"gladius" meaning in Latin

See gladius in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

IPA: /ˈɡla.di.us/ [Classical], [ˈɡɫ̪äd̪iʊs̠] [Classical], /ˈɡla.di.us/ (note: modern Italianate Ecclesiastical), [ˈɡläːd̪ius] (note: modern Italianate Ecclesiastical)
Etymology: Possibly from Gaulish *kladyos (“sword”), from Proto-Celtic *kladiwos (“sword”) (compare Old Irish claideb (“sword”), Welsh cleddyf (“sword”) from Proto-Indo-European *kelh₂- (“to beat, break”)). Cognate with Latin clādes, clāva, percellō. Etymology templates: {{der|la|cel-gau|*kladyos|t=sword}} Gaulish *kladyos (“sword”), {{der|la|cel-pro|*kladiwos|t=sword}} Proto-Celtic *kladiwos (“sword”), {{cog|sga|claideb|t=sword}} Old Irish claideb (“sword”), {{cog|cy|cleddyf|t=sword}} Welsh cleddyf (“sword”), {{der|la|ine-pro|*kelh₂-|t=to beat, break}} Proto-Indo-European *kelh₂- (“to beat, break”), {{cog|la|clādes}} Latin clādes, {{m|la|clāva}} clāva, {{m|la|percellō}} percellō Head templates: {{la-noun|gladius<2>}} gladius m (genitive gladiī or gladī); second declension Inflection templates: {{la-ndecl|gladius<2>}} Forms: gladiī [genitive], gladī [genitive], no-table-tags [table-tags], gladius [nominative, singular], gladiī [nominative, plural], gladiī [genitive, singular], gladī [genitive, singular], gladiōrum [genitive, plural], gladiō [dative, singular], gladiīs [dative, plural], gladium [accusative, singular], gladiōs [accusative, plural], gladiō [ablative, singular], gladiīs [ablative, plural], gladie [singular, vocative], gladiī [plural, vocative]
  1. sword Tags: declension-2, masculine Categories (topical): Weapons Synonyms: ēnsis, mūcrō, spatha
    Sense id: en-gladius-la-noun-pExHse4k Disambiguation of Weapons: 73 1 9 17 1 Categories (other): Latin entries with incorrect language header, Latin entries with topic categories using raw markup, Latin masculine nouns in the second declension Disambiguation of Latin entries with incorrect language header: 56 1 35 6 1 Disambiguation of Latin entries with topic categories using raw markup: 61 1 32 4 1 Disambiguation of Latin masculine nouns in the second declension: 22 16 19 25 18
  2. (figuratively) murder, death Tags: declension-2, figuratively, masculine Synonyms: mors
    Sense id: en-gladius-la-noun-7J8Pnd1k Categories (other): Latin masculine nouns in the second declension Disambiguation of Latin masculine nouns in the second declension: 22 16 19 25 18
  3. a gladiatorial contest Tags: declension-2, masculine
    Sense id: en-gladius-la-noun-FOxKzEJx Categories (other): Latin masculine nouns in the second declension Disambiguation of Latin masculine nouns in the second declension: 22 16 19 25 18
  4. swordfish Tags: declension-2, masculine Synonyms: xiphiās
    Sense id: en-gladius-la-noun-ufGVxcx- Categories (other): Latin masculine nouns in the second declension Disambiguation of Latin masculine nouns in the second declension: 22 16 19 25 18
  5. (slang) penis Tags: declension-2, masculine, slang
    Sense id: en-gladius-la-noun-9pUtbu9V Categories (other): Latin masculine nouns in the second declension Disambiguation of Latin masculine nouns in the second declension: 22 16 19 25 18
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Derived forms: gladiolus, gladiātor, gladiātōrium, gladiātōriē, gladiātūra, glāvus

Inflected forms

Download JSON data for gladius meaning in Latin (9.9kB)

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "gladiolus"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "gladiātor"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "gladiātōrium"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "gladiātōriē"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "gladiātūra"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "glāvus"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Gallo-Italic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "lij",
            "2": "iao",
            "t": "sword"
          },
          "expansion": "Ligurian: iao (“sword”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Ligurian: iao (“sword”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "lmo",
            "2": "giaio"
          },
          "expansion": "Lombard: giaio",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Lombard: giaio"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pms",
            "2": "sgiái",
            "der": "1",
            "t": "horror"
          },
          "expansion": "⇒ Piedmontese: sgiái (“horror”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "⇒ Piedmontese: sgiái (“horror”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Gallo-Romance:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "roa-oca",
            "2": "glay",
            "3": "glai",
            "t2": "sword, fright"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Catalan: glay, glai (“sword, fright”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Catalan: glay, glai (“sword, fright”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ca",
            "2": "esglai",
            "der": "1",
            "t": "fright"
          },
          "expansion": "⇒ Catalan: esglai (“fright”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "⇒ Catalan: esglai (“fright”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "frp",
            "2": "glaio"
          },
          "expansion": "Franco-Provençal: glaio",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Franco-Provençal: glaio"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fro",
            "2": "glai",
            "3": "glay",
            "t2": "sword, lance, sword-lily"
          },
          "expansion": "Old French: glai, glay (“sword, lance, sword-lily”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old French: glai, glay (“sword, lance, sword-lily”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fr",
            "2": "glai",
            "t": "sword-lily"
          },
          "expansion": "French: glai (“sword-lily”)",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "regional"
          },
          "expansion": "(regional)",
          "name": "q"
        }
      ],
      "text": "French: glai (“sword-lily”) (regional)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pro",
            "2": "glai",
            "3": "glazi",
            "t": "horror, ice",
            "t2": "sword, carnage"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Occitan: glai (“horror, ice”), glazi (“sword, carnage”)",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "probably from gladī NOM.PL"
          },
          "expansion": "(probably from gladī NOM.PL)",
          "name": "q"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Occitan: glai (“horror, ice”), glazi (“sword, carnage”) (probably from gladī NOM.PL)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "oc-auv",
            "2": "glasi",
            "t": "sword"
          },
