
},
{
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "testudo"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": ":af",
"3": "testa",
"4": "-tūdō",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nLatin testa\nProto-Indo-European *-tu-\nProto-Indo-European *-d-\nProto-Indo-European *-Hō\nProto-Italic *-tūdō\nLatin -tūdō\nLatin testudo\n[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-tūdō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"testudo\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }\" data-lang=\"la\" data-title=\"testudo\">\nFrom testa + -tūdō.",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "черепа́ха"
},
"expansion": "Russian черепа́ха (čerepáxa)",
"name": "m+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nLatin testa\nProto-Indo-European *-tu-\nProto-Indo-European *-d-\nProto-Indo-European *-Hō\nProto-Italic *-tūdō\nLatin -tūdō\nLatin testudo\nFrom testa + -tūdō.\nCompare typologically Russian черепа́ха (čerepáxa) (akin to черепо́к (čerepók), че́реп (čérep)).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "testūdō",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "testūdinis",
"links": [
[
"testūdinis",
"testudinis"
]
],
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "testūdō",
"links": [
[
"testūdō",
"testudo#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "testūdinēs",
"links": [
[
"testūdinēs",
"testudines#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "testūdinis",
"links": [
[
"testūdinis",
"testudinis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "testūdinum",
"links": [
[
"testūdinum",
"testudinum#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "testūdinī",
"links": [
[
"testūdinī",
"testudini#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "testūdinibus",
"links": [
[
"testūdinibus",
"testudinibus#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "testūdinem",
"links": [
[
"testūdinem",
"testudinem#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "testūdinēs",
"links": [
[
"testūdinēs",
"testudines#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "testūdine",
"links": [
[
"testūdine",
"testudine#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "testūdinibus",
"links": [
[
"testūdinibus",
"testudinibus#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "testūdō",
"links": [
[
"testūdō",
"testudo#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "testūdinēs",
"links": [
[
"testūdinēs",
"testudines#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "testūdō<3>"
},
"expansion": "testūdō f (genitive testūdinis); third declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "testūdō<3>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "testa"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "testāceus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "testātim"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "testeus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "testū"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "testuātium"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "testula"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "12 13 20 22 22 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin feminine nouns in the third declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 22 4 4 35 4",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Reptiles",
"orig": "la:Reptiles",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"tortoise, turtle"
],
"id": "en-testudo-la-noun-Gv9zLg9w",
"links": [
[
"tortoise",
"tortoise"
],
[
"turtle",
"turtle"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-3"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "12 13 20 22 22 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin feminine nouns in the third declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 12 25 23 26 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin terms suffixed with -tudo",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 22 4 4 35 4",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Reptiles",
"orig": "la:Reptiles",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"tortoise-shell"
],
"id": "en-testudo-la-noun-UPfCNRcd",
"links": [
[
"shell",
"shell"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-3"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "12 13 20 22 22 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin feminine nouns in the third declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 12 25 23 26 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin terms suffixed with -tudo",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "23 BCE – 13 BCE, Horatius, Carmina 1.32.14",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"lyre, lute"
],
"id": "en-testudo-la-noun-129uumxy",
"links": [
[
"lyre",
"lyre"
],
[
"lute",
"lute"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension) lyre, lute"
],
"tags": [
"broadly",
"declension-3"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Military",
"orig": "la:Military",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "12 13 20 22 22 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin feminine nouns in the third declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 12 25 23 26 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin terms suffixed with -tudo",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"covering, shed, shelter"
