"firmus" meaning in Latin

See firmus in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Adjective

IPA: [ˈfɪr.mʊs] [Classical-Latin], [ˈfir.mus] (note: modern Italianate Ecclesiastical)
Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *dʰer- Proto-Indo-European *-mos Proto-Indo-European *dʰermos Proto-Italic *θermos Proto-Italic *fermos Latin firmus From Proto-Italic *fermos, from earlier *θermos, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰer-mo-s (“holding”) (whence also Sanskrit धर्म (dharma)), from the root *dʰer- (“to hold”) (whence also ferē and fermē). Cognate with Sanskrit धरति (dhárati), Old Persian 𐎭𐎠𐎼𐎹𐎫𐎡𐎹 (d-a-r-y-t-i-y /⁠dārayatiy⁠/), Persian داشتن (“have, hold”), Lithuanian derė́ti, Russian держа́ть (deržátʹ). Etymology templates: {{etymon|la|:inh|itc-pro:*fermos<ety:from<itc-pro:*θermos<ety:inh<ine-pro:*dʰermos<ety:af<ine-pro:*dʰer-><ine-pro:*-mos>>>>>>|id=strong|tree=1}} Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *dʰer- Proto-Indo-European *-mos Proto-Indo-European *dʰermos Proto-Italic *θermos Proto-Italic *fermos Latin firmus, {{inh|la|itc-pro|*fermos}} Proto-Italic *fermos, {{inh|la|ine-pro||*dʰer-mo-s|holding}} Proto-Indo-European *dʰer-mo-s (“holding”), {{cog|sa|धर्म}} Sanskrit धर्म (dharma), {{cog|sa|धरति|tr=dhárati}} Sanskrit धरति (dhárati), {{cog|peo|𐎭𐎠𐎼𐎹𐎫𐎡𐎹|ts=dārayatiy}} Old Persian 𐎭𐎠𐎼𐎹𐎫𐎡𐎹 (d-a-r-y-t-i-y /⁠dārayatiy⁠/), {{cog|fa|داشتن||have, hold}} Persian داشتن (“have, hold”), {{cog|lt|derė́ti}} Lithuanian derė́ti, {{cog|ru|держа́ть}} Russian держа́ть (deržátʹ) Head templates: {{la-adj|firmus|adv=firmiter|comp=firmior|sup=firmissimus}} firmus (feminine firma, neuter firmum, comparative firmior, superlative firmissimus, adverb firmiter); first/second-declension adjective Inflection templates: {{la-adecl|firmus}} Forms: firma [feminine], firmum [neuter], firmior [comparative], firmissimus [superlative], firmiter [adverb], no-table-tags [table-tags], firmus [masculine, nominative, singular], firma [feminine, nominative, singular], firmum [neuter, nominative, singular], firmī [masculine, nominative, plural], firmae [feminine, nominative, plural], firma [neuter, nominative, plural], firmī [genitive, masculine, singular], firmae [feminine, genitive, singular], firmī [genitive, neuter, singular], firmōrum [genitive, masculine, plural], firmārum [feminine, genitive, plural], firmōrum [genitive, neuter, plural], firmō [dative, masculine, singular], firmae [dative, feminine, singular], firmō [dative, neuter, singular], firmīs [dative, feminine, masculine, neuter, plural], firmum [accusative, masculine, singular], firmam [accusative, feminine, singular], firmum [accusative, neuter, singular], firmōs [accusative, masculine, plural], firmās [accusative, feminine, plural], firma [accusative, neuter, plural], firmō [ablative, masculine, singular], firmā [ablative, feminine, singular], firmō [ablative, neuter, singular], firmīs [ablative, feminine, masculine, neuter, plural], firme [masculine, singular, vocative], firma [feminine, singular, vocative], firmum [neuter, singular, vocative], firmī [masculine, plural, vocative], firmae [feminine, plural, vocative], firma [neuter, plural, vocative], firmis [alternative]
  1. strong, powerful Tags: adjective, declension-1, declension-2 Synonyms: praevalēns, validus, fortis, potis, potēns, strēnuus, ingēns, compos
    Sense id: en-firmus-la-adj-32xCh9bM Categories (other): Latin entries with etymology trees, Latin entries with incorrect language header, Pages using etymon with no ID, Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries, Pages with etymology trees Disambiguation of Latin entries with etymology trees: 68 0 32 Disambiguation of Latin entries with incorrect language header: 46 8 46 Disambiguation of Pages using etymon with no ID: 70 0 30 Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 45 0 55 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 51 0 49 Disambiguation of Pages with etymology trees: 56 0 44
  2. stable, firm Tags: adjective, declension-1, declension-2 Synonyms: dūrus, rōbustus
    Sense id: en-firmus-la-adj-58T9vYwQ
  3. faithful, steadfast, true Tags: adjective, declension-1, declension-2
    Sense id: en-firmus-la-adj-jFR139~e Categories (other): Latin entries with incorrect language header, Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries Disambiguation of Latin entries with incorrect language header: 46 8 46 Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 45 0 55 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 51 0 49
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Derived forms: firmāmen, firmāmentum, firmātor, firmē, firmitās, firmiter, firmitūdō, Firmius, firmō

Inflected forms

Alternative forms

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "firmāmen"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "firmāmentum"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "firmātor"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "firmē"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "firmitās"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "firmiter"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "firmitūdō"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "Firmius"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "firmō"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "lang": "Catalan",
      "lang_code": "ca",
      "word": "ferm"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Corsican",
      "lang_code": "co",
      "word": "fermu"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Dalmatian",
      "lang_code": "dlm",
      "word": "farm"
    },
    {
      "lang": "English",
      "lang_code": "en",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "word": "firm"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Esperanto",
      "lang_code": "eo",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "word": "firmo"
    },
    {
      "lang": "French",
      "lang_code": "fr",
      "word": "ferme"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Friulian",
      "lang_code": "fur",
      "word": "fêr"
    },
    {
      "lang": "German",
      "lang_code": "de",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "word": "firm"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Italian",
      "lang_code": "it",
      "word": "fermo"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Occitan",
      "lang_code": "oc",
      "word": "ferm"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "lang_code": "pt",
