"築く" meaning in Japanese

{
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "ojp",
        "3": "-",
        "sort": "き"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Japanese",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "きね"
      },
      "expansion": "きね (kine)",
      "name": "ja-r"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "杵",
        "3": "築く",
        "pos1": "from which きね (<span class=\"mention-tr tr\">kine</span>) “pestle” is also derived",
        "pos2": "see below",
        "t1": "mallet, pounder, pestle",
        "t2": "to build up, to pile up, to amass",
        "tr1": "ki",
        "tr2": "tsuku"
      },
      "expansion": "By surface analysis, 杵 (ki, “mallet, pounder, pestle”, from which きね (kine) “pestle” is also derived) + 築く (tsuku, “to build up, to pile up, to amass”, see below)",
      "name": "surf"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "杵",
        "3": "",
        "4": "pounder",
        "tr": "ki"
      },
      "expansion": "杵 (ki, “pounder”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "築く",
        "3": "",
        "4": "build up",
        "tr": "tsuku"
      },
      "expansion": "築く (tsuku, “build up”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "城",
        "3": "",
        "4": "castle, fortress",
        "tr": "ki"
      },
      "expansion": "城 (ki, “castle, fortress”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "築く",
        "3": "",
        "4": "build up",
        "tr": "tsuku"
      },
      "expansion": "築く (tsuku, “build up”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ojp",
        "2": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Japanese",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "/ki₂/"
      },
      "expansion": "/ki₂/",
      "name": "IPAfont"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "/ki₁/"
      },
      "expansion": "/ki₁/",
      "name": "IPAfont"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Old Japanese, attested in the Izumo Fudoki completed in 733.\nBy surface analysis, 杵 (ki, “mallet, pounder, pestle”, from which きね (kine) “pestle” is also derived) + 築く (tsuku, “to build up, to pile up, to amass”, see below), for a base sense of “to make something using a pounder or mallet”, much as when building up rammed earth or stonework.\nThis term as 杵 (ki, “pounder”) + 築く (tsuku, “build up”) then underwent conflation with, or was reanalysed as, 城 (ki, “castle, fortress”) + 築く (tsuku, “build up”) with a basic sense of “to construct”. This latter derivation is given as the only etymology in some references. However, the “to construct” sense is attested centuries later in 1081. Moreover, the “castle, fortress” sense for the initial ki- element was pronounced in Old Japanese as /ki₂/, while the “pounder, mallet” sense was pronounced /ki₁/.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "築く",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "築",
          "きず"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kizuku",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kiduku",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "築き",
      "roman": "kizuki",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "築",
          "きず"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "築いた",
      "roman": "kizuita",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "築",
          "きず"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ja-go-ku",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "築か",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "きずか",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kizuka",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "築き",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "きずき",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kizuki",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "築く",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "きずく",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kizuku",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "築け",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "きずけ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kizuke",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "築かれる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "きずかれる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kizukareru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "築かせる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "築かす",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "きずかせる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "きずかす",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kizukaseru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kizukasu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "築ける",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "きずける",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kizukeru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "築こう",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "きずこう",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kizukō",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "築かない",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "きずかない",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kizukanai",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "築かず",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "きずかず",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kizukazu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "築きます",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "きずきます",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kizukimasu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "築いた",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "きずいた",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kizuita",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "築いて",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "きずいて",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kizuite",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "築けば",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "きずけば",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kizukeba",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ja-conj-bungo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "築か",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "irrealis",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "きづか",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "irrealis",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kiduka",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "irrealis"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "築き",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "きづき",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kiduki",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "築く",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "stem",
        "terminative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "きづく",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "stem",
        "terminative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kiduku",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "terminative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "築く",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "attributive",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "きづく",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "attributive",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kiduku",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "attributive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "築け",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "realis",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "きづけ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "realis",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kiduke",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "realis"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "築け",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "きづけ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kiduke",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "築かず",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "きづかず",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kidukazu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "築けど",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "contrastive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "きづけど",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "contrastive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kidukedo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "contrastive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "築けば",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "きづけば",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kidukeba",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "築かば",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "きづかば",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kidukaba",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "築きき",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "きづきき",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kidukiki",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "築きけり",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "きづきけり",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kidukikeri",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "築きつ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "きづきつ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kidukitu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "築きぬ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "きづきぬ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kidukinu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "築けり",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "築きたり",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "きづけり",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "きづきたり",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kidukeri",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kidukitari",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "築かむ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "きづかむ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kidukamu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "きずく",
        "hhira": "きづく",
        "tr": "trans",
        "type": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "築(きず)く • (kizuku) ^(←きづく (kiduku)?)transitive godan (stem 築(きず)き (kizuki), past 築(きず)いた (kizuita))",
      "name": "ja-verb"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "きづ",
        "2": "4-k"
      },
      "name": "ja-conj-bungo"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "39 30 31",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "62 17 21",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese links with manual fragments",
          "parents": [
            "Links with manual fragments",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "67 14 18",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant alt parameters",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "67 15 19",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant wikilinks",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "51 18 30",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with multiple readings",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "66 16 18",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "67 14 18",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "82 18",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with redundant sortkeys",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "77 23",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Links likely containing transcriptions in pos",
          "orig": "links likely containing transcriptions in pos",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to build up"
      ],
      "id": "en-築く-ja-verb-mPFzyzKt",
      "links": [
        [
          "build up",
          "build up"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to construct (a castle, fort, etc.)"