],
"id": "en-testudo-la-noun-PX91yf30",
"links": [
[
"military",
"military"
],
[
"covering",
"covering"
],
[
"shed",
"shed"
],
[
"shelter",
"shelter"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension, military) covering, shed, shelter"
],
"tags": [
"broadly",
"declension-3"
],
"topics": [
"government",
"military",
"politics",
"war"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Military",
"orig": "la:Military",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "17 20 3 17 15 2 1 1 2 4 3 16 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 13 2 18 18 1 1 1 1 2 2 20 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 4 4 5 14 13 52 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 4 5 5 15 16 47 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 4 4 5 14 13 52 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 8 12 16 56 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries referencing missing etymons",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 5 16 17 53 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with etymology texts",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 5 16 17 53 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 7 5 5 70 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 6 12 14 63 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 13 20 22 22 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin feminine nouns in the third declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 12 25 23 26 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin terms suffixed with -tudo",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 22 4 4 35 4",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Reptiles",
"orig": "la:Reptiles",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"covering, shed, shelter",
"testudo (shelter formed of the shields of the soldiers held over their heads)"
],
"id": "en-testudo-la-noun-eD4hDPLS",
"links": [
[
"military",
"military"
],
[
"covering",
"covering"
],
[
"shed",
"shed"
],
[
"shelter",
"shelter"
],
[
"testudo",
"testudo#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension, military) covering, shed, shelter",
"testudo (shelter formed of the shields of the soldiers held over their heads)"
],
"tags": [
"broadly",
"declension-3"
],
"topics": [
"government",
"military",
"politics",
"war"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "12 13 20 22 22 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin feminine nouns in the third declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Then, [facing the] doorway of the goddess [Juno], [there] in the middle beneath the vault of the temple, surrounded by armed guards, and supported by the lofty throne, [Dido] remained seated.",
"ref": "29 BCE – 19 BCE, Vergilius, Aeneis 1.505–506",
"roman": "saepta armīs, soliōque altē subnīxa resēdit.",
"text": "Tum foribus dīvae, mediā testūdine templī,",
"translation": "Then, [facing the] doorway of the goddess [Juno], [there] in the middle beneath the vault of the temple, surrounded by armed guards, and supported by the lofty throne, [Dido] remained seated.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"arch, vault"
],
"id": "en-testudo-la-noun-brBJXyMg",
"links": [
[
"arch",
"arch"
],
[
"vault",
"vault"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension, in buildings) arch, vault"
],
"raw_tags": [
"in buildings"
],
"tags": [
"broadly",
"declension-3"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[tɛsˈtuː.doː]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[tesˈtuː.do]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "testudo"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latin 3-syllable words",
"Latin entries referencing missing etymons",
"Latin entries with etymology texts",
"Latin entries with etymology trees",
"Latin entries with etymon",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin feminine nouns",
"Latin feminine nouns in the third declension",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin nouns",
"Latin terms suffixed with -tudo",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Latin third declension nouns",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Pages with etymon",
"la:Reptiles"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "testūdineātus"
},
{
"word": "testūdineus"
},
{
"word": "testūdō marīna"
},
{
"word": "testūdō terrestris"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"word": "testuggine"
},
{
"lang": "Neapolitan",
"lang_code": "nap",
"word": "stuscene"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "testudo"
},
{
"lang": "Esperanto",
"lang_code": "eo",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "testudo"
},
{
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "testudo"
},
{
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "testudo"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": ":af",
"3": "testa",
"4": "-tūdō",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nLatin testa\nProto-Indo-European *-tu-\nProto-Indo-European *-d-\nProto-Indo-European *-Hō\nProto-Italic *-tūdō\nLatin -tūdō\nLatin testudo\n[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-tūdō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"testudo\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }\" data-lang=\"la\" data-title=\"testudo\">\nFrom testa + -tūdō.",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "черепа́ха"
