"firmus" meaning in Latin

See firmus in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Adjective

IPA: /ˈfir.mus/ [Classical], [ˈfɪrmʊs̠] [Classical], /ˈfir.mus/ (note: modern Italianate Ecclesiastical), [ˈfirmus] (note: modern Italianate Ecclesiastical)
Etymology: From Proto-Italic *fermos, from earlier *θermos, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰer-mo-s (“holding”) (whence also Sanskrit धर्म (dharma)), from the root *dʰer- (“to hold”) (whence also ferē and fermē). Cognate with Sanskrit धरति (dhárati), Old Persian 𐎭𐎠𐎼𐎹𐎫𐎡𐎹 (d-a-r-y-t-i-y /⁠dārayatiy⁠/), Persian داشتن (“have, hold”), Lithuanian derė́ti, Russian держа́ть (deržátʹ). Etymology templates: {{root|la|ine-pro|*dʰer-}}, {{inh|la|itc-pro|*fermos}} Proto-Italic *fermos, {{inh|la|ine-pro||*dʰer-mo-s|holding}} Proto-Indo-European *dʰer-mo-s (“holding”), {{cog|sa|धर्म}} Sanskrit धर्म (dharma), {{m|ine-pro|*dʰer-||to hold}} *dʰer- (“to hold”), {{m|la|ferē}} ferē, {{m|la|fermē}} fermē, {{cog|sa|धरति|tr=dhárati}} Sanskrit धरति (dhárati), {{cog|peo|𐎭𐎠𐎼𐎹𐎫𐎡𐎹|ts=dārayatiy}} Old Persian 𐎭𐎠𐎼𐎹𐎫𐎡𐎹 (d-a-r-y-t-i-y /⁠dārayatiy⁠/), {{cog|fa|داشتن||have, hold}} Persian داشتن (“have, hold”), {{cog|lt|derė́ti}} Lithuanian derė́ti, {{cog|ru|держа́ть}} Russian держа́ть (deržátʹ) Head templates: {{la-adj|firmus|adv=firmiter|comp=firmior|sup=firmissimus}} firmus (feminine firma, neuter firmum, comparative firmior, superlative firmissimus, adverb firmiter); first/second-declension adjective Inflection templates: {{la-adecl|firmus}} Forms: firma [feminine], firmum [neuter], firmior [comparative], firmissimus [superlative], firmiter [adverb], no-table-tags [table-tags], firmus [masculine, nominative, singular], firma [feminine, nominative, singular], firmum [neuter, nominative, singular], firmī [masculine, nominative, plural], firmae [feminine, nominative, plural], firma [neuter, nominative, plural], firmī [genitive, masculine, singular], firmae [feminine, genitive, singular], firmī [genitive, neuter, singular], firmōrum [genitive, masculine, plural], firmārum [feminine, genitive, plural], firmōrum [genitive, neuter, plural], firmō [dative, masculine, singular], firmae [dative, feminine, singular], firmō [dative, neuter, singular], firmīs [dative, feminine, masculine, neuter, plural], firmum [accusative, masculine, singular], firmam [accusative, feminine, singular], firmum [accusative, neuter, singular], firmōs [accusative, masculine, plural], firmās [accusative, feminine, plural], firma [accusative, neuter, plural], firmō [ablative, masculine, singular], firmā [ablative, feminine, singular], firmō [ablative, neuter, singular], firmīs [ablative, feminine, masculine, neuter, plural], firme [masculine, singular, vocative], firma [feminine, singular, vocative], firmum [neuter, singular, vocative], firmī [masculine, plural, vocative], firmae [feminine, plural, vocative], firma [neuter, plural, vocative]
  1. strong, powerful Tags: adjective, declension-1, declension-2 Synonyms: praevalēns, validus, fortis, potis, potēns, strēnuus, ingēns, compos
    Sense id: en-firmus-la-adj-32xCh9bM
  2. stable, firm Tags: adjective, declension-1, declension-2 Synonyms: dūrus, rōbustus
    Sense id: en-firmus-la-adj-58T9vYwQ Categories (other): Latin entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Latin entries with incorrect language header: 16 71 13
  3. faithful, steadfast, true Tags: adjective, declension-1, declension-2
    Sense id: en-firmus-la-adj-jFR139~e
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: firmis (english: late) Derived forms: firmāmen, firmāmentum, firmātor, firmē, firmitās, firmiter, firmitūdō, Firmius, firmō

Inflected forms

Alternative forms

Download JSON data for firmus meaning in Latin (9.5kB)

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "firmāmen"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "firmāmentum"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "firmātor"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "firmē"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "firmitās"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "firmiter"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "firmitūdō"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "Firmius"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "firmō"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ca",
            "2": "ferm"
          },
          "expansion": "Catalan: ferm",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Catalan: ferm"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "co",
            "2": "fermu"
          },
          "expansion": "Corsican: fermu",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Corsican: fermu"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "dlm",
            "2": "farm"
          },
          "expansion": "Dalmatian: farm",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Dalmatian: farm"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "firm",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ English: firm",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ English: firm"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "eo",
            "2": "firmo",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Esperanto: firmo",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Esperanto: firmo"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fr",
            "2": "ferme"
          },
          "expansion": "French: ferme",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "French: ferme"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fur",
            "2": "fêr"
          },
          "expansion": "Friulian: fêr",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Friulian: fêr"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "de",
            "2": "firm",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ German: firm",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ German: firm"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "it",
            "2": "fermo"
          },
          "expansion": "Italian: fermo",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Italian: fermo"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "oc",
            "2": "ferm"
          },
          "expansion": "Occitan: ferm",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Occitan: ferm"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pt",
            "2": "firme"
          },
          "expansion": "Portuguese: firme",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Portuguese: firme"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ro",
            "2": "ferm"
          },
          "expansion": "Romanian: ferm",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Romanian: ferm"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sc",