      ],
      "id": "en-築く-ja-verb-MUrIDWrs",
      "links": [
        [
          "construct",
          "construct"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "other": "きずく"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[kʲizɨᵝkɯ̟ᵝ]"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Daijisen",
    "Iwanami Shoten",
    "Kōjien",
    "Shinmura Izuru",
    "Shogakukan",
    "Tōkyō",
    "ja:出雲国風土記",
    "ja:大辞泉",
    "ja:広辞苑",
    "ja:松村明"
  ],
  "word": "築く"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "ojp",
        "3": "-",
        "sort": "き"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Japanese",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "突く",
        "tr": "tsuku"
      },
      "expansion": "Japanese 突く (tsuku)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Old Japanese. Cognate with Japanese 突く (tsuku).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "築く",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "築",
          "つ"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tsuku",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "築き",
      "roman": "tsuki",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "築",
          "つ"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "築いた",
      "roman": "tsuita",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "築",
          "つ"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ja-go-ku",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "築か",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "つか",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tsuka",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "築き",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "つき",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tsuki",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "築く",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "つく",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tsuku",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "築け",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "つけ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tsuke",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "築かれる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "つかれる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tsukareru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "築かせる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "築かす",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "つかせる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "つかす",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tsukaseru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tsukasu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "築ける",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "つける",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tsukeru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "築こう",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "つこう",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tsukō",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "築かない",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "つかない",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tsukanai",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "築かず",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "つかず",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tsukazu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "築きます",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "つきます",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tsukimasu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "築いた",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ついた",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tsuita",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "築いて",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ついて",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tsuite",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "築けば",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "つけば",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tsukeba",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ja-conj-bungo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "築か",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "irrealis",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "つか",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "irrealis",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tuka",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "irrealis"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "築き",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "つき",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tuki",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "築く",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "stem",
        "terminative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "つく",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "stem",
        "terminative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tuku",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "terminative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "築く",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "attributive",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "つく",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "attributive",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tuku",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "attributive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "築け",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "realis",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "つけ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "realis",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tuke",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "realis"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "築け",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "つけ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tuke",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "築かず",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "つかず",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tukazu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "築けど",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "contrastive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "つけど",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "contrastive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tukedo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "contrastive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "築けば",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "つけば",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tukeba",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "築かば",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "つかば",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tukaba",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "築きき",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "つきき",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tukiki",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "築きけり",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "つきけり",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tukikeri",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "築きつ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "つきつ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tukitu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "築きぬ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "つきぬ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tukinu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "築けり",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "築きたり",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "つけり",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "つきたり",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tukeri",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tukitari",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "築かむ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "つかむ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tukamu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "つく",
        "tr": "tr",
        "type": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "築(つ)く • (tsuku) transitive godan (stem 築(つ)き (tsuki), past 築(つ)いた (tsuita))",
      "name": "ja-verb"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "つ",
        "2": "4-k"
      },
      "name": "ja-conj-bungo"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to build up, to pile up, to amass"
      ],
      "id": "en-築く-ja-verb-ZJc6UbWI",
      "links": [
        [
          "build",
          "build"
        ],
        [
          "pile up",
          "pile up"
        ],
        [
          "amass",
          "amass"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "築く"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Japanese compound terms",
    "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
    "Japanese lemmas",
    "Japanese links with manual fragments",
    "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
    "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
    "Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese",
    "Japanese terms historically spelled with づ",
    "Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese",
    "Japanese terms spelled with fifth grade kanji",
    "Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Japanese terms with multiple readings",
    "Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
    "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
    "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
    "Japanese terms written with one Han script character",
    "Japanese transitive verbs",
    "Japanese type 1 verbs",
    "Japanese verbs",
    "links likely containing transcriptions in pos"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "ojp",
        "3": "-",
        "sort": "き"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Japanese",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "きね"