},
"expansion": "Russian черепа́ха (čerepáxa)",
"name": "m+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nLatin testa\nProto-Indo-European *-tu-\nProto-Indo-European *-d-\nProto-Indo-European *-Hō\nProto-Italic *-tūdō\nLatin -tūdō\nLatin testudo\nFrom testa + -tūdō.\nCompare typologically Russian черепа́ха (čerepáxa) (akin to черепо́к (čerepók), че́реп (čérep)).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "testūdō",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "testūdinis",
"links": [
[
"testūdinis",
"testudinis"
]
],
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "testūdō",
"links": [
[
"testūdō",
"testudo#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "testūdinēs",
"links": [
[
"testūdinēs",
"testudines#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "testūdinis",
"links": [
[
"testūdinis",
"testudinis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "testūdinum",
"links": [
[
"testūdinum",
"testudinum#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "testūdinī",
"links": [
[
"testūdinī",
"testudini#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "testūdinibus",
"links": [
[
"testūdinibus",
"testudinibus#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "testūdinem",
"links": [
[
"testūdinem",
"testudinem#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "testūdinēs",
"links": [
[
"testūdinēs",
"testudines#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "testūdine",
"links": [
[
"testūdine",
"testudine#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "testūdinibus",
"links": [
[
"testūdinibus",
"testudinibus#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "testūdō",
"links": [
[
"testūdō",
"testudo#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "testūdinēs",
"links": [
[
"testūdinēs",
"testudines#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "testūdō<3>"
},
"expansion": "testūdō f (genitive testūdinis); third declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "testūdō<3>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "testa"
},
{
"word": "testāceus"
},
{
"word": "testātim"
},
{
"word": "testeus"
},
{
"word": "testū"
},
{
"word": "testuātium"
},
{
"word": "testula"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"tortoise, turtle"
],
"links": [
[
"tortoise",
"tortoise"
],
[
"turtle",
"turtle"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-3"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"tortoise-shell"
],
"links": [
[
"shell",
"shell"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-3"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "23 BCE – 13 BCE, Horatius, Carmina 1.32.14",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"lyre, lute"
],
"links": [
[
"lyre",
"lyre"
],
[
"lute",
"lute"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension) lyre, lute"
],
"tags": [
"broadly",
"declension-3"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"la:Military"
],
"glosses": [
"covering, shed, shelter"
],
"links": [
[
"military",
"military"
],
[
"covering",
"covering"
],
[
"shed",
"shed"
],
[
"shelter",
"shelter"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension, military) covering, shed, shelter"
],
"tags": [
"broadly",
"declension-3"
],
"topics": [
"government",
"military",
"politics",
"war"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"la:Military"
],
"glosses": [
"covering, shed, shelter",
"testudo (shelter formed of the shields of the soldiers held over their heads)"
],
"links": [
[
"military",
"military"
],
[
"covering",
"covering"
],
[
"shed",
"shed"
],
[
"shelter",
"shelter"
],
[
"testudo",
"testudo#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension, military) covering, shed, shelter",
"testudo (shelter formed of the shields of the soldiers held over their heads)"
],
"tags": [
"broadly",
"declension-3"
],
"topics": [
"government",
"military",
"politics",
"war"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latin terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Then, [facing the] doorway of the goddess [Juno], [there] in the middle beneath the vault of the temple, surrounded by armed guards, and supported by the lofty throne, [Dido] remained seated.",
"ref": "29 BCE – 19 BCE, Vergilius, Aeneis 1.505–506",
"roman": "saepta armīs, soliōque altē subnīxa resēdit.",
"text": "Tum foribus dīvae, mediā testūdine templī,",
"translation": "Then, [facing the] doorway of the goddess [Juno], [there] in the middle beneath the vault of the temple, surrounded by armed guards, and supported by the lofty throne, [Dido] remained seated.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"arch, vault"
],
"links": [
[
"arch",
"arch"
],
[
"vault",
"vault"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension, in buildings) arch, vault"
],
"raw_tags": [
"in buildings"
],
"tags": [
"broadly",
"declension-3"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[tɛsˈtuː.doː]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[tesˈtuː.do]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "testudo"
}
Download raw JSONL data for testudo meaning in Latin (6.9kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Latin dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-08-02 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-07-06 using wiktextract (d9fa233 and 9e92f4b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.