"寒" meaning in Japanese

See in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Affix

IPA: [kã̠ɴ] Forms: [canonical] (ruby: (かん)), kan [romanization]
Etymology: From Middle Chinese 寒 (MC han). The basic cold sense as an affix is attested from some of the earliest texts in the 700s CE. Use as an independent noun is first attested in a text from roughly 900 CE. Etymology templates: {{der|ja|ltc|-|sort=かん}} Middle Chinese, {{ltc-l|寒}} 寒 (MC han), {{m|en|cold}} cold, {{C.E.|nodots=1}} CE, {{CE}} CE, {{C.E.|nodots=1}} CE, {{CE}} CE Head templates: {{ja-pos|affix|かん}} 寒(かん) • (kan)
  1. cold, chilly
    Sense id: en-寒-ja-affix-fpF7oGvQ
  2. (by extension) poor, poverty-stricken Tags: broadly
    Sense id: en-寒-ja-affix-Gbq83Oes Categories (other): Japanese affixes, Japanese entries with incorrect language header, Japanese links with redundant wikilinks, Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations, Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys, Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys Disambiguation of Japanese affixes: 6 49 6 0 31 7 Disambiguation of Japanese entries with incorrect language header: 3 81 2 0 12 2 Disambiguation of Japanese links with redundant wikilinks: 4 83 3 0 7 3 Disambiguation of Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations: 4 85 2 0 7 2 Disambiguation of Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys: 4 85 2 0 6 2 Disambiguation of Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys: 4 84 2 0 7 3
  3. midwinter, cold season
    Sense id: en-寒-ja-affix-c3AgjEU-
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Derived forms: 寒気 (kanki) (ruby: 寒気(かんき)), 寒暑 (kansho) (ruby: 寒暑(かんしょ)), 寒風 (kanpū) (ruby: 寒風(かんぷう)), 寒冷 (kanrei) (ruby: 寒冷(かんれい)), 悪寒 (okan) (ruby: 悪寒(おかん)), 厳寒 (genkan) (ruby: 厳寒(げんかん)), 向寒 (kōkan) (ruby: 向寒(こうかん)), 春寒 (shunkan) (ruby: 春寒(しゅんかん)), 避寒 (hikan) (ruby: 避寒(ひかん)), 防寒 (bōkan) (ruby: 防寒(ぼうかん)), 寒村 (kanson) (ruby: 寒村(かんそん)), 貧寒 (hinkan) (ruby: 貧寒(ひんかん)), 寒心 (kanshin) (ruby: 寒心(かんしん)), 寒中 (kanchū) (ruby: 寒中(かんちゅう)), 小寒 (shōkan) (ruby: 小寒(しょうかん)), 大寒 (daikan) (ruby: 大寒(だいかん)), 寒鴉 (kan'a) (ruby: 寒鴉(かんあ)), 寒菊 (kangiku) (ruby: 寒菊(かんぎく))

Character

  1. cold Tags: grade-3-kanji, kanji
    Sense id: en-寒-ja-character-4nLe7N5y Categories (other): Grade 3 kanji, Japanese terms with redundant transliterations

Noun

IPA: [kã̠ɴ] Forms: [canonical] (ruby: (かん)), kan [romanization]
Etymology: From Middle Chinese 寒 (MC han). The basic cold sense as an affix is attested from some of the earliest texts in the 700s CE. Use as an independent noun is first attested in a text from roughly 900 CE. Etymology templates: {{der|ja|ltc|-|sort=かん}} Middle Chinese, {{ltc-l|寒}} 寒 (MC han), {{m|en|cold}} cold, {{C.E.|nodots=1}} CE, {{CE}} CE, {{C.E.|nodots=1}} CE, {{CE}} CE Head templates: {{ja-noun|かん}} 寒(かん) • (kan)
  1. cold, coldness
    Sense id: en-寒-ja-noun-Kp93b3qM
  2. midwinter, cold season
    Sense id: en-寒-ja-noun-c3AgjEU-

Download JSON data for 寒 meaning in Japanese (6.7kB)

{
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "character",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Grade 3 kanji",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with redundant transliterations",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with redundant transliterations",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "cold"
      ],
      "id": "en-寒-ja-character-4nLe7N5y",
      "links": [
        [
          "cold",
          "cold"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "grade-3-kanji",
        "kanji"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Kyūjitai",
    "Shinjitai",
    "Tōkyō"
  ],
  "word": "寒"
}

