See 蒜 in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for 蒜 meaning in Japanese (6.5kB)
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 0 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Uncommon kanji",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"id": "en-蒜-ja-character-47DEQpj8",
"tags": [
"Hyōgai",
"kanji",
"no-gloss",
"uncommon"
]
}
],
"word": "蒜"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "匂い",
"3": "",
"4": "smell, scent",
"tr": "nioi"
},
"expansion": "匂い (nioi, “smell, scent”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "憎い",
"3": "",
"4": "hateful; bitter",
"tr": "nikui"
},
"expansion": "憎い (nikui, “hateful; bitter”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "⟨nipopi₁⟩"
},
"expansion": "⟨nipopi₁⟩",
"name": "IPAfont"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "⟨niku⟩"
},
"expansion": "⟨niku⟩",
"name": "IPAfont"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "/nipopi niku/"
},
"expansion": "/nipopi niku/",
"name": "IPAfont"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "/nipniku/"
},
"expansion": "/nipniku/",
"name": "IPAfont"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "/ninniku/"
},
"expansion": "/ninniku/",
"name": "IPAfont"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "忍辱",
"3": "",
"4": "patience, forbearance, forgiveness",
"tr": "ninniku"
},
"expansion": "忍辱 (ninniku, “patience, forbearance, forgiveness”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "euphemism"
},
"expansion": "euphemism",
"name": "glink"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Origin uncertain. There are two leading theories.\n* Deriving ultimately from some compound and shift of 匂い (nioi, “smell, scent”) + 憎い (nikui, “hateful; bitter”). Possible progression:\n:: ⟨nipopi₁⟩ + ⟨niku⟩ → */nipopi niku/ → */nipniku/ → /ninniku/\n* Deriving as a shift in meaning from Buddhist term 忍辱 (ninniku, “patience, forbearance, forgiveness”). Apparently garlic was seen as stimulating, and as such it was a forbidden food and monks would have to forbear from eating it, possibly giving rise to use of the term as a euphemism.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "蒜",
"ruby": [
[
"蒜",
"にんにく"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "蒜",
"ruby": [
[
"蒜",
"ニンニク"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "ninniku",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "にんにく",
"2": "ニンニク"
},
"expansion": "蒜(にんにく) or 蒜(ニンニク) • (ninniku)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 81 19",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "ja",
"name": "Vegetables",
"orig": "ja:Vegetables",
"parents": [
"Foods",
"Plants",
"Eating",
"Food and drink",
"Lifeforms",
"Human behaviour",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Human",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 85 15",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "ja",
"name": "Spices and herbs",
"orig": "ja:Spices and herbs",
"parents": [
"Foods",
"Eating",
"Food and drink",
"Human behaviour",
"All topics",
"Human",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "gyōjaninniku",
"ruby": [
[
"行者葫",
"ぎょうじゃにんにく"
]
],
"word": "行者葫"
},
{
"roman": "hamaninniku",
"ruby": [
[
"浜蒜",
"はまにんにく"
]
],
"word": "浜蒜"
}
],
"glosses": [
"garlic"
],
"id": "en-蒜-ja-noun-QQJAhNLi",
"links": [
[
"garlic",
"garlic"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "にんにく"
},
{
"ipa": "[ɲ̟ĩɲ̟ɲ̟ikɯ̟ᵝ]"
}
],
"word": "蒜"
}
{
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{
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"3": "-",
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"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "jpx-pro",
"3": "*peru",
"4": "",
"5": "garlic",
"sort": "ひる"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Japonic *peru (“garlic”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"nodots": "1"
},
"expansion": "CE",
"name": "C.E."
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "CE",
"name": "CE"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *peru (“garlic”). First attested in the Kojiki of 712 CE.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "蒜",
"ruby": [
[
"蒜",
"ひる"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "hiru",
"tags": [
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],
"head_templates": [
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"args": {
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},
"expansion": "蒜(ひる) • (hiru)",
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"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 9 91",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 11 89",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
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"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 11 89",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 25 75",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 11 89",
"kind": "other",
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"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 11 89",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 44 56",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "ja",
"name": "Alliums",
"orig": "ja:Alliums",
"parents": [
"Amaryllis family plants",
"Root vegetables",
"Spices and herbs",
"Asparagales order plants",
"Flowers",
"Vegetables",
"Foods",
"Plants",
"Eating",
"Food and drink",
"Lifeforms",
"Human behaviour",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Human",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "garlic",
"roman": "ōbiru",
"ruby": [
[
"大蒜",
"おおびる"
]
],
"word": "大蒜"
},
{
"roman": "nebiru",
"word": "根蒜"
},
{
"roman": "nebiru",
"word": "沢蒜"
},
{
"roman": "nobiru",
"ruby": [
[
"野蒜",
"のびる"
]
],
"word": "野蒜"
},
{
"english": "Hiruzen",
"roman": "Hiruzen",
"ruby": [
[
"蒜山",
"ひるぜん"
]
],
"word": "蒜山"
}
],
"glosses": [
"allium"
],
"id": "en-蒜-ja-noun-waMpkPRB",
"links": [
[
"allium",
"allium"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "ひる"
},
{
"ipa": "[çiɾɯ̟ᵝ]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Kojiki"
],
"word": "蒜"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese Han characters",
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese kanji with goon reading さん",
"Japanese kanji with kan'on reading さん",
"Japanese kanji with kun reading にんにく",