          "expansion": "Auvergnat: glasi (“sword”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Auvergnat: glasi (“sword”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "oc-lim",
            "2": "glaize"
          },
          "expansion": "Limousin: glaize",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Limousin: glaize"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Italo-Romance:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "it",
            "2": "ghiado",
            "t": "sword, cold"
          },
          "expansion": "Italian: ghiado (“sword, cold”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Italian: ghiado (“sword, cold”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nap",
            "2": "jajo",
            "t": "disgust, shiver"
          },
          "expansion": "Neapolitan: jajo (“disgust, shiver”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Neapolitan: jajo (“disgust, shiver”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Borrowings:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nl",
            "2": "gladius",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Dutch: gladius",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Dutch: gladius"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "gladius",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ English: gladius",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ English: gladius"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pt",
            "2": "gládio",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Portuguese: gládio",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Portuguese: gládio"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "es",
            "2": "gladio",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Spanish: gladio",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Spanish: gladio"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ro",
            "2": "gladium",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Romanian: gladium",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Romanian: gladium"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "cel-gau",
        "3": "*kladyos",
        "t": "sword"
      },
      "expansion": "Gaulish *kladyos (“sword”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "cel-pro",
        "3": "*kladiwos",
        "t": "sword"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Celtic *kladiwos (“sword”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "claideb",
        "t": "sword"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Irish claideb (“sword”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cy",
        "2": "cleddyf",
        "t": "sword"
      },
      "expansion": "Welsh cleddyf (“sword”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*kelh₂-",
        "t": "to beat, break"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kelh₂- (“to beat, break”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "clādes"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin clādes",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "clāva"
      },
      "expansion": "clāva",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "percellō"
      },
      "expansion": "percellō",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Possibly from Gaulish *kladyos (“sword”), from Proto-Celtic *kladiwos (“sword”) (compare Old Irish claideb (“sword”), Welsh cleddyf (“sword”) from Proto-Indo-European *kelh₂- (“to beat, break”)). Cognate with Latin clādes, clāva, percellō.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "gladiī",
      "tags": [
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gladī",
      "tags": [
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "la-ndecl",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gladius",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gladiī",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gladiī",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gladī",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gladiōrum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gladiō",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gladiīs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gladium",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gladiōs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gladiō",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gladiīs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gladie",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gladiī",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gladius<2>"
      },
      "expansion": "gladius m (genitive gladiī or gladī); second declension",
      "name": "la-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gladius<2>"
      },
      "name": "la-ndecl"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Latin",
  "lang_code": "la",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "56 1 35 6 1",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "61 1 32 4 1",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latin entries with topic categories using raw markup",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "22 16 19 25 18",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latin masculine nouns in the second declension",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "73 1 9 17 1",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "la",
          "name": "Weapons",
          "orig": "la:Weapons",
          "parents": [
            "Hunting",
            "Military",
            "Tools",
            "Human activity",
            "Society",
            "Technology",
            "Human behaviour",
            "All topics",
            "Human",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "Put the sword into its sheath.",
          "text": "Mitte gladium in vaginam.",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "to fall on one's sword",
          "text": "in gladium incumbere",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "What are you doing with a sword?",
          "ref": "8 CE, Ovid, Fasti 2.101",
          "text": "quid tibi cum gladiō?"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "sword"
      ],
      "id": "en-gladius-la-noun-pExHse4k",
      "links": [
        [
          "sword",
          "sword"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "ēnsis"
        },
        {
          "word": "mūcrō"
        },
        {
          "word": "spatha"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "declension-2",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "22 16 19 25 18",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latin masculine nouns in the second declension",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "murder, death"
      ],
      "id": "en-gladius-la-noun-7J8Pnd1k",
      "links": [
        [
          "murder",
          "murder"
        ],
        [
          "death",
