See 辛い in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "karakuchi",
"ruby": [
[
"辛口",
"からくち"
]
],
"word": "辛口"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "karatō",
"ruby": [
[
"辛党",
"からとう"
]
],
"word": "辛党"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "karami",
"ruby": [
[
"辛味",
"からみ"
]
],
"word": "辛味"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "gekikara",
"ruby": [
[
"激辛",
"げきから"
]
],
"word": "激辛"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "chūkara",
"ruby": [
[
"中辛",
"ちゅうから"
]
],
"word": "中辛"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "pirikara",
"ruby": [
[
"辛",
"から"
]
],
"word": "ピリ辛"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ojp",
"3": "-",
"sort": "からい"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"nodots": "1"
},
"expansion": "CE",
"name": "C.E."
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "CE",
"name": "CE"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "jpx-pro",
"3": "*kara"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Japonic *kara",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Japanese. First attested in the Nihon Shoki of 720 CE. From Proto-Japonic *kara.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "辛い",
"ruby": [
[
"辛",
"から"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "karai",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "辛く",
"roman": "karaku",
"ruby": [
[
"辛",
"から"
]
],
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-i",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "辛かろ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "からかろ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "karakaro",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
]
},
{
"form": "辛く",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "からく",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "karaku",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative"
]
},
{
"form": "辛い",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "からい",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "karai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "辛い",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "からい",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "karai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive"
]
},
{
"form": "辛けれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"hypothetical",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "からけれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"hypothetical",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "karakere",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "辛かれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "からかれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "karakare",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "辛くない",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "からくない",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "karaku nai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "辛かった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "からかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "karakatta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "辛くなかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "からくなかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "karaku nakatta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "辛いです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "からいです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "karai desu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "辛くないです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "からくないです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "karaku nai desu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "辛かったです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "からかったです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "karakatta desu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "辛くなかったです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "からくなかったです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "karaku nakatta desu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "辛くて",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "からくて",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "karakute",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "辛ければ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "からければ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "karakereba",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "辛かったら",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "からかったら",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "karakattara",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "辛かろう",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "からかろう",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "karakarō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "辛く",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "からく",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "karaku",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "辛さ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-adj"
]
},
{
"form": "からさ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-adj"
]
},
{
"form": "karasa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-adj"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "からい",
"infl": "i"
},
"expansion": "辛(から)い • (karai) -i (adverbial 辛(から)く (karaku))",
"name": "ja-adj"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"adverbial": "く",
"attributive": "い",
"conditional": "ければ",
"conjunctive": "くて",
"continuative": "く",
"degree": "さ",
"formal": "い です",
"formal_negative": "く ない です",
"formal_negative_past": "く なかった です",
"formal_past": "かった です",
"hypothetical": "けれ",
"imperative": "かれ",
"imperfective": "かろ",
"informal_negative": "く ない",
"informal_negative_past": "く なかった",
"informal_past": "かった",
"kana": "から",
"lemma": "辛",
"provisional": "かったら",
"terminal": "い",
"volitional": "かろう"
},
"name": "ja-adj-infl"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "amai",
"ruby": [
[
"甘",
"あま"
]
],
"word": "甘い"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "suppai",
"ruby": [
[
"酸",
"す"
]
],
"word": "酸っぱい"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "shoppai",
"ruby": [
[
"塩",
"しょ"
]
],
"word": "塩っぱい"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "nigai",
"ruby": [
[
"苦",
"にが"
]
],
"word": "苦い"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "umami",
"ruby": [
[
"旨味",
"うまみ"
]
],
"word": "旨味"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"spicy hot"
],
"id": "en-辛い-ja-adj-6zyMtnoY",
"links": [
[
"spicy",
"spicy"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "スパイシー"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"salty"
],
"id": "en-辛い-ja-adj-Ajd0ImXq",
"links": [
[
"salty",
"salty"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "塩辛い"
},
{
"word": "しょっぱい"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"bitter, not sweet"
],
"id": "en-辛い-ja-adj-xJj3c91S",
"links": [
[
"bitter",
"bitter"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(of alcohol) bitter, not sweet"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of alcohol"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "2 18 4 61 8 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 5 4 75 9 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with manual fragments",
"parents": [
"Links with manual fragments",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 6 4 81 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 6 4 77 7 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 7 7 67 0 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with 1 kanji",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 11 8 59 9 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 6 8 72 7 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 5 4 82 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant script codes",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 6 4 88",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 31 4 51 6 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with rendaku",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 13 6 59 10 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 3 4 86 0 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"harsh"
],
"id": "en-辛い-ja-adj-vYePoik9",
"links": [
[
"harsh",
"harsh"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "からい"
},
{
"ipa": "[ka̠ɾa̠i]"
},
{
"other": "[káꜜràì]",
"tags": [
"Kyoto"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Nihon Kokugo Daijiten",
"Nihon Shoki"
],
"word": "辛い"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ojp",
"3": "-",
"sort": "つらい"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"nodots": "1"
},
"expansion": "CE",
"name": "C.E."
