See 築く in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ojp",
"3": "-",
"sort": "き"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "きね"
},
"expansion": "きね (kine)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "杵",
"3": "築く",
"pos1": "from which きね (<span class=\"mention-tr tr\">kine</span>) “pestle” is also derived",
"pos2": "see below",
"t1": "mallet, pounder, pestle",
"t2": "to build up, to pile up, to amass",
"tr1": "ki",
"tr2": "tsuku"
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, 杵 (ki, “mallet, pounder, pestle”, from which きね (kine) “pestle” is also derived) + 築く (tsuku, “to build up, to pile up, to amass”, see below)",
"name": "surf"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ojp",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "/ki₂/"
},
"expansion": "/ki₂/",
"name": "IPAfont"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "/ki₁/"
},
"expansion": "/ki₁/",
"name": "IPAfont"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Japanese, attested in the Izumo Fudoki completed in 733.\nBy surface analysis, 杵 (ki, “mallet, pounder, pestle”, from which きね (kine) “pestle” is also derived) + 築く (tsuku, “to build up, to pile up, to amass”, see below), for a base sense of “to make something using a pounder or mallet”, much as when building up rammed earth or stonework.\nThis term as 杵 (ki, “pounder”) + 築く (tsuku, “build up”) then underwent conflation with, or was reanalysed as, 城 (ki, “castle, fortress”) + 築く (tsuku, “build up”) with a basic sense of “to construct”. This latter derivation is given as the only etymology in some references. However, the “to construct” sense is attested centuries later in 1081. Moreover, the “castle, fortress” sense for the initial ki- element was pronounced in Old Japanese as /ki₂/, while the “pounder, mallet” sense was pronounced /ki₁/.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "築く",
"ruby": [
[
"築",
"きず"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "kizuku",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "kiduku",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "築き",
"roman": "kizuki",
"ruby": [
[
"築",
"きず"
]
],
"tags": [
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "築いた",
"roman": "kizuita",
"ruby": [
[
"築",
"きず"
]
],
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-go-ku",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "築か",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "きずか",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "kizuka",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "築き",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "きずき",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "kizuki",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "築く",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "きずく",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "kizuku",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "築け",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "きずけ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "kizuke",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "築かれる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "きずかれる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "kizukareru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "築かせる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "築かす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "きずかせる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "きずかす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "kizukaseru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "kizukasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "築ける",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "きずける",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "kizukeru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "築こう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "きずこう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "kizukō",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "築かない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "きずかない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "kizukanai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "築かず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "きずかず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "kizukazu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "築きます",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "きずきます",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "kizukimasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "築いた",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "きずいた",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "kizuita",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "築いて",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "きずいて",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "kizuite",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "築けば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "きずけば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "kizukeba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-conj-bungo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "築か",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"irrealis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "きづか",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"irrealis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kiduka",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"irrealis"
]
},
{
"form": "築き",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "きづき",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kiduki",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative"
]
},
{
"form": "築く",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "きづく",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "kiduku",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "築く",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "きづく",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kiduku",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive"
]
},
{
"form": "築け",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"realis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "きづけ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"realis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kiduke",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"realis"
]
},
{
"form": "築け",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "きづけ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kiduke",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "築かず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "きづかず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "kidukazu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "築けど",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"contrastive"
]
},
{
"form": "きづけど",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"contrastive"
]
},
{
"form": "kidukedo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"contrastive"
]
},
{
"form": "築けば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "きづけば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "kidukeba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "築かば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "きづかば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "kidukaba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "築きき",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "きづきき",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "kidukiki",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "築きけり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "きづきけり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "kidukikeri",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "築きつ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "きづきつ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "kidukitu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "築きぬ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "きづきぬ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "kidukinu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "築けり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "築きたり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "きづけり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "きづきたり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "kidukeri",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "kidukitari",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "築かむ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "きづかむ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "kidukamu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "きずく",
"hhira": "きづく",
"tr": "trans",
"type": "1"
},
"expansion": "築(きず)く • (kizuku) ^(←きづく (kiduku)?)transitive godan (stem 築(きず)き (kizuki), past 築(きず)いた (kizuita))",
"name": "ja-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "きづ",
"2": "4-k"
},
"name": "ja-conj-bungo"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "50 11 39",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "42 24 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese godan verbs ending with -ku",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "52 8 41",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with manual fragments",
"parents": [
"Links with manual fragments",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "53 7 40",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "53 7 40",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "49 12 39",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with 1 kanji",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "52 10 38",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "53 7 40",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "89 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "49 15 36",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "60 9 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "87 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Links likely containing transcriptions in pos",
"orig": "links likely containing transcriptions in pos",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to build up"
],
"id": "en-築く-ja-verb-mPFzyzKt",
"links": [
[
"build up",
"build up"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to construct (a castle, fort, etc.)"