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "roman": "kanki",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "寒気",
          "かんき"
        ]
      ],
      "word": "寒気"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "roman": "kansho",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "寒暑",
          "かんしょ"
        ]
      ],
      "word": "寒暑"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "roman": "kanpū",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "寒風",
          "かんぷう"
        ]
      ],
      "word": "寒風"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "roman": "kanrei",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "寒冷",
          "かんれい"
        ]
      ],
      "word": "寒冷"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "roman": "okan",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "悪寒",
          "おかん"
        ]
      ],
      "word": "悪寒"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "roman": "genkan",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "厳寒",
          "げんかん"
        ]
      ],
      "word": "厳寒"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "roman": "kōkan",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "向寒",
          "こうかん"
        ]
      ],
      "word": "向寒"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "roman": "shunkan",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "春寒",
          "しゅんかん"
        ]
      ],
      "word": "春寒"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "roman": "hikan",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "避寒",
          "ひかん"
        ]
      ],
      "word": "避寒"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "roman": "bōkan",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "防寒",
          "ぼうかん"
        ]
      ],
      "word": "防寒"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "roman": "kanson",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "寒村",
          "かんそん"
        ]
      ],
      "word": "寒村"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "roman": "hinkan",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "貧寒",
          "ひんかん"
        ]
      ],
      "word": "貧寒"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "roman": "kanshin",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "寒心",
          "かんしん"
        ]
      ],
      "word": "寒心"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "roman": "kanchū",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "寒中",
          "かんちゅう"
        ]
      ],
      "word": "寒中"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "roman": "shōkan",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "小寒",
          "しょうかん"
        ]
      ],
      "word": "小寒"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "roman": "daikan",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "大寒",
          "だいかん"
        ]
      ],
      "word": "大寒"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "roman": "kan'a",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "寒鴉",
          "かんあ"
        ]
      ],
      "word": "寒鴉"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "roman": "kangiku",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "寒菊",
          "かんぎく"
        ]
      ],
      "word": "寒菊"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "ltc",
        "3": "-",
        "sort": "かん"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Chinese",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "寒"
      },
      "expansion": "寒 (MC han)",
      "name": "ltc-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "cold"
      },
      "expansion": "cold",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "nodots": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "CE",
      "name": "C.E."
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "CE",
      "name": "CE"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "nodots": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "CE",
      "name": "C.E."
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "CE",
      "name": "CE"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle Chinese 寒 (MC han).\nThe basic cold sense as an affix is attested from some of the earliest texts in the 700s CE. Use as an independent noun is first attested in a text from roughly 900 CE.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "寒",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "寒",
          "かん"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kan",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "affix",
        "2": "かん"
      },
      "expansion": "寒(かん) • (kan)",
      "name": "ja-pos"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "affix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "cold, chilly"
      ],
      "id": "en-寒-ja-affix-fpF7oGvQ",
      "links": [
        [
          "cold",
          "cold"
        ],
        [
          "chilly",
          "chilly"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "6 49 6 0 31 7",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese affixes",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "3 81 2 0 12 2",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "4 83 3 0 7 3",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant wikilinks",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "4 85 2 0 7 2",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "4 85 2 0 6 2",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "4 84 2 0 7 3",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with redundant sortkeys",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "poor, poverty-stricken"
      ],
      "id": "en-寒-ja-affix-Gbq83Oes",
      "links": [
        [
          "poor",
          "poor"
        ],
        [
          "poverty-stricken",
          "poverty-stricken"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(by extension) poor, poverty-stricken"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "broadly"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "midwinter, cold season"
      ],
      "id": "en-寒-ja-affix-c3AgjEU-",
      "links": [
        [
          "midwinter",
          "midwinter"
        ],
        [
          "cold",
          "cold"
        ],
        [
          "season",
          "season"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "other": "かん"
    },
    {
      "other": "かん"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[kã̠ɴ]"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Kyūjitai",
    "Shinjitai",
    "Tōkyō"
  ],
  "word": "寒"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "ltc",
        "3": "-",
        "sort": "かん"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Chinese",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "寒"
      },
      "expansion": "寒 (MC han)",
      "name": "ltc-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "cold"
      },
      "expansion": "cold",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "nodots": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "CE",