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "CE",
"name": "CE"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Japanese. First attested in the Nihon Shoki of 720 CE.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "辛い",
"ruby": [
[
"辛",
"つら"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "tsurai",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "辛く",
"roman": "tsuraku",
"ruby": [
[
"辛",
"つら"
]
],
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-i",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "辛かろ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "つらかろ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "tsurakaro",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
]
},
{
"form": "辛く",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "つらく",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "tsuraku",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative"
]
},
{
"form": "辛い",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "つらい",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "tsurai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "辛い",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "つらい",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "tsurai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive"
]
},
{
"form": "辛けれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"hypothetical",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "つらけれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"hypothetical",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "tsurakere",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "辛かれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "つらかれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "tsurakare",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "辛くない",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "つらくない",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "tsuraku nai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "辛かった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "つらかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "tsurakatta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "辛くなかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "つらくなかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "tsuraku nakatta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "辛いです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "つらいです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "tsurai desu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "辛くないです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "つらくないです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "tsuraku nai desu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "辛かったです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "つらかったです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "tsurakatta desu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "辛くなかったです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "つらくなかったです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "tsuraku nakatta desu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "辛くて",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "つらくて",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "tsurakute",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "辛ければ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "つらければ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "tsurakereba",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "辛かったら",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "つらかったら",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "tsurakattara",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "辛かろう",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "つらかろう",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "tsurakarō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "辛く",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "つらく",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "tsuraku",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "辛さ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-adj"
]
},
{
"form": "つらさ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-adj"
]
},
{
"form": "tsurasa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-adj"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "つらい",
"infl": "i"
},
"expansion": "辛(つら)い • (tsurai) -i (adverbial 辛(つら)く (tsuraku))",
"name": "ja-adj"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"adverbial": "く",
"attributive": "い",
"conditional": "ければ",
"conjunctive": "くて",
"continuative": "く",
"degree": "さ",
"formal": "い です",
"formal_negative": "く ない です",
"formal_negative_past": "く なかった です",
"formal_past": "かった です",
"hypothetical": "けれ",
"imperative": "かれ",
"imperfective": "かろ",
"informal_negative": "く ない",
"informal_negative_past": "く なかった",
"informal_past": "かった",
"kana": "つら",
"lemma": "辛",
"provisional": "かったら",
"terminal": "い",
"volitional": "かろう"
},
"name": "ja-adj-infl"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"painful"
],
"id": "en-辛い-ja-adj-X18lPiHr",
"links": [
[
"painful",
"painful"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "つらい"
},
{
"ipa": "[t͡sɨɾa̠i]"
},
{
"other": "[tsúꜜràì]",
"tags": [
"Kyoto"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Nihon Kokugo Daijiten",
"Nihon Shoki"
],
"word": "辛い"
}
{
"antonyms": [
{
"roman": "-yasui",
"ruby": [
[
"易",
"やす"
]
],
"word": "易い"
}
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "辛い"
},
"expansion": "からい",
"name": "sortkey"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tsurai",
"2": "zurai"
},
"expansion": "The tsurai changes to zurai as an instance of rendaku (連濁).",
"name": "rendaku2"
}
],
"etymology_text": "The tsurai changes to zurai as an instance of rendaku (連濁).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "辛い",
"ruby": [
[
"辛",
"づら"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "-zurai",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "辛く",
"roman": "-zuraku",
"ruby": [
[
"辛",
"づら"
]
],
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-i",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "辛かろ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "づらかろ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "-zurakaro",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
]
},
{