],
"id": "en-築く-ja-verb-MUrIDWrs",
"links": [
[
"construct",
"construct"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "きずく"
},
{
"ipa": "[kʲizɨkɯ̟]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Daijisen",
"Kōjien",
"Nihon Kokugo Daijiten",
"Shinmura Izuru",
"ja:出雲国風土記",
"ja:松村明"
],
"word": "築く"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ojp",
"3": "-",
"sort": "き"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "突く",
"tr": "tsuku"
},
"expansion": "Japanese 突く (tsuku)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Japanese. Cognate with Japanese 突く (tsuku).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "築く",
"ruby": [
[
"築",
"つ"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "tsuku",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "築き",
"roman": "tsuki",
"ruby": [
[
"築",
"つ"
]
],
"tags": [
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "築いた",
"roman": "tsuita",
"ruby": [
[
"築",
"つ"
]
],
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-go-ku",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "築か",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "つか",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "tsuka",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "築き",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "つき",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "tsuki",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "築く",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "つく",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "tsuku",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "築け",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "つけ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "tsuke",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "築かれる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "つかれる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "tsukareru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "築かせる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "築かす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "つかせる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "つかす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "tsukaseru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "tsukasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "築ける",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "つける",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "tsukeru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "築こう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "つこう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "tsukō",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "築かない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "つかない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "tsukanai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "築かず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "つかず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "tsukazu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "築きます",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "つきます",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "tsukimasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "築いた",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "ついた",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "tsuita",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "築いて",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "ついて",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "tsuite",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "築けば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "つけば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "tsukeba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-conj-bungo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "築か",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"irrealis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "つか",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"irrealis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "tuka",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"irrealis"
]
},
{
"form": "築き",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "つき",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "tuki",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative"
]
},
{
"form": "築く",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "つく",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "tuku",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "築く",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "つく",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "tuku",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive"
]
},
{
"form": "築け",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"realis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "つけ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"realis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "tuke",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"realis"
]
},
{
"form": "築け",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "つけ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "tuke",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "築かず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "つかず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "tukazu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "築けど",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"contrastive"
]
},
{
"form": "つけど",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"contrastive"
]
},
{
"form": "tukedo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"contrastive"
]
},
{
"form": "築けば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "つけば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "tukeba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "築かば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "つかば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "tukaba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "築きき",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "つきき",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "tukiki",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "築きけり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "つきけり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "tukikeri",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "築きつ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "つきつ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "tukitu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "築きぬ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "つきぬ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "tukinu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "築けり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "築きたり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "つけり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "つきたり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "tukeri",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "tukitari",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "築かむ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "つかむ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "tukamu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "つく",
"tr": "tr",
"type": "1"
},
"expansion": "築(つ)く • (tsuku) transitive godan (stem 築(つ)き (tsuki), past 築(つ)いた (tsuita))",
"name": "ja-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "つ",
"2": "4-k"
},
"name": "ja-conj-bungo"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to build up, to pile up, to amass"
],
"id": "en-築く-ja-verb-ZJc6UbWI",
"links": [
[
"build",
"build"
],
[
"pile up",
"pile up"
],
[
"amass",
"amass"
]
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Nihon Kokugo Daijiten"
],
"word": "築く"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese compound terms",
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese godan verbs",
"Japanese godan verbs ending with -ku",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with manual fragments",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms historically spelled with づ",
"Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms spelled with fifth grade kanji",
"Japanese terms with 1 kanji",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Japanese transitive verbs",
"Japanese verbs",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"links likely containing transcriptions in pos"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ojp",
"3": "-",
"sort": "き"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "きね"
},
"expansion": "きね (kine)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "杵",
"3": "築く",
"pos1": "from which きね (<span class=\"mention-tr tr\">kine</span>) “pestle” is also derived",