      "word": "firme"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Romanian",
      "lang_code": "ro",
      "word": "ferm"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Sardinian",
      "lang_code": "sc",
      "word": "fírmu"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Sicilian",
      "lang_code": "scn",
      "word": "fermu"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "lang_code": "es",
      "word": "firme"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": ":inh",
        "3": "itc-pro:*fermos<ety:from<itc-pro:*θermos<ety:inh<ine-pro:*dʰermos<ety:af<ine-pro:*dʰer-><ine-pro:*-mos>>>>>>",
        "id": "strong",
        "tree": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *dʰer-\nProto-Indo-European *-mos\nProto-Indo-European *dʰermos\nProto-Italic *θermos\nProto-Italic *fermos\nLatin firmus",
      "name": "etymon"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "itc-pro",
        "3": "*fermos"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Italic *fermos",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "",
        "4": "*dʰer-mo-s",
        "5": "holding"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dʰer-mo-s (“holding”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "धर्म"
      },
      "expansion": "Sanskrit धर्म (dharma)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "धरति",
        "tr": "dhárati"
      },
      "expansion": "Sanskrit धरति (dhárati)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "peo",
        "2": "𐎭𐎠𐎼𐎹𐎫𐎡𐎹",
        "ts": "dārayatiy"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Persian 𐎭𐎠𐎼𐎹𐎫𐎡𐎹 (d-a-r-y-t-i-y /⁠dārayatiy⁠/)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fa",
        "2": "داشتن",
        "3": "",
        "4": "have, hold"
      },
      "expansion": "Persian داشتن (“have, hold”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "derė́ti"
      },
      "expansion": "Lithuanian derė́ti",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "держа́ть"
      },
      "expansion": "Russian держа́ть (deržátʹ)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *dʰer-\nProto-Indo-European *-mos\nProto-Indo-European *dʰermos\nProto-Italic *θermos\nProto-Italic *fermos\nLatin firmus\nFrom Proto-Italic *fermos, from earlier *θermos, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰer-mo-s (“holding”) (whence also Sanskrit धर्म (dharma)), from the root *dʰer- (“to hold”) (whence also ferē and fermē).\nCognate with Sanskrit धरति (dhárati), Old Persian 𐎭𐎠𐎼𐎹𐎫𐎡𐎹 (d-a-r-y-t-i-y /⁠dārayatiy⁠/), Persian داشتن (“have, hold”), Lithuanian derė́ti, Russian держа́ть (deržátʹ).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "firma",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "firmum",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "firmior",
      "tags": [
        "comparative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "firmissimus",
      "tags": [
        "superlative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "firmiter",
      "tags": [
        "adverb"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "la-adecl",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "firmus",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "firma",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "firmum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "firmī",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "firmae",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "firma",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "firmī",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "firmae",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "firmī",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "firmōrum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "firmārum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "firmōrum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "firmō",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "firmae",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "firmō",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "firmīs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "masculine",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "firmum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "firmam",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "firmum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "firmōs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "firmās",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "firma",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "firmō",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "firmā",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "firmō",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "firmīs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "feminine",
        "masculine",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "firme",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "firma",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "firmum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "firmī",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "firmae",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "firma",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "firmis",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "firmus",
        "adv": "firmiter",
        "comp": "firmior",
        "sup": "firmissimus"
      },
      "expansion": "firmus (feminine firma, neuter firmum, comparative firmior, superlative firmissimus, adverb firmiter); first/second-declension adjective",
      "name": "la-adj"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "firmus"
      },
      "name": "la-adecl"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Latin",
  "lang_code": "la",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "antonyms": [
        {
          "word": "dēbilis"
        },
        {
          "word": "languidus"
        },
        {
          "word": "aeger"
        },
        {
          "word": "fractus"
        },
        {
          "word": "tenuis"
        },
        {
          "word": "obnoxius"
        },
        {
          "word": "inops"
        }
      ],
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "68 0 32",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latin entries with etymology trees",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "46 8 46",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "70 0 30",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "45 0 55",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "51 0 49",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "56 0 44",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with etymology trees",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "strong, powerful"