          "death"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(figuratively) murder, death"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "mors"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "declension-2",
        "figuratively",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "22 16 19 25 18",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latin masculine nouns in the second declension",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "a gladiatorial contest"
      ],
      "id": "en-gladius-la-noun-FOxKzEJx",
      "links": [
        [
          "gladiatorial",
          "gladiatorial"
        ],
        [
          "contest",
          "contest"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "declension-2",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "22 16 19 25 18",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latin masculine nouns in the second declension",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "swordfish"
      ],
      "id": "en-gladius-la-noun-ufGVxcx-",
      "links": [
        [
          "swordfish",
          "swordfish"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "xiphiās"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "declension-2",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "22 16 19 25 18",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latin masculine nouns in the second declension",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "penis"
      ],
      "id": "en-gladius-la-noun-9pUtbu9V",
      "links": [
        [
          "penis",
          "penis"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(slang) penis"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "declension-2",
        "masculine",
        "slang"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈɡla.di.us/",
      "tags": [
        "Classical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈɡɫ̪äd̪iʊs̠]",
      "tags": [
        "Classical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈɡla.di.us/",
      "note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈɡläːd̪ius]",
      "note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
    }
  ],
  "word": "gladius"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Latin 3-syllable words",
    "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
    "Latin entries with topic categories using raw markup",
    "Latin lemmas",
    "Latin masculine nouns",
    "Latin masculine nouns in the second declension",
    "Latin nouns",
    "Latin second declension nouns",
    "Latin terms derived from Gaulish",
    "Latin terms derived from Proto-Celtic",
    "Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "la:Weapons"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "gladiolus"
    },
    {
      "word": "gladiātor"
    },
    {
      "word": "gladiātōrium"
    },
    {
      "word": "gladiātōriē"
    },
    {
      "word": "gladiātūra"
    },
    {
      "word": "glāvus"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Gallo-Italic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "lij",
            "2": "iao",
            "t": "sword"
          },
          "expansion": "Ligurian: iao (“sword”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Ligurian: iao (“sword”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "lmo",
            "2": "giaio"
          },
          "expansion": "Lombard: giaio",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Lombard: giaio"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pms",
            "2": "sgiái",
            "der": "1",
            "t": "horror"
          },
          "expansion": "⇒ Piedmontese: sgiái (“horror”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "⇒ Piedmontese: sgiái (“horror”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Gallo-Romance:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "roa-oca",
            "2": "glay",
            "3": "glai",
            "t2": "sword, fright"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Catalan: glay, glai (“sword, fright”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Catalan: glay, glai (“sword, fright”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ca",
            "2": "esglai",
            "der": "1",
            "t": "fright"
          },
          "expansion": "⇒ Catalan: esglai (“fright”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "⇒ Catalan: esglai (“fright”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "frp",
            "2": "glaio"
          },
          "expansion": "Franco-Provençal: glaio",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Franco-Provençal: glaio"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fro",
            "2": "glai",
            "3": "glay",
            "t2": "sword, lance, sword-lily"
          },
          "expansion": "Old French: glai, glay (“sword, lance, sword-lily”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old French: glai, glay (“sword, lance, sword-lily”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fr",
            "2": "glai",
            "t": "sword-lily"
          },
          "expansion": "French: glai (“sword-lily”)",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "regional"
          },
          "expansion": "(regional)",
          "name": "q"
        }
      ],
      "text": "French: glai (“sword-lily”) (regional)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pro",
            "2": "glai",
            "3": "glazi",
            "t": "horror, ice",
            "t2": "sword, carnage"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Occitan: glai (“horror, ice”), glazi (“sword, carnage”)",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "probably from gladī NOM.PL"
          },
          "expansion": "(probably from gladī NOM.PL)",
          "name": "q"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Occitan: glai (“horror, ice”), glazi (“sword, carnage”) (probably from gladī NOM.PL)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "oc-auv",
            "2": "glasi",
            "t": "sword"
          },
          "expansion": "Auvergnat: glasi (“sword”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Auvergnat: glasi (“sword”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "oc-lim",
            "2": "glaize"
          },
          "expansion": "Limousin: glaize",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Limousin: glaize"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Italo-Romance:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "it",
            "2": "ghiado",
            "t": "sword, cold"
          },
          "expansion": "Italian: ghiado (“sword, cold”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Italian: ghiado (“sword, cold”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nap",
            "2": "jajo",
            "t": "disgust, shiver"
          },
