See hostis in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "People",
"orig": "la:People",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "hospes"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "hosticus"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rup",
"2": "oasti"
},
"expansion": "Aromanian: oasti",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Aromanian: oasti"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ast",
"2": "güeste"
},
"expansion": "Asturian: güeste",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Asturian: güeste"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "host"
},
"expansion": "Catalan: host",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Catalan: host"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "ost",
"3": "host"
},
"expansion": "Old French: ost, host",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old French: ost, host"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "host",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: host",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: host"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "ost",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ French: ost",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "revival of the Old French word"
},
"expansion": "(revival of the Old French word)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "→ French: ost (revival of the Old French word)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nrf",
"2": "hôt",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Norman: hôt",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Pays de Bray"
},
"expansion": "(Pays de Bray)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "→ Norman: hôt (Pays de Bray)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pcd",
"2": "hôt",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Picard: hôt",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Picard: hôt"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "hoste"
},
"expansion": "Galician: hoste",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Galician: hoste"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "óstach",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Irish: óstach",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Irish: óstach"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "oste"
},
"expansion": "Italian: oste",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Italian: oste"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"2": "òst"
},
"expansion": "Occitan: òst",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Occitan: òst"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "hoste"
},
"expansion": "Portuguese: hoste",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Portuguese: hoste"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "oaste"
},
"expansion": "Romanian: oaste",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Romanian: oaste"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "hoste",
"3": "hueste"
},
"expansion": "Spanish: hoste, hueste",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Spanish: hoste, hueste"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*hostis"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *hostis",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʰóstis",
"t": "guest, stranger"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʰóstis (“guest, stranger”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*gastiz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *gastiz",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "guest"
},
"expansion": "English guest",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*gostь"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *gostь",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Italic *hostis, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰóstis (“guest, stranger”), whence also Proto-Germanic *gastiz (English guest) and Proto-Slavic *gostь. Varro (de lingua latina 5.4) confirms this: tum eō verbō dīcēbant peregrīnum …, nunc dīcunt eum quem tum dīcēbant perduellem. (\"Back then this word meant a stranger, today it means the same as perduellis - an enemy of the state.\").",
"forms": [
{
"form": "hostis",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "hostis",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hostēs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hostis",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hostium",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hostī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hostibus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hostem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hostēs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hostīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hoste",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hostibus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hostis",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "hostēs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ostis",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Late-Latin",
"Medieval-Latin"
]
},
{
"form": "fostis",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"rare"
]
},
{
"form": "ost",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Medieval-Latin",
"rare"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hostis<3>",
"g": "m",
"g2": "f"
},
"expansion": "hostis m or f (genitive hostis); third declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hostis<3>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "52 48",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin feminine nouns in the third declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "52 48",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin masculine nouns in the third declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"an enemy of the state, a hostile"
],
"id": "en-hostis-la-noun-ckPxlURi",
"links": [
[
"enemy",
"enemy"
],
[
"state",
"state"
],
[
"hostile",
"hostile"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "inimīcus"
},
{
"word": "perduellis"
}
],
"tags": [
"declension-3",
"feminine",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin pluralia tantum",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "41 59",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "52 48",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin feminine nouns in the third declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "52 48",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin masculine nouns in the third declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "41 59",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "41 59",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"the enemy"
],
"id": "en-hostis-la-noun-PIuMRc8f",
"links": [
[
"enemy",
"enemy"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(plural only) the enemy"
],
"tags": [
"declension-3",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"plural",
"plural-only"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈhɔs.tɪs]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈɔs.t̪is]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "hostis"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin feminine nouns",
"Latin feminine nouns in the third declension",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin masculine nouns",
"Latin masculine nouns in the third declension",
"Latin nouns",
"Latin nouns with multiple genders",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"Latin terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latin terms inherited from Proto-Italic",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Latin third declension nouns",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"la:People"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "hospes"
},
{
"word": "hosticus"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rup",
"2": "oasti"
},
"expansion": "Aromanian: oasti",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Aromanian: oasti"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ast",
"2": "güeste"
},
"expansion": "Asturian: güeste",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Asturian: güeste"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "host"
},
"expansion": "Catalan: host",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Catalan: host"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "ost",
"3": "host"
},
"expansion": "Old French: ost, host",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old French: ost, host"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "host",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: host",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: host"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "ost",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ French: ost",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "revival of the Old French word"
},
"expansion": "(revival of the Old French word)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "→ French: ost (revival of the Old French word)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nrf",
"2": "hôt",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Norman: hôt",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Pays de Bray"
},
"expansion": "(Pays de Bray)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "→ Norman: hôt (Pays de Bray)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pcd",
"2": "hôt",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Picard: hôt",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Picard: hôt"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "hoste"
},
"expansion": "Galician: hoste",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Galician: hoste"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "óstach",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Irish: óstach",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Irish: óstach"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "oste"
},
"expansion": "Italian: oste",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Italian: oste"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"2": "òst"
},
"expansion": "Occitan: òst",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Occitan: òst"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "hoste"
},
"expansion": "Portuguese: hoste",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Portuguese: hoste"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "oaste"
},
"expansion": "Romanian: oaste",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Romanian: oaste"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "hoste",
"3": "hueste"
},
"expansion": "Spanish: hoste, hueste",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Spanish: hoste, hueste"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*hostis"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *hostis",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʰóstis",
"t": "guest, stranger"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʰóstis (“guest, stranger”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*gastiz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *gastiz",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "guest"
},
"expansion": "English guest",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*gostь"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *gostь",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Italic *hostis, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰóstis (“guest, stranger”), whence also Proto-Germanic *gastiz (English guest) and Proto-Slavic *gostь. Varro (de lingua latina 5.4) confirms this: tum eō verbō dīcēbant peregrīnum …, nunc dīcunt eum quem tum dīcēbant perduellem. (\"Back then this word meant a stranger, today it means the same as perduellis - an enemy of the state.\").",
"forms": [
{
"form": "hostis",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "hostis",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hostēs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hostis",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hostium",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hostī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hostibus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hostem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hostēs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hostīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hoste",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hostibus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hostis",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "hostēs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ostis",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Late-Latin",
"Medieval-Latin"
]
},
{
"form": "fostis",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"rare"
]
},
{
"form": "ost",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Medieval-Latin",
"rare"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hostis<3>",
"g": "m",
"g2": "f"
},
"expansion": "hostis m or f (genitive hostis); third declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hostis<3>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"an enemy of the state, a hostile"
],
"links": [
[
"enemy",
"enemy"
],
[
"state",
"state"
],
[
"hostile",
"hostile"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "inimīcus"
},
{
"word": "perduellis"
}
],
"tags": [
"declension-3",
"feminine",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latin pluralia tantum"
],
"glosses": [
"the enemy"
],
"links": [
[
"enemy",
"enemy"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(plural only) the enemy"
],
"tags": [
"declension-3",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"plural",
"plural-only"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈhɔs.tɪs]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈɔs.t̪is]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "hostis"
}
Download raw JSONL data for hostis meaning in Latin (6.3kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Latin dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-06-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-05-20 using wiktextract (3dadd05 and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.