      ],
      "id": "en-firmus-la-adj-32xCh9bM",
      "links": [
        [
          "strong",
          "strong"
        ],
        [
          "powerful",
          "powerful"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "praevalēns"
        },
        {
          "word": "validus"
        },
        {
          "word": "fortis"
        },
        {
          "word": "potis"
        },
        {
          "word": "potēns"
        },
        {
          "word": "strēnuus"
        },
        {
          "word": "ingēns"
        },
        {
          "word": "compos"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "adjective",
        "declension-1",
        "declension-2"
      ]
    },
    {
      "antonyms": [
        {
          "word": "īnfirmus"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "stable, firm"
      ],
      "id": "en-firmus-la-adj-58T9vYwQ",
      "links": [
        [
          "stable",
          "stable"
        ],
        [
          "firm",
          "firm"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "dūrus"
        },
        {
          "word": "rōbustus"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "adjective",
        "declension-1",
        "declension-2"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "46 8 46",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "45 0 55",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "51 0 49",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "faithful, steadfast, true"
      ],
      "id": "en-firmus-la-adj-jFR139~e",
      "links": [
        [
          "faithful",
          "faithful"
        ],
        [
          "steadfast",
          "steadfast"
        ],
        [
          "true",
          "true"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "adjective",
        "declension-1",
        "declension-2"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈfɪr.mʊs]",
      "tags": [
        "Classical-Latin"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈfir.mus]",
      "note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
    }
  ],
  "word": "firmus"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Latin 2-syllable words",
    "Latin adjectives",
    "Latin entries with etymology trees",
    "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
    "Latin first and second declension adjectives",
    "Latin lemmas",
    "Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Latin terms derived from Proto-Italic",
    "Latin terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *dʰer-",
    "Latin terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Latin terms inherited from Proto-Italic",
    "Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Pages using etymon with no ID",
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Pages with etymology trees",
    "Pages with inline etymon for redlinks"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "firmāmen"
    },
    {
      "word": "firmāmentum"
    },
    {
      "word": "firmātor"
    },
    {
      "word": "firmē"
    },
    {
      "word": "firmitās"
    },
    {
      "word": "firmiter"
    },
    {
      "word": "firmitūdō"
    },
    {
      "word": "Firmius"
    },
    {
      "word": "firmō"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "lang": "Catalan",
      "lang_code": "ca",
      "word": "ferm"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Corsican",
      "lang_code": "co",
      "word": "fermu"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Dalmatian",
      "lang_code": "dlm",
      "word": "farm"
    },
    {
      "lang": "English",
      "lang_code": "en",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "word": "firm"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Esperanto",
      "lang_code": "eo",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "word": "firmo"
    },
    {
      "lang": "French",
      "lang_code": "fr",
      "word": "ferme"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Friulian",
      "lang_code": "fur",
      "word": "fêr"
    },
    {
      "lang": "German",
      "lang_code": "de",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "word": "firm"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Italian",
      "lang_code": "it",
      "word": "fermo"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Occitan",
      "lang_code": "oc",
      "word": "ferm"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "lang_code": "pt",
      "word": "firme"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Romanian",
      "lang_code": "ro",
      "word": "ferm"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Sardinian",
      "lang_code": "sc",
      "word": "fírmu"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Sicilian",
      "lang_code": "scn",
      "word": "fermu"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "lang_code": "es",
      "word": "firme"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": ":inh",
        "3": "itc-pro:*fermos<ety:from<itc-pro:*θermos<ety:inh<ine-pro:*dʰermos<ety:af<ine-pro:*dʰer-><ine-pro:*-mos>>>>>>",
        "id": "strong",
        "tree": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *dʰer-\nProto-Indo-European *-mos\nProto-Indo-European *dʰermos\nProto-Italic *θermos\nProto-Italic *fermos\nLatin firmus",
      "name": "etymon"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "itc-pro",
        "3": "*fermos"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Italic *fermos",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "",
        "4": "*dʰer-mo-s",
        "5": "holding"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dʰer-mo-s (“holding”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "धर्म"
      },
      "expansion": "Sanskrit धर्म (dharma)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "धरति",
        "tr": "dhárati"
      },
      "expansion": "Sanskrit धरति (dhárati)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "peo",
        "2": "𐎭𐎠𐎼𐎹𐎫𐎡𐎹",
        "ts": "dārayatiy"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Persian 𐎭𐎠𐎼𐎹𐎫𐎡𐎹 (d-a-r-y-t-i-y /⁠dārayatiy⁠/)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fa",
        "2": "داشتن",
        "3": "",
        "4": "have, hold"
      },
      "expansion": "Persian داشتن (“have, hold”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "derė́ti"