          "expansion": "Neapolitan: jajo (“disgust, shiver”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Neapolitan: jajo (“disgust, shiver”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Borrowings:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nl",
            "2": "gladius",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Dutch: gladius",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Dutch: gladius"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "gladius",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ English: gladius",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ English: gladius"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pt",
            "2": "gládio",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Portuguese: gládio",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Portuguese: gládio"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "es",
            "2": "gladio",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Spanish: gladio",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Spanish: gladio"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ro",
            "2": "gladium",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Romanian: gladium",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Romanian: gladium"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "cel-gau",
        "3": "*kladyos",
        "t": "sword"
      },
      "expansion": "Gaulish *kladyos (“sword”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "cel-pro",
        "3": "*kladiwos",
        "t": "sword"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Celtic *kladiwos (“sword”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "claideb",
        "t": "sword"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Irish claideb (“sword”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cy",
        "2": "cleddyf",
        "t": "sword"
      },
      "expansion": "Welsh cleddyf (“sword”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*kelh₂-",
        "t": "to beat, break"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kelh₂- (“to beat, break”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "clādes"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin clādes",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "clāva"
      },
      "expansion": "clāva",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "percellō"
      },
      "expansion": "percellō",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Possibly from Gaulish *kladyos (“sword”), from Proto-Celtic *kladiwos (“sword”) (compare Old Irish claideb (“sword”), Welsh cleddyf (“sword”) from Proto-Indo-European *kelh₂- (“to beat, break”)). Cognate with Latin clādes, clāva, percellō.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "gladiī",
      "tags": [
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gladī",
      "tags": [
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "la-ndecl",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gladius",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gladiī",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gladiī",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gladī",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gladiōrum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gladiō",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gladiīs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gladium",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gladiōs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gladiō",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gladiīs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gladie",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gladiī",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gladius<2>"
      },
      "expansion": "gladius m (genitive gladiī or gladī); second declension",
      "name": "la-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gladius<2>"
      },
      "name": "la-ndecl"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Latin",
  "lang_code": "la",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Latin terms with quotations",
        "Latin terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "Put the sword into its sheath.",
          "text": "Mitte gladium in vaginam.",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "to fall on one's sword",
          "text": "in gladium incumbere",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "What are you doing with a sword?",
          "ref": "8 CE, Ovid, Fasti 2.101",
          "text": "quid tibi cum gladiō?"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "sword"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "sword",
          "sword"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "ēnsis"
        },
        {
          "word": "mūcrō"
        },
        {
          "word": "spatha"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "declension-2",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "murder, death"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "murder",
          "murder"
        ],
        [
          "death",
          "death"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(figuratively) murder, death"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "mors"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "declension-2",
        "figuratively",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "a gladiatorial contest"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "gladiatorial",
          "gladiatorial"
        ],
        [
          "contest",
          "contest"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "declension-2",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "swordfish"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "swordfish",
          "swordfish"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "xiphiās"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "declension-2",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Latin slang"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "penis"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "penis",
          "penis"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(slang) penis"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "declension-2",
        "masculine",
        "slang"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈɡla.di.us/",
      "tags": [
        "Classical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈɡɫ̪äd̪iʊs̠]",
      "tags": [
        "Classical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈɡla.di.us/",
      "note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈɡläːd̪ius]",
      "note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
    }
  ],
  "word": "gladius"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Latin dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.