"form": "辛く",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "づらく",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "-zuraku",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative"
]
},
{
"form": "辛い",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "づらい",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "-zurai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "辛い",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "づらい",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "-zurai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive"
]
},
{
"form": "辛けれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"hypothetical",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "づらけれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"hypothetical",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "-zurakere",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "辛かれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "づらかれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "-zurakare",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "辛くない",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "づらくない",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "-zuraku nai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "辛かった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "づらかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "-zurakatta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "辛くなかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "づらくなかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "-zuraku nakatta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "辛いです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "づらいです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "-zurai desu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "辛くないです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "づらくないです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "-zuraku nai desu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "辛かったです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "づらかったです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "-zurakatta desu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "辛くなかったです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "づらくなかったです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "-zuraku nakatta desu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "辛くて",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "づらくて",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-zurakute",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "辛ければ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "づらければ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "-zurakereba",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "辛かったら",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "づらかったら",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "-zurakattara",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "辛かろう",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "づらかろう",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "-zurakarō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "辛く",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "づらく",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "-zuraku",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "辛さ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-adj"
]
},
{
"form": "づらさ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-adj"
]
},
{
"form": "-zurasa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-adj"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "suffix",
"2": "づらい",
"type": "i"
},
"expansion": "辛(づら)い • (-zurai) -i (adverbial 辛(づら)く (-zuraku))",
"name": "ja-pos"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"adverbial": "く",
"attributive": "い",
"conditional": "ければ",
"conjunctive": "くて",
"continuative": "く",
"degree": "さ",
"formal": "い です",
"formal_negative": "く ない です",
"formal_negative_past": "く なかった です",
"formal_past": "かった です",
"hypothetical": "けれ",
"imperative": "かれ",
"imperfective": "かろ",
"informal_negative": "く ない",
"informal_negative_past": "く なかった",
"informal_past": "かった",
"kana": "-づら",
"lemma": "辛",
"provisional": "かったら",
"terminal": "い",
"volitional": "かろう"
},
"name": "ja-adj-infl"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "since the characters were uniformly small and hard to read",
"roman": "ichiyō ni moji ga chīsaku yomizurakatta tame",
"ruby": [
[
"一様",
"いちよう"
],
[
"文字",
"もじ"
],
[
"小",
"ちい"
],
[
"読",
"よ"
]
],
"text": "一様に文字が小さく読みづらかったため",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "though it's hard to tell at first sight",
"roman": "ikken shita dake ja wakarizurai ga",
"ruby": [
[
"一",
"いっ"
],
[
"見",
"けん"
],
[
"辛",
"づら"
]
],
"text": "一見しただけじゃわかり辛いが",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"difficult to, hard to"
],
"id": "en-辛い-ja-suffix-EUJYB6ru",
"links": [
[
"difficult",
"difficult"
],
[
"hard",
"hard"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "-nikui",
"ruby": [
[
"難",
"にく"
]
],
"word": "難い"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "辛い"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese adjectives",
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with manual fragments",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese suffixes",
"Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms derived from Proto-Japonic",
"Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms inherited from Proto-Japonic",
"Japanese terms spelled with secondary school kanji",
"Japanese terms with 1 kanji",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with redundant script codes",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with rendaku",
"Japanese い-i adjectives",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "karakuchi",
"ruby": [
[
"辛口",
"からくち"
]
],
"word": "辛口"
},
{
"roman": "karatō",
"ruby": [
[
"辛党",
"からとう"
]
],
"word": "辛党"
},
{
"roman": "karami",
"ruby": [
[
"辛味",
"からみ"
]
],
"word": "辛味"
},
{
"roman": "gekikara",
"ruby": [
[
"激辛",
"げきから"
]
],
"word": "激辛"
},
{
"roman": "chūkara",
"ruby": [
[
"中辛",
"ちゅうから"
]
],
"word": "中辛"
},
{
"roman": "pirikara",
"ruby": [
[
"辛",
"から"
]
],
"word": "ピリ辛"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ojp",
"3": "-",
"sort": "からい"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"nodots": "1"
},
"expansion": "CE",
"name": "C.E."