"pos2": "see below",
"t1": "mallet, pounder, pestle",
"t2": "to build up, to pile up, to amass",
"tr1": "ki",
"tr2": "tsuku"
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, 杵 (ki, “mallet, pounder, pestle”, from which きね (kine) “pestle” is also derived) + 築く (tsuku, “to build up, to pile up, to amass”, see below)",
"name": "surf"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ojp",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "/ki₂/"
},
"expansion": "/ki₂/",
"name": "IPAfont"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "/ki₁/"
},
"expansion": "/ki₁/",
"name": "IPAfont"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Japanese, attested in the Izumo Fudoki completed in 733.\nBy surface analysis, 杵 (ki, “mallet, pounder, pestle”, from which きね (kine) “pestle” is also derived) + 築く (tsuku, “to build up, to pile up, to amass”, see below), for a base sense of “to make something using a pounder or mallet”, much as when building up rammed earth or stonework.\nThis term as 杵 (ki, “pounder”) + 築く (tsuku, “build up”) then underwent conflation with, or was reanalysed as, 城 (ki, “castle, fortress”) + 築く (tsuku, “build up”) with a basic sense of “to construct”. This latter derivation is given as the only etymology in some references. However, the “to construct” sense is attested centuries later in 1081. Moreover, the “castle, fortress” sense for the initial ki- element was pronounced in Old Japanese as /ki₂/, while the “pounder, mallet” sense was pronounced /ki₁/.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "築く",
"ruby": [
[
"築",
"きず"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "kizuku",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "kiduku",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "築き",
"roman": "kizuki",
"ruby": [
[
"築",
"きず"
]
],
"tags": [
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "築いた",
"roman": "kizuita",
"ruby": [
[
"築",
"きず"
]
],
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-go-ku",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "築か",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "きずか",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "kizuka",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "築き",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "きずき",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "kizuki",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "築く",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "きずく",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "kizuku",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "築け",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "きずけ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "kizuke",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "築かれる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "きずかれる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "kizukareru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "築かせる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "築かす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "きずかせる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "きずかす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "kizukaseru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "kizukasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "築ける",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "きずける",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "kizukeru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "築こう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "きずこう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "kizukō",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "築かない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "きずかない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "kizukanai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "築かず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "きずかず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "kizukazu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "築きます",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "きずきます",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "kizukimasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "築いた",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "きずいた",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "kizuita",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "築いて",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "きずいて",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "kizuite",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "築けば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "きずけば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "kizukeba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-conj-bungo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "築か",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"irrealis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "きづか",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"irrealis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kiduka",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"irrealis"
]
},
{
"form": "築き",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "きづき",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kiduki",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative"
]
},
{
"form": "築く",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "きづく",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "kiduku",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "築く",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "きづく",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kiduku",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive"
]
},
{
"form": "築け",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"realis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "きづけ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"realis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kiduke",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"realis"
]
},
{
"form": "築け",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "きづけ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "kiduke",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "築かず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "きづかず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "kidukazu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "築けど",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"contrastive"
]
},
{
"form": "きづけど",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"contrastive"
]
},
{
"form": "kidukedo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"contrastive"
]
},
{
"form": "築けば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "きづけば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "kidukeba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "築かば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "きづかば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "kidukaba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "築きき",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "きづきき",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "kidukiki",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "築きけり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "きづきけり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "kidukikeri",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "築きつ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "きづきつ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "kidukitu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "築きぬ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "きづきぬ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "kidukinu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "築けり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "築きたり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "きづけり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "きづきたり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "kidukeri",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "kidukitari",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "築かむ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "きづかむ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "kidukamu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "きずく",
"hhira": "きづく",
"tr": "trans",
"type": "1"
},
"expansion": "築(きず)く • (kizuku) ^(←きづく (kiduku)?)transitive godan (stem 築(きず)き (kizuki), past 築(きず)いた (kizuita))",
"name": "ja-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "きづ",
"2": "4-k"
},
"name": "ja-conj-bungo"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to build up"
],
"links": [
[
"build up",
"build up"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to construct (a castle, fort, etc.)"
