See 欲する in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "/porisu/"
},
"expansion": "/porisu/",
"name": "IPAfont"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "/posːu/"
},
"expansion": "/posːu/",
"name": "IPAfont"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "/posːuru/"
},
"expansion": "/posːuru/",
"name": "IPAfont"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "欲す",
"2": "ほりす"
},
"expansion": "欲(ほり)す (horisu)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "連%用%形",
"2": "れん%よう%けい",
"3": "stem or continuative form",
"rom": "ren'yōkei"
},
"expansion": "連(れん)用(よう)形(けい) (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "欲る",
"2": "ほる",
"3": "to wish for, to desire",
"pos": ""
},
"expansion": "欲(ほ)る (horu, “to wish for, to desire”)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "欲る",
"2": "ほる",
"3": "to wish for, to desire"
},
"expansion": "連(れん)用(よう)形(けい) (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of the verb 欲(ほ)る (horu, “to wish for, to desire”).",
"name": "ja-etym-renyokei"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "する",
"2": "",
"3": "to do"
},
"expansion": "する (suru, “to do”)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "す",
"pos": "precursor to modern する (<span class=\"mention-tr tr\">suru</span>, “to do”)"
},
"expansion": "す (su, precursor to modern する (suru, “to do”))",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "欲",
"tr": "-"
},
"expansion": "欲",
"name": "zh-m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "⟨porisemu⟩"
},
"expansion": "⟨porisemu⟩",
"name": "IPAfont"
}
],
"etymology_text": "/porisu/ → /posːu/ → /posːuru/\nSound shift from classical verb 欲(ほり)す (horisu), in turn from the 連(れん)用(よう)形(けい) (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of the verb 欲(ほ)る (horu, “to wish for, to desire”). + す (su, precursor to modern する (suru, “to do”)).\nThe sense \"to attempt to\" is a calque of Classical Chinese 欲.\nFirst attested in ideographic form in the Nihon Shoki of 720, and in phonetic spelling in the Man'yōshū of 759.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "欲する",
"ruby": [
[
"欲",
"ほっ"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "hossuru",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "欲し",
"roman": "hosshi",
"ruby": [
[
"欲",
"ほっ"
]
],
"tags": [
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "欲した",
"roman": "hosshita",
"ruby": [
[
"欲",
"ほっ"
]
],
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-suru-tsu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ほっせ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "ほっし",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "ho'se",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "ho'shi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "ほっする",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "ho'suru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "ほっすれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "ho'sure",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "ほっしろ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "ほっせよ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "ho'shiro",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "ho'seyo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "ほっせられる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "ほっしられる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "ho'serareru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "ho'shirareru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "ほっしさせる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "ほっしさす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "ho'shisaseru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "ho'shisasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "ほっせられる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "ほっしられる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "ho'serareru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "ho'shirareru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "ほっしよう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "ho'shiyō",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "ほっしない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "ho'shinai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "ほっせず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "ho'sezu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "ほっします",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "ho'shimasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "ほっした",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "ho'shita",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "ほっして",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "ho'shite",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "ほっすれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "ho'sureba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ほっする",
"tr": "trans",
"type": "suru"
},
"expansion": "欲(ほっ)する • (hossuru) transitive suru (stem 欲(ほっ)し (hosshi), past 欲(ほっ)した (hosshita))",
"name": "ja-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "hoshii",
"ruby": [
[
"欲",
"ほ"
]
],
"word": "欲しい"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "hoshigaru",
"ruby": [
[
"欲",
"ほ"
]
],
"word": "欲しがる"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "nozomu",
"word": "のぞむ"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "54 46",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with 1 kanji",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "desire one's goal",
"roman": "mokuteki o hossuru",
"ruby": [
[
"目的",
"もくてき"
],
[
"欲",
"ほっ"
]
],
"text": "目的を欲する",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to want, to desire"
],
"id": "en-欲する-ja-verb-DxcqCuGQ",
"links": [
[
"want",
"want"
],
[
"desire",
"desire"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "19 81",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 67",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with manual fragments",
"parents": [
"Links with manual fragments",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 79",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 79",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "54 46",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with 1 kanji",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 80",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 67",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 86",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "(idiom) to shoot the general, first shoot his horse",
"roman": "shō o in to hossureba mazu uma o iyo",
"ruby": [
[
"将",
"しょう"
],
[
"射",
"い"
],
[
"欲",
"ほっ"
],
[
"馬",
"うま"
],
[
"射",
"い"
]
],
"text": "将を射んと欲すればまず馬を射よ",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"in the form んと欲す (-n to hossu) (after the 未然形 (mizenkei, “incomplete form”) of a verb): to attempt to"
],
"id": "en-欲する-ja-verb-0JqKq4R3",
"links": [
[
"ん",
"ん#Japanese"
],
[
"未然形",
"未然形#Japanese"
],
[
"attempt",
"attempt"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(literary) in the form んと欲す (-n to hossu) (after the 未然形 (mizenkei, “incomplete form”) of a verb): to attempt to"
],
"tags": [
"literary"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "ほっする"
},
{
"other": "ほっする"
},
{
"ipa": "[ho̞sːɨɾɯ̟]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Daijisen#Online_search_engines",
"Kōjien",
"Man'yōshū",
"Nihon Kokugo Daijiten",
"Nihon Shoki",
"Shinmura Izuru"
],
"word": "欲する"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with manual fragments",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese suru verbs",
"Japanese terms spelled with sixth grade kanji",
"Japanese terms with 1 kanji",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Japanese transitive verbs",
"Japanese verbs",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "/porisu/"
},
"expansion": "/porisu/",
