See 手向かう in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "手",
"3": "向かう"
},
"expansion": "手 + 向かう",
"name": "com"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Compound of 手 + 向かう, literally \"to face (someone) with hand\"",
"forms": [
{
"form": "手向かう",
"ruby": [
[
"手",
"て"
],
[
"向",
"む"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "temukau",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "手向かい",
"roman": "temukai",
"ruby": [
[
"手",
"て"
],
[
"向",
"む"
]
],
"tags": [
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "手向かった",
"roman": "temukatta",
"ruby": [
[
"手",
"て"
],
[
"向",
"む"
]
],
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-go-u",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "手向かわ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "てむかわ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "temukawa",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "手向かい",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "てむかい",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "temukai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "手向かう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "てむかう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "temukau",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "手向かえ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "てむかえ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "temukae",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "手向かわれる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "てむかわれる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "temukawareru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "手向かわせる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "手向かわす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "てむかわせる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "てむかわす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "temukawaseru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "temukawasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "手向かえる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "てむかえる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "temukaeru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "手向かおう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "てむかおう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "temukaō",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "手向かわない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "てむかわない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "temukawanai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "手向かわず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "てむかわず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "temukawazu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "手向かいます",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "てむかいます",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "temukaimasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "手向かった",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "てむかった",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "temukatta",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "手向かって",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "てむかって",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "temukatte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "手向かえば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "てむかえば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "temukaeba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "てむかう",
"tr": "intrans",
"type": "1"
},
"expansion": "手(て)向(む)かう • (temukau) intransitive godan (stem 手(て)向(む)かい (temukai), past 手(て)向(む)かった (temukatta))",
"name": "ja-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese godan verbs ending with -u",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with manual fragments",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with 2 kanji",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with Nakadaka pitch accent (Tōkyō)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
14,
20
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
20,
27
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
6,
10
]
],
"english": "to be able to resist a strong opponent",
"roman": "kyōryoku na aite ni temukau koto ga dekiru",
"ruby": [
[
"強力",
"きょうりょく"
],
[
"相手",
"あいて"
],
[
"手向",
"てむ"
]
],
"text": "強力な相手に手向かうことができる",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to resist"
],
"id": "en-手向かう-ja-verb-445Qeq6x",
"links": [
[
"resist",
"resist"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(idiomatic) to resist"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "反抗する"
},
{
"word": "歯向かう"
},
{
"word": "逆らう"
}
],
"tags": [
"idiomatic"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "てむかう"
},
{
"ipa": "[te̞mɯ̟ka̠ɯ̟]"
}
],
"word": "手向かう"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "手",
"3": "向かう"
},
"expansion": "手 + 向かう",
"name": "com"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Compound of 手 + 向かう, literally \"to face (someone) with hand\"",
"forms": [
{
"form": "手向かう",
"ruby": [
[
"手",
"て"
],
[
"向",
"む"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "temukau",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "手向かい",
"roman": "temukai",
"ruby": [
[
"手",
"て"
],
[
"向",
"む"
]
],
"tags": [
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "手向かった",
"roman": "temukatta",
"ruby": [
[
"手",
"て"
],
[
"向",
"む"
]
],
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-go-u",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "手向かわ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "てむかわ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "temukawa",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "手向かい",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "てむかい",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "temukai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "手向かう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "てむかう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "temukau",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "手向かえ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "てむかえ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "temukae",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "手向かわれる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "てむかわれる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "temukawareru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "手向かわせる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "手向かわす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "てむかわせる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "てむかわす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "temukawaseru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "temukawasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "手向かえる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "てむかえる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "temukaeru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "手向かおう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "てむかおう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "temukaō",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "手向かわない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "てむかわない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "temukawanai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "手向かわず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "てむかわず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "temukawazu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "手向かいます",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "てむかいます",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "temukaimasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "手向かった",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "てむかった",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "temukatta",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "手向かって",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "てむかって",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "temukatte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "手向かえば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "てむかえば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "temukaeba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "てむかう",
"tr": "intrans",
"type": "1"
},
"expansion": "手(て)向(む)かう • (temukau) intransitive godan (stem 手(て)向(む)かい (temukai), past 手(て)向(む)かった (temukatta))",
"name": "ja-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Japanese compound terms",
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese godan verbs",
"Japanese godan verbs ending with -u",
"Japanese idioms",
"Japanese intransitive verbs",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with manual fragments",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese terms spelled with first grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with third grade kanji",
"Japanese terms with 2 kanji",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with Nakadaka pitch accent (Tōkyō)",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with usage examples",
"Japanese verbs",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
14,
20
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
20,
27
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
6,
10
]
],
"english": "to be able to resist a strong opponent",
"roman": "kyōryoku na aite ni temukau koto ga dekiru",
"ruby": [
[
"強力",
"きょうりょく"
],
[
"相手",
"あいて"
],
[
"手向",
"てむ"
]
],
"text": "強力な相手に手向かうことができる",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to resist"
],
"links": [
[
"resist",
"resist"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(idiomatic) to resist"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "反抗する"
},
{
"word": "歯向かう"
},
{
"word": "逆らう"
}
],
"tags": [
"idiomatic"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "てむかう"
},
{
"ipa": "[te̞mɯ̟ka̠ɯ̟]"
}
],
"word": "手向かう"
}
Download raw JSONL data for 手向かう meaning in Japanese (6.0kB)
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"手向かう"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "手向かう",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Mizenkei (\"imperfective\")'",
"path": [
"手向かう"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "手向かう",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Ren’yōkei (\"continuative\")'",
"path": [
"手向かう"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "手向かう",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Shūshikei (\"terminal\")'",
"path": [
"手向かう"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "手向かう",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Rentaikei (\"attributive\")'",
"path": [
"手向かう"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "手向かう",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Kateikei (\"hypothetical\")'",
"path": [
"手向かう"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "手向かう",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Meireikei (\"imperative\")'",
"path": [
"手向かう"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "手向かう",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Japanese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-08-12 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-08-02 using wiktextract (7cef23e and 3c020d2). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.