],
"links": [
[
"construct",
"construct"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "きずく"
},
{
"ipa": "[kʲizɨkɯ̟]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Daijisen",
"Kōjien",
"Nihon Kokugo Daijiten",
"Shinmura Izuru",
"ja:出雲国風土記",
"ja:松村明"
],
"word": "築く"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese godan verbs",
"Japanese godan verbs ending with -ku",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with manual fragments",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms spelled with fifth grade kanji",
"Japanese terms with 1 kanji",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese transitive verbs",
"Japanese verbs",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ojp",
"3": "-",
"sort": "き"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "突く",
"tr": "tsuku"
},
"expansion": "Japanese 突く (tsuku)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Japanese. Cognate with Japanese 突く (tsuku).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "築く",
"ruby": [
[
"築",
"つ"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "tsuku",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "築き",
"roman": "tsuki",
"ruby": [
[
"築",
"つ"
]
],
"tags": [
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "築いた",
"roman": "tsuita",
"ruby": [
[
"築",
"つ"
]
],
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-go-ku",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "築か",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "つか",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "tsuka",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "築き",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "つき",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "tsuki",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "築く",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "つく",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "tsuku",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "築け",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "つけ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "tsuke",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "築かれる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "つかれる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "tsukareru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "築かせる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "築かす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "つかせる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "つかす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "tsukaseru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "tsukasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "築ける",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "つける",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "tsukeru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "築こう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "つこう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "tsukō",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "築かない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "つかない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "tsukanai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "築かず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "つかず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "tsukazu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "築きます",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "つきます",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "tsukimasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "築いた",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "ついた",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "tsuita",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "築いて",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "ついて",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "tsuite",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "築けば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "つけば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "tsukeba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-conj-bungo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "築か",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"irrealis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "つか",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"irrealis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "tuka",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"irrealis"
]
},
{
"form": "築き",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "つき",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "tuki",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative"
]
},
{
"form": "築く",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "つく",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "tuku",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "築く",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "つく",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "tuku",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"attributive"
]
},
{
"form": "築け",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"realis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "つけ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"realis",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "tuke",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"realis"
]
},
{
"form": "築け",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "つけ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "tuke",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "築かず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "つかず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "tukazu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "築けど",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"contrastive"
]
},
{
"form": "つけど",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"contrastive"
]
},
{
"form": "tukedo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"contrastive"
]
},
{
"form": "築けば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "つけば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "tukeba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "築かば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "つかば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "tukaba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "築きき",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "つきき",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "tukiki",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "築きけり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "つきけり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "tukikeri",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "築きつ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "つきつ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "tukitu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "築きぬ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "つきぬ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "tukinu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "築けり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "築きたり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "つけり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "つきたり",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "tukeri",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "tukitari",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "築かむ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "つかむ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "tukamu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "つく",
"tr": "tr",
"type": "1"
},
"expansion": "築(つ)く • (tsuku) transitive godan (stem 築(つ)き (tsuki), past 築(つ)いた (tsuita))",
"name": "ja-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "つ",
"2": "4-k"
},
"name": "ja-conj-bungo"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to build up, to pile up, to amass"
],
"links": [
[
"build",
"build"
],
[
"pile up",
"pile up"
],
[
"amass",
"amass"
]
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Nihon Kokugo Daijiten"
],
"word": "築く"
}
Download raw JSONL data for 築く meaning in Japanese (20.2kB)
{
"called_from": "parser/304",
"msg": "HTML tag <span> not properly closed",
"path": [
"築く"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "築く",
"trace": "started on line 2, detected on line 2"
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"築く"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "築く",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Mizenkei (\"imperfective\")'",
"path": [
"築く"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "築く",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Ren’yōkei (\"continuative\")'",
"path": [
"築く"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "築く",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Shūshikei (\"terminal\")'",
"path": [
"築く"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "築く",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Rentaikei (\"attributive\")'",
"path": [
"築く"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "築く",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Kateikei (\"hypothetical\")'",
"path": [
"築く"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "築く",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Meireikei (\"imperative\")'",
"path": [
"築く"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "築く",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"築く"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "築く",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Mizenkei (\"imperfective\")'",
"path": [
"築く"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "築く",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Ren’yōkei (\"continuative\")'",
"path": [
"築く"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "築く",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Shūshikei (\"terminal\")'",
"path": [
"築く"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "築く",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Rentaikei (\"attributive\")'",
"path": [
"築く"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "築く",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Kateikei (\"hypothetical\")'",
"path": [
"築く"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "築く",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Meireikei (\"imperative\")'",
"path": [
"築く"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "築く",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Japanese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.