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "CE",
"name": "CE"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "jpx-pro",
"3": "*kara"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Japonic *kara",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Japanese. First attested in the Nihon Shoki of 720 CE. From Proto-Japonic *kara.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "辛い",
"ruby": [
[
"辛",
"から"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "karai",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "辛く",
"roman": "karaku",
"ruby": [
[
"辛",
"から"
]
],
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-i",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "辛かろ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "からかろ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "karakaro",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
]
},
{
"form": "辛く",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "からく",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "karaku",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative"
]
},
{
"form": "辛い",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "からい",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "karai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "辛い",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "からい",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "karai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive"
]
},
{
"form": "辛けれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"hypothetical",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "からけれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"hypothetical",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "karakere",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "辛かれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "からかれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "karakare",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "辛くない",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "からくない",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "karaku nai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "辛かった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "からかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "karakatta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "辛くなかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "からくなかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "karaku nakatta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "辛いです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "からいです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "karai desu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "辛くないです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "からくないです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "karaku nai desu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "辛かったです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "からかったです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "karakatta desu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "辛くなかったです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "からくなかったです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "karaku nakatta desu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "辛くて",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "からくて",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "karakute",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "辛ければ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "からければ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "karakereba",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "辛かったら",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "からかったら",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "karakattara",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "辛かろう",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "からかろう",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "karakarō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "辛く",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "からく",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "karaku",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "辛さ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-adj"
]
},
{
"form": "からさ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-adj"
]
},
{
"form": "karasa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-adj"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "からい",
"infl": "i"
},
"expansion": "辛(から)い • (karai) -i (adverbial 辛(から)く (karaku))",
"name": "ja-adj"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"adverbial": "く",
"attributive": "い",
"conditional": "ければ",
"conjunctive": "くて",
"continuative": "く",
"degree": "さ",
"formal": "い です",
"formal_negative": "く ない です",
"formal_negative_past": "く なかった です",
"formal_past": "かった です",
"hypothetical": "けれ",
"imperative": "かれ",
"imperfective": "かろ",
"informal_negative": "く ない",
"informal_negative_past": "く なかった",
"informal_past": "かった",
"kana": "から",
"lemma": "辛",
"provisional": "かったら",
"terminal": "い",
"volitional": "かろう"
},
"name": "ja-adj-infl"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"roman": "amai",
"ruby": [
[
"甘",
"あま"
]
],
"word": "甘い"
},
{
"roman": "suppai",
"ruby": [
[
"酸",
"す"
]
],
"word": "酸っぱい"
},
{
"roman": "shoppai",
"ruby": [
[
"塩",
"しょ"
]
],
"word": "塩っぱい"
},
{
"roman": "nigai",
"ruby": [
[
"苦",
"にが"
]
],
"word": "苦い"
},
{
"roman": "umami",
"ruby": [
[
"旨味",
"うまみ"
]
],
"word": "旨味"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"spicy hot"
],
"links": [
[
"spicy",
"spicy"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "スパイシー"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"salty"
],
"links": [
[
"salty",
"salty"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "塩辛い"
},
{
"word": "しょっぱい"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"bitter, not sweet"
],
"links": [
[
"bitter",
"bitter"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(of alcohol) bitter, not sweet"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of alcohol"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"harsh"
],
"links": [
[
"harsh",
"harsh"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "からい"
},
{
"ipa": "[ka̠ɾa̠i]"
},
{
"other": "[káꜜràì]",
"tags": [
"Kyoto"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Nihon Kokugo Daijiten",
"Nihon Shoki"
],
"word": "辛い"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese adjectives",
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with manual fragments",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese suffixes",
"Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms spelled with secondary school kanji",
"Japanese terms with 1 kanji",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with redundant script codes",
"Japanese terms with rendaku",
"Japanese い-i adjectives",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ojp",
"3": "-",
"sort": "つらい"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"nodots": "1"
},
"expansion": "CE",
"name": "C.E."