      },
      "expansion": "きね (kine)",
      "name": "ja-r"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "杵",
        "3": "築く",
        "pos1": "from which きね (<span class=\"mention-tr tr\">kine</span>) “pestle” is also derived",
        "pos2": "see below",
        "t1": "mallet, pounder, pestle",
        "t2": "to build up, to pile up, to amass",
        "tr1": "ki",
        "tr2": "tsuku"
      },
      "expansion": "By surface analysis, 杵 (ki, “mallet, pounder, pestle”, from which きね (kine) “pestle” is also derived) + 築く (tsuku, “to build up, to pile up, to amass”, see below)",
      "name": "surf"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "杵",
        "3": "",
        "4": "pounder",
        "tr": "ki"
      },
      "expansion": "杵 (ki, “pounder”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "築く",
        "3": "",
        "4": "build up",
        "tr": "tsuku"
      },
      "expansion": "築く (tsuku, “build up”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "城",
        "3": "",
        "4": "castle, fortress",
        "tr": "ki"
      },
      "expansion": "城 (ki, “castle, fortress”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "築く",
        "3": "",
        "4": "build up",
        "tr": "tsuku"
      },
      "expansion": "築く (tsuku, “build up”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ojp",
        "2": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Japanese",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "/ki₂/"
      },
      "expansion": "/ki₂/",
      "name": "IPAfont"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "/ki₁/"
      },
      "expansion": "/ki₁/",
      "name": "IPAfont"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Old Japanese, attested in the Izumo Fudoki completed in 733.\nBy surface analysis, 杵 (ki, “mallet, pounder, pestle”, from which きね (kine) “pestle” is also derived) + 築く (tsuku, “to build up, to pile up, to amass”, see below), for a base sense of “to make something using a pounder or mallet”, much as when building up rammed earth or stonework.\nThis term as 杵 (ki, “pounder”) + 築く (tsuku, “build up”) then underwent conflation with, or was reanalysed as, 城 (ki, “castle, fortress”) + 築く (tsuku, “build up”) with a basic sense of “to construct”. This latter derivation is given as the only etymology in some references. However, the “to construct” sense is attested centuries later in 1081. Moreover, the “castle, fortress” sense for the initial ki- element was pronounced in Old Japanese as /ki₂/, while the “pounder, mallet” sense was pronounced /ki₁/.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "築く",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "築",
          "きず"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kizuku",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kiduku",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "築き",
      "roman": "kizuki",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "築",
          "きず"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "築いた",
      "roman": "kizuita",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "築",
          "きず"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ja-go-ku",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "築か",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "きずか",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kizuka",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "築き",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "きずき",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kizuki",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "築く",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "きずく",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kizuku",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "築け",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "きずけ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kizuke",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "築かれる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "きずかれる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kizukareru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "築かせる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "築かす",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "きずかせる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "きずかす",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kizukaseru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kizukasu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "築ける",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "きずける",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kizukeru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "築こう",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "きずこう",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kizukō",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "築かない",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "きずかない",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kizukanai",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "築かず",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "きずかず",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kizukazu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "築きます",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "きずきます",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kizukimasu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "築いた",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "きずいた",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kizuita",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "築いて",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "きずいて",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kizuite",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "築けば",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "きずけば",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kizukeba",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ja-conj-bungo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "築か",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "irrealis",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "きづか",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "irrealis",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kiduka",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "irrealis"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "築き",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "きづき",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kiduki",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "築く",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "stem",
        "terminative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "きづく",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "stem",
        "terminative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kiduku",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "terminative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "築く",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "attributive",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "きづく",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "attributive",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kiduku",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "attributive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "築け",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "realis",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "きづけ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "realis",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kiduke",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "realis"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "築け",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "きづけ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kiduke",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "築かず",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "きづかず",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kidukazu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "築けど",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "contrastive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "きづけど",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "contrastive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kidukedo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "contrastive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "築けば",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "きづけば",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kidukeba",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "築かば",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "きづかば",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kidukaba",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "築きき",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "きづきき",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kidukiki",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "築きけり",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "きづきけり",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kidukikeri",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "築きつ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "きづきつ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kidukitu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "築きぬ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "きづきぬ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kidukinu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "築けり",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "築きたり",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "きづけり",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "きづきたり",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kidukeri",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kidukitari",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "築かむ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "きづかむ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kidukamu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "きずく",
        "hhira": "きづく",