      },
      "expansion": "Lithuanian derė́ti",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "держа́ть"
      },
      "expansion": "Russian держа́ть (deržátʹ)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *dʰer-\nProto-Indo-European *-mos\nProto-Indo-European *dʰermos\nProto-Italic *θermos\nProto-Italic *fermos\nLatin firmus\nFrom Proto-Italic *fermos, from earlier *θermos, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰer-mo-s (“holding”) (whence also Sanskrit धर्म (dharma)), from the root *dʰer- (“to hold”) (whence also ferē and fermē).\nCognate with Sanskrit धरति (dhárati), Old Persian 𐎭𐎠𐎼𐎹𐎫𐎡𐎹 (d-a-r-y-t-i-y /⁠dārayatiy⁠/), Persian داشتن (“have, hold”), Lithuanian derė́ti, Russian держа́ть (deržátʹ).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "firma",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "firmum",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "firmior",
      "tags": [
        "comparative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "firmissimus",
      "tags": [
        "superlative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "firmiter",
      "tags": [
        "adverb"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "la-adecl",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "firmus",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "firma",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "firmum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "firmī",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "firmae",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "firma",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "firmī",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "firmae",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "firmī",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "firmōrum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "firmārum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "firmōrum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "firmō",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "firmae",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "firmō",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "firmīs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "masculine",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "firmum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "firmam",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "firmum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "firmōs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "firmās",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "firma",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "firmō",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "firmā",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "firmō",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "firmīs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "feminine",
        "masculine",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "firme",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "firma",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "firmum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "firmī",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "firmae",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "firma",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "firmis",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "firmus",
        "adv": "firmiter",
        "comp": "firmior",
        "sup": "firmissimus"
      },
      "expansion": "firmus (feminine firma, neuter firmum, comparative firmior, superlative firmissimus, adverb firmiter); first/second-declension adjective",
      "name": "la-adj"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "firmus"
      },
      "name": "la-adecl"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Latin",
  "lang_code": "la",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "antonyms": [
        {
          "word": "dēbilis"
        },
        {
          "word": "languidus"
        },
        {
          "word": "aeger"
        },
        {
          "word": "fractus"
        },
        {
          "word": "tenuis"
        },
        {
          "word": "obnoxius"
        },
        {
          "word": "inops"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "strong, powerful"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "strong",
          "strong"
        ],
        [
          "powerful",
          "powerful"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "praevalēns"
        },
        {
          "word": "validus"
        },
        {
          "word": "fortis"
        },
        {
          "word": "potis"
        },
        {
          "word": "potēns"
        },
        {
          "word": "strēnuus"
        },
        {
          "word": "ingēns"
        },
        {
          "word": "compos"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "adjective",
        "declension-1",
        "declension-2"
      ]
    },
    {
      "antonyms": [
        {
          "word": "īnfirmus"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "stable, firm"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "stable",
          "stable"
        ],
        [
          "firm",
          "firm"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "dūrus"
        },
        {
          "word": "rōbustus"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "adjective",
        "declension-1",
        "declension-2"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "faithful, steadfast, true"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "faithful",
          "faithful"
        ],
        [
          "steadfast",
          "steadfast"
        ],
        [
          "true",
          "true"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "adjective",
        "declension-1",
        "declension-2"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈfɪr.mʊs]",
      "tags": [
        "Classical-Latin"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈfir.mus]",
      "note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
    }
  ],
  "word": "firmus"
}

Download raw JSONL data for firmus meaning in Latin (8.5kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Latin dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-01-19 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-01-01 using wiktextract (d1270d2 and 9905b1f). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.