      "name": "C.E."
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "CE",
      "name": "CE"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "nodots": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "CE",
      "name": "C.E."
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "CE",
      "name": "CE"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle Chinese 寒 (MC han).\nThe basic cold sense as an affix is attested from some of the earliest texts in the 700s CE. Use as an independent noun is first attested in a text from roughly 900 CE.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "寒",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "寒",
          "かん"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kan",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "かん"
      },
      "expansion": "寒(かん) • (kan)",
      "name": "ja-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "cold, coldness"
      ],
      "id": "en-寒-ja-noun-Kp93b3qM",
      "links": [
        [
          "cold",
          "cold"
        ],
        [
          "coldness",
          "coldness"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "a haiku by Matsuo Bashō",
          "roman": "Salted salmon too, also Kūya's thinning too, in the cold season",
          "ruby": [
            [
              "干",
              "かん"
            ],
            [
              "鮭",
              "ざけ"
            ],
            [
              "空",
              "くう"
            ],
            [
              "也",
              "や"
            ],
            [
              "痩",
              "やせ"
            ],
            [
              "寒",
              "かん"
            ],
            [
              "内",
              "うち"
            ]
          ],
          "text": "干鮭も 空也の痩も 寒の内\nkanzake mo Kūya no yase mo kan no uchi"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "midwinter, cold season"
      ],
      "id": "en-寒-ja-noun-c3AgjEU-",
      "links": [
        [
          "midwinter",
          "midwinter"
        ],
        [
          "cold",
          "cold"
        ],
        [
          "season",
          "season"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "other": "かん"
    },
    {
      "other": "かん"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[kã̠ɴ]"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Kyūjitai",
    "Shinjitai",
    "Tōkyō"
  ],
  "word": "寒"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Foreign word of the day archive",
    "Foreign words of the day in Japanese",
    "Grade 3 kanji",
    "Japanese Han characters",
    "Japanese affixes",
    "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
    "Japanese kanji with goon reading がん",
    "Japanese kanji with kan'on reading かん",
    "Japanese kanji with kun reading いや-しい",
    "Japanese kanji with kun reading さび-しい",
    "Japanese kanji with kun reading さむ-い",
    "Japanese kanji with kun reading まず-しい",
    "Japanese kanji with nanori reading さ",
    "Japanese kanji with nanori reading さん",
    "Japanese lemmas",
    "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
    "Japanese nouns",
    "Japanese single-kanji terms",
    "Japanese terms derived from Middle Chinese",
    "Japanese terms spelled with third grade kanji",
    "Japanese terms spelled with 寒",
    "Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
    "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
    "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
    "Japanese terms with redundant transliterations",
    "Japanese terms written with one Han script character"
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "character",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "cold"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "cold",
          "cold"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "grade-3-kanji",
        "kanji"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Kyūjitai",
    "Shinjitai",
    "Tōkyō"
  ],
  "word": "寒"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Japanese affixes",
    "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
    "Japanese lemmas",
    "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
    "Japanese nouns",
    "Japanese single-kanji terms",
    "Japanese terms derived from Middle Chinese",
    "Japanese terms spelled with third grade kanji",
    "Japanese terms spelled with 寒",
    "Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
    "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
    "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
    "Japanese terms written with one Han script character"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "roman": "kanki",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "寒気",
          "かんき"
        ]
      ],
      "word": "寒気"
    },
    {
      "roman": "kansho",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "寒暑",
          "かんしょ"
        ]
      ],
      "word": "寒暑"
    },
    {
      "roman": "kanpū",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "寒風",
          "かんぷう"
        ]
      ],
      "word": "寒風"
    },
    {
      "roman": "kanrei",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "寒冷",
          "かんれい"
        ]
      ],
      "word": "寒冷"
    },
    {
      "roman": "okan",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "悪寒",
          "おかん"
        ]
      ],
      "word": "悪寒"
    },
    {
      "roman": "genkan",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "厳寒",
          "げんかん"
        ]
      ],
      "word": "厳寒"
    },
    {
      "roman": "kōkan",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "向寒",
          "こうかん"
        ]
      ],
      "word": "向寒"
    },
    {
      "roman": "shunkan",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "春寒",
          "しゅんかん"
        ]
      ],
      "word": "春寒"
    },
    {
      "roman": "hikan",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "避寒",
          "ひかん"
        ]
      ],
      "word": "避寒"
    },
    {
      "roman": "bōkan",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "防寒",
          "ぼうかん"
        ]
      ],
      "word": "防寒"
    },
    {
      "roman": "kanson",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "寒村",
          "かんそん"
        ]
      ],
      "word": "寒村"
    },
    {
      "roman": "hinkan",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "貧寒",
          "ひんかん"
        ]
      ],
      "word": "貧寒"
    },
    {
      "roman": "kanshin",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "寒心",
          "かんしん"
        ]
      ],
      "word": "寒心"
    },
    {
      "roman": "kanchū",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "寒中",
          "かんちゅう"
        ]
      ],
      "word": "寒中"
    },
    {
      "roman": "shōkan",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "小寒",
          "しょうかん"
        ]
      ],
      "word": "小寒"
    },
    {
      "roman": "daikan",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "大寒",
          "だいかん"
        ]