            "2": "fírmu"
          },
          "expansion": "Sardinian: fírmu",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Sardinian: fírmu"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "scn",
            "2": "fermu"
          },
          "expansion": "Sicilian: fermu",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Sicilian: fermu"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "es",
            "2": "firme"
          },
          "expansion": "Spanish: firme",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Spanish: firme"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*dʰer-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "itc-pro",
        "3": "*fermos"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Italic *fermos",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "",
        "4": "*dʰer-mo-s",
        "5": "holding"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dʰer-mo-s (“holding”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "धर्म"
      },
      "expansion": "Sanskrit धर्म (dharma)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*dʰer-",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to hold"
      },
      "expansion": "*dʰer- (“to hold”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "ferē"
      },
      "expansion": "ferē",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "fermē"
      },
      "expansion": "fermē",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "धरति",
        "tr": "dhárati"
      },
      "expansion": "Sanskrit धरति (dhárati)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "peo",
        "2": "𐎭𐎠𐎼𐎹𐎫𐎡𐎹",
        "ts": "dārayatiy"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Persian 𐎭𐎠𐎼𐎹𐎫𐎡𐎹 (d-a-r-y-t-i-y /⁠dārayatiy⁠/)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fa",
        "2": "داشتن",
        "3": "",
        "4": "have, hold"
      },
      "expansion": "Persian داشتن (“have, hold”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "derė́ti"
      },
      "expansion": "Lithuanian derė́ti",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "держа́ть"
      },
      "expansion": "Russian держа́ть (deržátʹ)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Italic *fermos, from earlier *θermos, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰer-mo-s (“holding”) (whence also Sanskrit धर्म (dharma)), from the root *dʰer- (“to hold”) (whence also ferē and fermē).\nCognate with Sanskrit धरति (dhárati), Old Persian 𐎭𐎠𐎼𐎹𐎫𐎡𐎹 (d-a-r-y-t-i-y /⁠dārayatiy⁠/), Persian داشتن (“have, hold”), Lithuanian derė́ti, Russian держа́ть (deržátʹ).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "firma",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "firmum",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "firmior",
      "tags": [
        "comparative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "firmissimus",
      "tags": [
        "superlative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "firmiter",
      "tags": [
        "adverb"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "la-adecl",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "firmus",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "firma",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "firmum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "firmī",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "firmae",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "firma",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "firmī",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "firmae",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "firmī",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "firmōrum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "firmārum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "firmōrum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "firmō",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "firmae",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "firmō",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "firmīs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "masculine",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "firmum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "firmam",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "firmum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "firmōs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "firmās",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "firma",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "firmō",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "firmā",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "firmō",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "firmīs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "feminine",
        "masculine",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "firme",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "firma",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "firmum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "firmī",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "firmae",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "firma",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "firmus",
        "adv": "firmiter",
        "comp": "firmior",
        "sup": "firmissimus"
      },
      "expansion": "firmus (feminine firma, neuter firmum, comparative firmior, superlative firmissimus, adverb firmiter); first/second-declension adjective",
      "name": "la-adj"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "firmus"
      },
      "name": "la-adecl"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Latin",
  "lang_code": "la",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "antonyms": [
        {
          "word": "dēbilis"
        },
        {
          "word": "languidus"
        },
        {
          "word": "aeger"
        },
        {
          "word": "fractus"
        },
        {
          "word": "tenuis"
        },
        {
          "word": "obnoxius"
        },
        {
          "word": "inops"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "strong, powerful"
      ],
      "id": "en-firmus-la-adj-32xCh9bM",
      "links": [
        [
          "strong",
          "strong"
        ],
        [
          "powerful",
          "powerful"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "praevalēns"
        },
        {
          "word": "validus"
        },
        {
          "word": "fortis"
        },
        {
          "word": "potis"
        },
        {
          "word": "potēns"
        },
        {
          "word": "strēnuus"
        },
        {
          "word": "ingēns"
        },
        {
