See pugnus in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "pugneus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "pugnitus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "pugnō"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rup",
"2": "pulmu"
},
"expansion": "Aromanian: pulmu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Aromanian: pulmu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ast",
"2": "puñu"
},
"expansion": "Asturian: puñu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Asturian: puñu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "puny"
},
"expansion": "Catalan: puny",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Catalan: puny"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "co",
"2": "pugnu"
},
"expansion": "Corsican: pugnu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Corsican: pugnu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "egl",
"2": "pùgn"
},
"expansion": "Emilian: pùgn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Emilian: pùgn"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "eo",
"2": "pugno",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Esperanto: pugno",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Esperanto: pugno"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fur",
"2": "pugn"
},
"expansion": "Friulian: pugn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Friulian: pugn"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "io",
"2": "pugno"
},
"expansion": "Ido: pugno",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ido: pugno"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ist",
"2": "poûgno"
},
"expansion": "Istriot: poûgno",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Istriot: poûgno"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "pugno"
},
"expansion": "Italian: pugno\n→ Greek: μπουνιά f (bouniá)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Italian: pugno\n→ Greek: μπουνιά f (bouniá)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lmo",
"2": "pugn"
},
"expansion": "Lombard: pugn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lombard: pugn"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nap",
"2": "punio"
},
"expansion": "Neapolitan: punio",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Neapolitan: punio"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "poing"
},
"expansion": "Old French: poing\nMiddle French: poing\nFrench: poing\nNorman: poing\nWalloon: pougn",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old French: poing\nMiddle French: poing\nFrench: poing\nNorman: poing\nWalloon: pougn"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "roa-opt",
"2": "punno"
},
"expansion": "Old Galician-Portuguese: punno, puno, puño, punho\nGalician: puño\nPortuguese: punho",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Galician-Portuguese: punno, puno, puño, punho\nGalician: puño\nPortuguese: punho"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pro"
},
"expansion": "Old Occitan:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Occitan:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"2": "ponh",
"3": "punh"
},
"expansion": "Occitan: ponh, punh",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Occitan: ponh, punh"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osp"
},
"expansion": "Old Spanish:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Spanish:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "puño"
},
"expansion": "Spanish: puño",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Spanish: puño"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "pumn"
},
"expansion": "Romanian: pumn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Romanian: pumn"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rm",
"2": "pugn",
"3": "puogn"
},
"expansion": "Romansch: pugn, puogn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Romansch: pugn, puogn"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sc",
"2": "punzu",
"3": "prunzu",
"4": "pungiu",
"5": "puniu"
},
"expansion": "Sardinian: punzu, prunzu, pungiu, puniu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sardinian: punzu, prunzu, pungiu, puniu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "scn",
"2": "pugnu"
},
"expansion": "Sicilian: pugnu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sicilian: pugnu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vec",
"2": "pugno"
},
"expansion": "Venetan: pugno",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Venetan: pugno"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "inh",
"3": "itc-pro>*pugnos>fist",
"id": "fist"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*pugnos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *pugnos",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*puǵnos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *puǵnos",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "πυγμή",
"3": "",
"4": "fist"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek πυγμή (pugmḗ, “fist”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Italic *pugnos, from Proto-Indo-European *puǵnos, *puḱnos, from *pewǵ- (“prick, punch”). Near cognates include Ancient Greek πυγμή (pugmḗ, “fist”). Related to pungō.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "pugnī",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnōrum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnōs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pugne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pugnus<2>"
},
"expansion": "pugnus m (genitive pugnī); second declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pugnus<2>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "pugil"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "pugiō"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "pugna"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "pugnācitās"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "pugnāciter"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "pugnāculum"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "pugnantia"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "pugnātor"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "pugnātōrius"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "pugnātrīx"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "pugnāx"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "pungō"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "97 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "56 44",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin masculine nouns in the second declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "98 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "97 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "82 18",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Anatomy",
"orig": "la:Anatomy",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a fist; a hand with all fingers curled up"
],
"id": "en-pugnus-la-noun-WtJJVOXU",
"links": [
[
"fist",
"fist"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"a fistful, handful"
],
"id": "en-pugnus-la-noun-Ue7903Py",
"links": [
[
"fistful",
"fistful"
],
[
"handful",