      ],
      "word": "大寒"
    },
    {
      "roman": "kan'a",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "寒鴉",
          "かんあ"
        ]
      ],
      "word": "寒鴉"
    },
    {
      "roman": "kangiku",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "寒菊",
          "かんぎく"
        ]
      ],
      "word": "寒菊"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "ltc",
        "3": "-",
        "sort": "かん"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Chinese",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "寒"
      },
      "expansion": "寒 (MC han)",
      "name": "ltc-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "cold"
      },
      "expansion": "cold",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "nodots": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "CE",
      "name": "C.E."
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "CE",
      "name": "CE"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "nodots": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "CE",
      "name": "C.E."
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "CE",
      "name": "CE"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle Chinese 寒 (MC han).\nThe basic cold sense as an affix is attested from some of the earliest texts in the 700s CE. Use as an independent noun is first attested in a text from roughly 900 CE.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "寒",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "寒",
          "かん"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kan",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "affix",
        "2": "かん"
      },
      "expansion": "寒(かん) • (kan)",
      "name": "ja-pos"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "affix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "cold, chilly"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "cold",
          "cold"
        ],
        [
          "chilly",
          "chilly"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "poor, poverty-stricken"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "poor",
          "poor"
        ],
        [
          "poverty-stricken",
          "poverty-stricken"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(by extension) poor, poverty-stricken"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "broadly"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "midwinter, cold season"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "midwinter",
          "midwinter"
        ],
        [
          "cold",
          "cold"
        ],
        [
          "season",
          "season"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "other": "かん"
    },
    {
      "other": "かん"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[kã̠ɴ]"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Kyūjitai",
    "Shinjitai",
    "Tōkyō"
  ],
  "word": "寒"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Japanese affixes",
    "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
    "Japanese lemmas",
    "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
    "Japanese nouns",
    "Japanese single-kanji terms",
    "Japanese terms derived from Middle Chinese",
    "Japanese terms spelled with third grade kanji",
    "Japanese terms spelled with 寒",
    "Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
    "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
    "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
    "Japanese terms written with one Han script character"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "ltc",
        "3": "-",
        "sort": "かん"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Chinese",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "寒"
      },
      "expansion": "寒 (MC han)",
      "name": "ltc-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "cold"
      },
      "expansion": "cold",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "nodots": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "CE",
      "name": "C.E."
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "CE",
      "name": "CE"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "nodots": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "CE",
      "name": "C.E."
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "CE",
      "name": "CE"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle Chinese 寒 (MC han).\nThe basic cold sense as an affix is attested from some of the earliest texts in the 700s CE. Use as an independent noun is first attested in a text from roughly 900 CE.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "寒",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "寒",
          "かん"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kan",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "かん"
      },
      "expansion": "寒(かん) • (kan)",
      "name": "ja-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "cold, coldness"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "cold",
          "cold"
        ],
        [
          "coldness",
          "coldness"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Japanese terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "a haiku by Matsuo Bashō",
          "roman": "Salted salmon too, also Kūya's thinning too, in the cold season",
          "ruby": [
            [
              "干",
              "かん"
            ],
            [
              "鮭",
              "ざけ"
            ],
            [
              "空",
              "くう"
            ],
            [
              "也",
              "や"
            ],
            [
              "痩",
              "やせ"
            ],
            [
              "寒",
              "かん"
            ],
            [
              "内",
              "うち"
            ]
          ],
          "text": "干鮭も 空也の痩も 寒の内\nkanzake mo Kūya no yase mo kan no uchi"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "midwinter, cold season"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "midwinter",
          "midwinter"
        ],
        [
          "cold",
          "cold"
        ],
        [
          "season",
          "season"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "other": "かん"
    },
    {
      "other": "かん"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[kã̠ɴ]"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Kyūjitai",
    "Shinjitai",
    "Tōkyō"
  ],
  "word": "寒"
}
{
  "called_from": "parser/1336",
  "msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
  "path": [
    "寒"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "affix",
  "title": "寒",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "parser/1336",
  "msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
  "path": [
    "寒"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "寒",
  "trace": ""
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Japanese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (8203a16 and 304864d). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.