          "word": "compos"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "adjective",
        "declension-1",
        "declension-2"
      ]
    },
    {
      "antonyms": [
        {
          "word": "īnfirmus"
        }
      ],
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "16 71 13",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "stable, firm"
      ],
      "id": "en-firmus-la-adj-58T9vYwQ",
      "links": [
        [
          "stable",
          "stable"
        ],
        [
          "firm",
          "firm"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "dūrus"
        },
        {
          "word": "rōbustus"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "adjective",
        "declension-1",
        "declension-2"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "faithful, steadfast, true"
      ],
      "id": "en-firmus-la-adj-jFR139~e",
      "links": [
        [
          "faithful",
          "faithful"
        ],
        [
          "steadfast",
          "steadfast"
        ],
        [
          "true",
          "true"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "adjective",
        "declension-1",
        "declension-2"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈfir.mus/",
      "tags": [
        "Classical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈfɪrmʊs̠]",
      "tags": [
        "Classical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈfir.mus/",
      "note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈfirmus]",
      "note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "english": "late",
      "word": "firmis"
    }
  ],
  "word": "firmus"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Latin 2-syllable words",
    "Latin adjectives",
    "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
    "Latin first and second declension adjectives",
    "Latin lemmas",
    "Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Latin terms derived from Proto-Italic",
    "Latin terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *dʰer-",
    "Latin terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Latin terms inherited from Proto-Italic",
    "Latin terms with IPA pronunciation"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "firmāmen"
    },
    {
      "word": "firmāmentum"
    },
    {
      "word": "firmātor"
    },
    {
      "word": "firmē"
    },
    {
      "word": "firmitās"
    },
    {
      "word": "firmiter"
    },
    {
      "word": "firmitūdō"
    },
    {
      "word": "Firmius"
    },
    {
      "word": "firmō"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ca",
            "2": "ferm"
          },
          "expansion": "Catalan: ferm",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Catalan: ferm"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "co",
            "2": "fermu"
          },
          "expansion": "Corsican: fermu",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Corsican: fermu"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "dlm",
            "2": "farm"
          },
          "expansion": "Dalmatian: farm",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Dalmatian: farm"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "firm",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ English: firm",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ English: firm"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "eo",
            "2": "firmo",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Esperanto: firmo",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Esperanto: firmo"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fr",
            "2": "ferme"
          },
          "expansion": "French: ferme",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "French: ferme"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fur",
            "2": "fêr"
          },
          "expansion": "Friulian: fêr",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Friulian: fêr"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "de",
            "2": "firm",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ German: firm",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ German: firm"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "it",
            "2": "fermo"
          },
          "expansion": "Italian: fermo",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Italian: fermo"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "oc",
            "2": "ferm"
          },
          "expansion": "Occitan: ferm",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Occitan: ferm"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pt",
            "2": "firme"
          },
          "expansion": "Portuguese: firme",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Portuguese: firme"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ro",
            "2": "ferm"
          },
          "expansion": "Romanian: ferm",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Romanian: ferm"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sc",
            "2": "fírmu"
          },
          "expansion": "Sardinian: fírmu",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Sardinian: fírmu"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "scn",
            "2": "fermu"
          },
          "expansion": "Sicilian: fermu",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Sicilian: fermu"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "es",
            "2": "firme"
          },
          "expansion": "Spanish: firme",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Spanish: firme"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*dʰer-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "itc-pro",
        "3": "*fermos"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Italic *fermos",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "",
        "4": "*dʰer-mo-s",
        "5": "holding"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dʰer-mo-s (“holding”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "धर्म"
      },
      "expansion": "Sanskrit धर्म (dharma)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*dʰer-",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to hold"
      },
      "expansion": "*dʰer- (“to hold”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "ferē"
      },
      "expansion": "ferē",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "fermē"
      },
      "expansion": "fermē",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "धरति",
        "tr": "dhárati"
      },
      "expansion": "Sanskrit धरति (dhárati)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "peo",
        "2": "𐎭𐎠𐎼𐎹𐎫𐎡𐎹",