        "tr": "trans",
        "type": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "築(きず)く • (kizuku) ^(←きづく (kiduku)?)transitive godan (stem 築(きず)き (kizuki), past 築(きず)いた (kizuita))",
      "name": "ja-verb"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "きづ",
        "2": "4-k"
      },
      "name": "ja-conj-bungo"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to build up"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "build up",
          "build up"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to construct (a castle, fort, etc.)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "construct",
          "construct"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "other": "きずく"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[kʲizɨᵝkɯ̟ᵝ]"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Daijisen",
    "Iwanami Shoten",
    "Kōjien",
    "Shinmura Izuru",
    "Shogakukan",
    "Tōkyō",
    "ja:出雲国風土記",
    "ja:大辞泉",
    "ja:広辞苑",
    "ja:松村明"
  ],
  "word": "築く"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
    "Japanese lemmas",
    "Japanese links with manual fragments",
    "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
    "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
    "Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese",
    "Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese",
    "Japanese terms spelled with fifth grade kanji",
    "Japanese terms with multiple readings",
    "Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
    "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
    "Japanese terms written with one Han script character",
    "Japanese transitive verbs",
    "Japanese type 1 verbs",
    "Japanese verbs"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "ojp",
        "3": "-",
        "sort": "き"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Japanese",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "突く",
        "tr": "tsuku"
      },
      "expansion": "Japanese 突く (tsuku)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Old Japanese. Cognate with Japanese 突く (tsuku).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "築く",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "築",
          "つ"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tsuku",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "築き",
      "roman": "tsuki",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "築",
          "つ"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "築いた",
      "roman": "tsuita",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "築",
          "つ"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ja-go-ku",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "築か",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "つか",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tsuka",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "築き",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "つき",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tsuki",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "築く",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "つく",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tsuku",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "築け",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "つけ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tsuke",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "築かれる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "つかれる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tsukareru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "築かせる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "築かす",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "つかせる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "つかす",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tsukaseru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tsukasu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "築ける",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "つける",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tsukeru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "築こう",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "つこう",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tsukō",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "築かない",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "つかない",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tsukanai",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "築かず",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "つかず",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tsukazu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "築きます",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "つきます",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tsukimasu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "築いた",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ついた",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tsuita",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "築いて",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ついて",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tsuite",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "築けば",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "つけば",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tsukeba",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ja-conj-bungo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "築か",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "irrealis",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "つか",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "irrealis",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tuka",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "irrealis"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "築き",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "つき",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tuki",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "築く",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "stem",
        "terminative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "つく",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "stem",
        "terminative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tuku",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "terminative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "築く",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "attributive",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "つく",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "attributive",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tuku",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "attributive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "築け",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "realis",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "つけ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "realis",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tuke",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "realis"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "築け",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "つけ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tuke",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "築かず",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "つかず",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tukazu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "築けど",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "contrastive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "つけど",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "contrastive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tukedo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "contrastive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "築けば",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "つけば",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tukeba",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "築かば",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "つかば",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tukaba",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "築きき",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "つきき",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tukiki",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "築きけり",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "つきけり",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tukikeri",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "築きつ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "つきつ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tukitu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "築きぬ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "つきぬ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tukinu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "築けり",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "築きたり",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "つけり",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "つきたり",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tukeri",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tukitari",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "築かむ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "つかむ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tukamu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "つく",
        "tr": "tr",
        "type": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "築(つ)く • (tsuku) transitive godan (stem 築(つ)き (tsuki), past 築(つ)いた (tsuita))",
      "name": "ja-verb"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "つ",
        "2": "4-k"
      },
      "name": "ja-conj-bungo"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to build up, to pile up, to amass"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "build",
          "build"
        ],
        [
          "pile up",
          "pile up"
        ],
        [
          "amass",
          "amass"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "築く"
}