"Japanese kanji with kun reading ひる",
"Japanese kanji with kun readings missing okurigana designation",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese single-kanji terms",
"Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms derived from Proto-Japonic",
"Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms inherited from Proto-Japonic",
"Japanese terms spelled with hyōgaiji kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with 蒜",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with redundant transliterations",
"Japanese terms written with one Han script character",
"Uncommon kanji",
"ja:Alliums",
"ja:Spices and herbs",
"ja:Vegetables",
"yox:Alliums",
"yox:Spices and herbs",
"yox:Vegetables"
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"tags": [
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"kanji",
"no-gloss",
"uncommon"
]
}
],
"word": "蒜"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese single-kanji terms",
"Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms derived from Proto-Japonic",
"Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms inherited from Proto-Japonic",
"Japanese terms spelled with hyōgaiji kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with 蒜",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with unknown etymologies",
"Japanese terms written with one Han script character",
"ja:Alliums",
"ja:Spices and herbs",
"ja:Vegetables",
"yox:Alliums",
"yox:Spices and herbs",
"yox:Vegetables"
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "gyōjaninniku",
"ruby": [
[
"行者葫",
"ぎょうじゃにんにく"
]
],
"word": "行者葫"
},
{
"roman": "hamaninniku",
"ruby": [
[
"浜蒜",
"はまにんにく"
]
],
"word": "浜蒜"
}
],
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"expansion": "uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "匂い",
"3": "",
"4": "smell, scent",
"tr": "nioi"
},
"expansion": "匂い (nioi, “smell, scent”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "憎い",
"3": "",
"4": "hateful; bitter",
"tr": "nikui"
},
"expansion": "憎い (nikui, “hateful; bitter”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "⟨nipopi₁⟩"
},
"expansion": "⟨nipopi₁⟩",
"name": "IPAfont"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "⟨niku⟩"
},
"expansion": "⟨niku⟩",
"name": "IPAfont"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "/nipopi niku/"
},
"expansion": "/nipopi niku/",
"name": "IPAfont"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "/nipniku/"
},
"expansion": "/nipniku/",
"name": "IPAfont"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "/ninniku/"
},
"expansion": "/ninniku/",
"name": "IPAfont"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "忍辱",
"3": "",
"4": "patience, forbearance, forgiveness",
"tr": "ninniku"
},
"expansion": "忍辱 (ninniku, “patience, forbearance, forgiveness”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "euphemism"
},
"expansion": "euphemism",
"name": "glink"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Origin uncertain. There are two leading theories.\n* Deriving ultimately from some compound and shift of 匂い (nioi, “smell, scent”) + 憎い (nikui, “hateful; bitter”). Possible progression:\n:: ⟨nipopi₁⟩ + ⟨niku⟩ → */nipopi niku/ → */nipniku/ → /ninniku/\n* Deriving as a shift in meaning from Buddhist term 忍辱 (ninniku, “patience, forbearance, forgiveness”). Apparently garlic was seen as stimulating, and as such it was a forbidden food and monks would have to forbear from eating it, possibly giving rise to use of the term as a euphemism.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "蒜",
"ruby": [
[
"蒜",
"にんにく"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "蒜",
"ruby": [
[
"蒜",
"ニンニク"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "ninniku",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "にんにく",
"2": "ニンニク"
},
"expansion": "蒜(にんにく) or 蒜(ニンニク) • (ninniku)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"garlic"
],
"links": [
[
"garlic",
"garlic"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "にんにく"
},
{
"ipa": "[ɲ̟ĩɲ̟ɲ̟ikɯ̟ᵝ]"
}
],
"word": "蒜"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese single-kanji terms",
"Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms derived from Proto-Japonic",
"Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms inherited from Proto-Japonic",
"Japanese terms spelled with hyōgaiji kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with 蒜",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms written with one Han script character",
"ja:Alliums",
"ja:Spices and herbs",
"ja:Vegetables",
"yox:Alliums",
"yox:Spices and herbs",
"yox:Vegetables"
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "garlic",
"roman": "ōbiru",
"ruby": [
[
"大蒜",
"おおびる"
]
],
"word": "大蒜"
},
{
"roman": "nebiru",
"word": "根蒜"
},
{
"roman": "nebiru",
"word": "沢蒜"
},
{
"roman": "nobiru",
"ruby": [
[
"野蒜",
"のびる"
]
],
"word": "野蒜"
},
{
"english": "Hiruzen",
"roman": "Hiruzen",
"ruby": [
[
"蒜山",
"ひるぜん"
]
],
"word": "蒜山"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ojp",
"3": "-",
"sort": "ひる"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "jpx-pro",
"3": "*peru",
"4": "",
"5": "garlic",
"sort": "ひる"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Japonic *peru (“garlic”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"nodots": "1"
},
"expansion": "CE",
"name": "C.E."
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "CE",
"name": "CE"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *peru (“garlic”). First attested in the Kojiki of 712 CE.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "蒜",
"ruby": [
[
"蒜",
"ひる"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "hiru",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ひる"
},
"expansion": "蒜(ひる) • (hiru)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"allium"
],
"links": [
[
"allium",
"allium"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "ひる"
},
{
"ipa": "[çiɾɯ̟ᵝ]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Kojiki"
],
"word": "蒜"
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"蒜"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "蒜",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"蒜"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "蒜",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Japanese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.