        "ts": "dārayatiy"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Persian 𐎭𐎠𐎼𐎹𐎫𐎡𐎹 (d-a-r-y-t-i-y /⁠dārayatiy⁠/)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fa",
        "2": "داشتن",
        "3": "",
        "4": "have, hold"
      },
      "expansion": "Persian داشتن (“have, hold”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "derė́ti"
      },
      "expansion": "Lithuanian derė́ti",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "держа́ть"
      },
      "expansion": "Russian держа́ть (deržátʹ)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Italic *fermos, from earlier *θermos, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰer-mo-s (“holding”) (whence also Sanskrit धर्म (dharma)), from the root *dʰer- (“to hold”) (whence also ferē and fermē).\nCognate with Sanskrit धरति (dhárati), Old Persian 𐎭𐎠𐎼𐎹𐎫𐎡𐎹 (d-a-r-y-t-i-y /⁠dārayatiy⁠/), Persian داشتن (“have, hold”), Lithuanian derė́ti, Russian держа́ть (deržátʹ).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "firma",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "firmum",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "firmior",
      "tags": [
        "comparative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "firmissimus",
      "tags": [
        "superlative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "firmiter",
      "tags": [
        "adverb"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "la-adecl",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "firmus",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "firma",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "firmum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "firmī",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "firmae",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "firma",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "firmī",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "firmae",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "firmī",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "firmōrum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "firmārum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "firmōrum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "firmō",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "firmae",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "firmō",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "firmīs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "masculine",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "firmum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "firmam",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "firmum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "firmōs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "firmās",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "firma",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "firmō",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "firmā",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "firmō",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "firmīs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "feminine",
        "masculine",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "firme",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "firma",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "firmum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "firmī",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "firmae",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "firma",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "firmus",
        "adv": "firmiter",
        "comp": "firmior",
        "sup": "firmissimus"
      },
      "expansion": "firmus (feminine firma, neuter firmum, comparative firmior, superlative firmissimus, adverb firmiter); first/second-declension adjective",
      "name": "la-adj"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "firmus"
      },
      "name": "la-adecl"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Latin",
  "lang_code": "la",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "antonyms": [
        {
          "word": "dēbilis"
        },
        {
          "word": "languidus"
        },
        {
          "word": "aeger"
        },
        {
          "word": "fractus"
        },
        {
          "word": "tenuis"
        },
        {
          "word": "obnoxius"
        },
        {
          "word": "inops"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "strong, powerful"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "strong",
          "strong"
        ],
        [
          "powerful",
          "powerful"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "praevalēns"
        },
        {
          "word": "validus"
        },
        {
          "word": "fortis"
        },
        {
          "word": "potis"
        },
        {
          "word": "potēns"
        },
        {
          "word": "strēnuus"
        },
        {
          "word": "ingēns"
        },
        {
          "word": "compos"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "adjective",
        "declension-1",
        "declension-2"
      ]
    },
    {
      "antonyms": [
        {
          "word": "īnfirmus"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "stable, firm"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "stable",
          "stable"
        ],
        [
          "firm",
          "firm"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "dūrus"
        },
        {
          "word": "rōbustus"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "adjective",
        "declension-1",
        "declension-2"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "faithful, steadfast, true"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "faithful",
          "faithful"
        ],
        [
          "steadfast",
          "steadfast"
        ],
        [
          "true",
          "true"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "adjective",
        "declension-1",
        "declension-2"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈfir.mus/",
      "tags": [
        "Classical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈfɪrmʊs̠]",
      "tags": [
        "Classical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈfir.mus/",
      "note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈfirmus]",
      "note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "english": "late",
      "word": "firmis"
    }
  ],
  "word": "firmus"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Latin dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-30 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (210104c and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.