"name": "IPAfont"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "/posːu/"
},
"expansion": "/posːu/",
"name": "IPAfont"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "/posːuru/"
},
"expansion": "/posːuru/",
"name": "IPAfont"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "欲す",
"2": "ほりす"
},
"expansion": "欲(ほり)す (horisu)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "連%用%形",
"2": "れん%よう%けい",
"3": "stem or continuative form",
"rom": "ren'yōkei"
},
"expansion": "連(れん)用(よう)形(けい) (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "欲る",
"2": "ほる",
"3": "to wish for, to desire",
"pos": ""
},
"expansion": "欲(ほ)る (horu, “to wish for, to desire”)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "欲る",
"2": "ほる",
"3": "to wish for, to desire"
},
"expansion": "連(れん)用(よう)形(けい) (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of the verb 欲(ほ)る (horu, “to wish for, to desire”).",
"name": "ja-etym-renyokei"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "する",
"2": "",
"3": "to do"
},
"expansion": "する (suru, “to do”)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "す",
"pos": "precursor to modern する (<span class=\"mention-tr tr\">suru</span>, “to do”)"
},
"expansion": "す (su, precursor to modern する (suru, “to do”))",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "欲",
"tr": "-"
},
"expansion": "欲",
"name": "zh-m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "⟨porisemu⟩"
},
"expansion": "⟨porisemu⟩",
"name": "IPAfont"
}
],
"etymology_text": "/porisu/ → /posːu/ → /posːuru/\nSound shift from classical verb 欲(ほり)す (horisu), in turn from the 連(れん)用(よう)形(けい) (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of the verb 欲(ほ)る (horu, “to wish for, to desire”). + す (su, precursor to modern する (suru, “to do”)).\nThe sense \"to attempt to\" is a calque of Classical Chinese 欲.\nFirst attested in ideographic form in the Nihon Shoki of 720, and in phonetic spelling in the Man'yōshū of 759.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "欲する",
"ruby": [
[
"欲",
"ほっ"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "hossuru",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "欲し",
"roman": "hosshi",
"ruby": [
[
"欲",
"ほっ"
]
],
"tags": [
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "欲した",
"roman": "hosshita",
"ruby": [
[
"欲",
"ほっ"
]
],
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-suru-tsu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ほっせ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "ほっし",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "ho'se",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "ho'shi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "ほっする",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "ho'suru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "ほっすれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "ho'sure",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "ほっしろ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "ほっせよ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "ho'shiro",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "ho'seyo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "ほっせられる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "ほっしられる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "ho'serareru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "ho'shirareru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "ほっしさせる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "ほっしさす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "ho'shisaseru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "ho'shisasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "ほっせられる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "ほっしられる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "ho'serareru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "ho'shirareru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "ほっしよう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "ho'shiyō",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "ほっしない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "ho'shinai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "ほっせず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "ho'sezu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "ほっします",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "ho'shimasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "ほっした",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "ho'shita",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "ほっして",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "ho'shite",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "ほっすれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "ho'sureba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ほっする",
"tr": "trans",
"type": "suru"
},
"expansion": "欲(ほっ)する • (hossuru) transitive suru (stem 欲(ほっ)し (hosshi), past 欲(ほっ)した (hosshita))",
"name": "ja-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"roman": "hoshii",
"ruby": [
[
"欲",
"ほ"
]
],
"word": "欲しい"
},
{
"roman": "hoshigaru",
"ruby": [
[
"欲",
"ほ"
]
],
"word": "欲しがる"
},
{
"roman": "nozomu",
"word": "のぞむ"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "desire one's goal",
"roman": "mokuteki o hossuru",
"ruby": [
[
"目的",
"もくてき"
],
[
"欲",
"ほっ"
]
],
"text": "目的を欲する",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to want, to desire"
],
"links": [
[
"want",
"want"
],
[
"desire",
"desire"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Japanese literary terms",
"Japanese terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "(idiom) to shoot the general, first shoot his horse",
"roman": "shō o in to hossureba mazu uma o iyo",
"ruby": [
[
"将",
"しょう"
],
[
"射",
"い"
],
[
"欲",
"ほっ"
],
[
"馬",
"うま"
],
[
"射",
"い"
]
],
"text": "将を射んと欲すればまず馬を射よ",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"in the form んと欲す (-n to hossu) (after the 未然形 (mizenkei, “incomplete form”) of a verb): to attempt to"
],
"links": [
[
"ん",
"ん#Japanese"
],
[
"未然形",
"未然形#Japanese"
],
[
"attempt",
"attempt"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(literary) in the form んと欲す (-n to hossu) (after the 未然形 (mizenkei, “incomplete form”) of a verb): to attempt to"
],
"tags": [
"literary"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "ほっする"
},
{
"other": "ほっする"
},
{
"ipa": "[ho̞sːɨɾɯ̟]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Daijisen#Online_search_engines",
"Kōjien",
"Man'yōshū",
"Nihon Kokugo Daijiten",
"Nihon Shoki",
"Shinmura Izuru"
],
"word": "欲する"
}
Download raw JSONL data for 欲する meaning in Japanese (7.7kB)
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"欲する"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "欲する",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Mizenkei (\"imperfective\")'",
"path": [
"欲する"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "欲する",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Ren’yōkei (\"continuative\")'",
"path": [
"欲する"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "欲する",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Shūshikei (\"terminal\")'",
"path": [
"欲する"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "欲する",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Rentaikei (\"attributive\")'",
"path": [
"欲する"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "欲する",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Kateikei (\"hypothetical\")'",
"path": [
"欲する"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "欲する",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Meireikei (\"imperative\")'",
"path": [
"欲する"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "欲する",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Japanese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-01 using wiktextract (f889f65 and 8fbd9e8). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.