"handful"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈpʊŋ.nʊs]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈpuɲ.ɲus]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "pugnus"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latin 2-syllable words",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin masculine nouns",
"Latin masculine nouns in the second declension",
"Latin nouns",
"Latin second declension nouns",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"Latin terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *pewǵ-",
"Latin terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latin terms inherited from Proto-Italic",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"la:Anatomy"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "pugneus"
},
{
"word": "pugnitus"
},
{
"word": "pugnō"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rup",
"2": "pulmu"
},
"expansion": "Aromanian: pulmu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Aromanian: pulmu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ast",
"2": "puñu"
},
"expansion": "Asturian: puñu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Asturian: puñu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "puny"
},
"expansion": "Catalan: puny",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Catalan: puny"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "co",
"2": "pugnu"
},
"expansion": "Corsican: pugnu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Corsican: pugnu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "egl",
"2": "pùgn"
},
"expansion": "Emilian: pùgn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Emilian: pùgn"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "eo",
"2": "pugno",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Esperanto: pugno",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Esperanto: pugno"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fur",
"2": "pugn"
},
"expansion": "Friulian: pugn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Friulian: pugn"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "io",
"2": "pugno"
},
"expansion": "Ido: pugno",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ido: pugno"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ist",
"2": "poûgno"
},
"expansion": "Istriot: poûgno",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Istriot: poûgno"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "pugno"
},
"expansion": "Italian: pugno\n→ Greek: μπουνιά f (bouniá)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Italian: pugno\n→ Greek: μπουνιά f (bouniá)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lmo",
"2": "pugn"
},
"expansion": "Lombard: pugn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lombard: pugn"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nap",
"2": "punio"
},
"expansion": "Neapolitan: punio",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Neapolitan: punio"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "poing"
},
"expansion": "Old French: poing\nMiddle French: poing\nFrench: poing\nNorman: poing\nWalloon: pougn",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old French: poing\nMiddle French: poing\nFrench: poing\nNorman: poing\nWalloon: pougn"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "roa-opt",
"2": "punno"
},
"expansion": "Old Galician-Portuguese: punno, puno, puño, punho\nGalician: puño\nPortuguese: punho",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Galician-Portuguese: punno, puno, puño, punho\nGalician: puño\nPortuguese: punho"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pro"
},
"expansion": "Old Occitan:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Occitan:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"2": "ponh",
"3": "punh"
},
"expansion": "Occitan: ponh, punh",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Occitan: ponh, punh"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osp"
},
"expansion": "Old Spanish:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Spanish:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "puño"
},
"expansion": "Spanish: puño",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Spanish: puño"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "pumn"
},
"expansion": "Romanian: pumn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Romanian: pumn"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rm",
"2": "pugn",
"3": "puogn"
},
"expansion": "Romansch: pugn, puogn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Romansch: pugn, puogn"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sc",
"2": "punzu",
"3": "prunzu",
"4": "pungiu",
"5": "puniu"
},
"expansion": "Sardinian: punzu, prunzu, pungiu, puniu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sardinian: punzu, prunzu, pungiu, puniu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "scn",
"2": "pugnu"
},
"expansion": "Sicilian: pugnu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sicilian: pugnu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vec",
"2": "pugno"
},
"expansion": "Venetan: pugno",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Venetan: pugno"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "inh",
"3": "itc-pro>*pugnos>fist",
"id": "fist"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*pugnos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *pugnos",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*puǵnos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *puǵnos",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "πυγμή",
"3": "",
"4": "fist"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek πυγμή (pugmḗ, “fist”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Italic *pugnos, from Proto-Indo-European *puǵnos, *puḱnos, from *pewǵ- (“prick, punch”). Near cognates include Ancient Greek πυγμή (pugmḗ, “fist”). Related to pungō.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "pugnī",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnōrum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnōs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pugne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "pugnī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pugnus<2>"
},
"expansion": "pugnus m (genitive pugnī); second declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pugnus<2>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "pugil"
},
{
"word": "pugiō"
},
{
"word": "pugna"
},
{
"word": "pugnācitās"
},
{
"word": "pugnāciter"
},
{
"word": "pugnāculum"
},
{
"word": "pugnantia"
},
{
"word": "pugnātor"
},
{
"word": "pugnātōrius"
},
{
"word": "pugnātrīx"
},
{
"word": "pugnāx"
},
{
"word": "pungō"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"a fist; a hand with all fingers curled up"
],
"links": [
[
"fist",
"fist"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"a fistful, handful"
],
"links": [
[
"fistful",
"fistful"
],
[
"handful",
"handful"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈpʊŋ.nʊs]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈpuɲ.ɲus]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "pugnus"
}
Download raw JSONL data for pugnus meaning in Latin (7.1kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Latin dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-06-24 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-06-20 using wiktextract (074e7de and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.