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "CE",
"name": "CE"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Japanese. First attested in the Nihon Shoki of 720 CE.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "辛い",
"ruby": [
[
"辛",
"つら"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "tsurai",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "辛く",
"roman": "tsuraku",
"ruby": [
[
"辛",
"つら"
]
],
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-i",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "辛かろ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "つらかろ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "tsurakaro",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
]
},
{
"form": "辛く",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "つらく",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "tsuraku",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative"
]
},
{
"form": "辛い",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "つらい",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "tsurai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "辛い",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "つらい",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "tsurai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive"
]
},
{
"form": "辛けれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"hypothetical",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "つらけれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"hypothetical",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "tsurakere",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "辛かれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "つらかれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "tsurakare",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "辛くない",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "つらくない",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "tsuraku nai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "辛かった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "つらかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "tsurakatta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "辛くなかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "つらくなかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "tsuraku nakatta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "辛いです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "つらいです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "tsurai desu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "辛くないです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "つらくないです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "tsuraku nai desu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "辛かったです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "つらかったです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "tsurakatta desu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "辛くなかったです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "つらくなかったです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "tsuraku nakatta desu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "辛くて",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "つらくて",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "tsurakute",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "辛ければ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "つらければ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "tsurakereba",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "辛かったら",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "つらかったら",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "tsurakattara",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "辛かろう",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "つらかろう",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "tsurakarō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "辛く",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "つらく",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "tsuraku",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "辛さ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-adj"
]
},
{
"form": "つらさ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-adj"
]
},
{
"form": "tsurasa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-adj"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "つらい",
"infl": "i"
},
"expansion": "辛(つら)い • (tsurai) -i (adverbial 辛(つら)く (tsuraku))",
"name": "ja-adj"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"adverbial": "く",
"attributive": "い",
"conditional": "ければ",
"conjunctive": "くて",
"continuative": "く",
"degree": "さ",
"formal": "い です",
"formal_negative": "く ない です",
"formal_negative_past": "く なかった です",
"formal_past": "かった です",
"hypothetical": "けれ",
"imperative": "かれ",
"imperfective": "かろ",
"informal_negative": "く ない",
"informal_negative_past": "く なかった",
"informal_past": "かった",
"kana": "つら",
"lemma": "辛",
"provisional": "かったら",
"terminal": "い",
"volitional": "かろう"
},
"name": "ja-adj-infl"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"painful"
],
"links": [
[
"painful",
"painful"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "つらい"
},
{
"ipa": "[t͡sɨɾa̠i]"
},
{
"other": "[tsúꜜràì]",
"tags": [
"Kyoto"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Nihon Kokugo Daijiten",
"Nihon Shoki"
],
"word": "辛い"
}
{
"antonyms": [
{
"roman": "-yasui",
"ruby": [
[
"易",
"やす"
]
],
"word": "易い"
}
],
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with manual fragments",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese suffixes",
"Japanese terms spelled with secondary school kanji",
"Japanese terms with 1 kanji",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with rendaku",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "辛い"
},
"expansion": "からい",
"name": "sortkey"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tsurai",
"2": "zurai"
},
"expansion": "The tsurai changes to zurai as an instance of rendaku (連濁).",
"name": "rendaku2"
}
],
"etymology_text": "The tsurai changes to zurai as an instance of rendaku (連濁).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "辛い",
"ruby": [
[
"辛",
"づら"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "-zurai",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "辛く",
"roman": "-zuraku",
"ruby": [
[
"辛",
"づら"
]
],
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-i",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "辛かろ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "づらかろ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "-zurakaro",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
]
},
{
"form": "辛く",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "づらく",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "-zuraku",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative"
]
},
{
"form": "辛い",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "づらい",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "-zurai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "辛い",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "づらい",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "-zurai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive"
]
},
{
"form": "辛けれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"hypothetical",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "づらけれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"hypothetical",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "-zurakere",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "辛かれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "づらかれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "-zurakare",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "辛くない",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "づらくない",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "-zuraku nai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "辛かった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "づらかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "-zurakatta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "辛くなかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "づらくなかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "-zuraku nakatta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "辛いです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "づらいです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "-zurai desu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "辛くないです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "づらくないです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "-zuraku nai desu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "辛かったです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "づらかったです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "-zurakatta desu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "辛くなかったです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "づらくなかったです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "-zuraku nakatta desu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "辛くて",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "づらくて",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-zurakute",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "辛ければ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "づらければ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "-zurakereba",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "辛かったら",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "づらかったら",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "-zurakattara",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "辛かろう",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "づらかろう",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "-zurakarō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "辛く",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "づらく",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "-zuraku",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "辛さ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-adj"
]
},
{
"form": "づらさ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-adj"
]
},
{
"form": "-zurasa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-adj"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "suffix",
"2": "づらい",
"type": "i"
},
"expansion": "辛(づら)い • (-zurai) -i (adverbial 辛(づら)く (-zuraku))",
"name": "ja-pos"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"adverbial": "く",
"attributive": "い",
"conditional": "ければ",
"conjunctive": "くて",
"continuative": "く",
"degree": "さ",
"formal": "い です",
"formal_negative": "く ない です",
"formal_negative_past": "く なかった です",
"formal_past": "かった です",
"hypothetical": "けれ",
"imperative": "かれ",
"imperfective": "かろ",
"informal_negative": "く ない",
"informal_negative_past": "く なかった",
"informal_past": "かった",
"kana": "-づら",
"lemma": "辛",
"provisional": "かったら",
"terminal": "い",
"volitional": "かろう"
},
"name": "ja-adj-infl"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "since the characters were uniformly small and hard to read",
"roman": "ichiyō ni moji ga chīsaku yomizurakatta tame",
"ruby": [
[
"一様",
"いちよう"
],
[
"文字",
"もじ"
],
[
"小",
"ちい"
],
[
"読",
"よ"
]
],
"text": "一様に文字が小さく読みづらかったため",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "though it's hard to tell at first sight",
"roman": "ikken shita dake ja wakarizurai ga",
"ruby": [
[
"一",
"いっ"
],
[
"見",
"けん"
],
[
"辛",
"づら"
]
],
"text": "一見しただけじゃわかり辛いが",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"difficult to, hard to"
],
"links": [
[
"difficult",
"difficult"
],
[
"hard",
"hard"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "-nikui",
"ruby": [
[
"難",
"にく"
]
],
"word": "難い"
}
],
"word": "辛い"
}
Download raw JSONL data for 辛い meaning in Japanese (22.7kB)
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"辛い"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "辛い",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"辛い"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "辛い",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"辛い"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "辛い",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Japanese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.