See 夏 in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for 夏 meaning in Japanese (17.3kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "Kaka",
"ruby": [
[
"華夏",
"かか"
]
],
"word": "華夏"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "geshi",
"ruby": [
[
"夏時",
"げし"
]
],
"word": "夏時"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"english": "Xia Dynasty",
"roman": "Kachō",
"ruby": [
[
"夏朝",
"かちょう"
]
],
"word": "夏朝"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"english": "summer fires, winter fans; useless things",
"roman": "karotōsen",
"ruby": [
[
"夏炉冬扇",
"かろとうせん"
]
],
"word": "夏炉冬扇"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "geshi",
"ruby": [
[
"夏至",
"げし"
]
],
"word": "夏至"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "夏臘"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "gerō",
"word": "夏﨟"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"english": "last summer",
"roman": "sakka",
"ruby": [
[
"昨夏",
"さっか"
]
],
"word": "昨夏"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "shunkashūtō",
"ruby": [
[
"春夏秋冬",
"しゅんかしゅうとう"
]
],
"word": "春夏秋冬"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"english": "beginning summer",
"roman": "shoka",
"ruby": [
[
"初夏",
"しょか"
]
],
"word": "初夏"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "消夏"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "shōka",
"word": "銷夏"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "seika",
"ruby": [
[
"盛夏",
"せいか"
]
],
"word": "盛夏"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "tōsenkaro",
"ruby": [
[
"冬扇夏炉",
"とうせんかろ"
]
],
"word": "冬扇夏炉"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"english": "ending summer",
"roman": "banka",
"ruby": [
[
"晩夏",
"ばんか"
]
],
"word": "晩夏"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "mōka",
"ruby": [
[
"孟夏",
"もうか"
]
],
"word": "孟夏"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"english": "first day of summer",
"roman": "rikka",
"ruby": [
[
"立夏",
"りっか"
]
],
"word": "立夏"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "reika",
"ruby": [
[
"冷夏",
"れいか"
]
],
"word": "冷夏"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "gege",
"ruby": [
[
"解夏",
"げげ"
]
],
"word": "解夏"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "ketsuge",
"ruby": [
[
"結",
"けつ"
],
[
"夏",
"げ"
]
],
"word": "結夏"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "hange",
"ruby": [
[
"半夏",
"はんげ"
]
],
"word": "半夏"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"summer"
],
"id": "en-夏-ja-character-6DZkJVxp",
"links": [
[
"summer",
"summer"
]
],
"tags": [
"grade-2-kanji",
"kanji"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 14 2 8 3 18 14 14 3 7 0 17",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "ja",
"name": "Calendar",
"orig": "ja:Calendar",
"parents": [
"Timekeeping",
"Time",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Xia dynasty"
],
"id": "en-夏-ja-character-M9fZ0zVr",
"links": [
[
"Xia",
"Xia"
],
[
"dynasty",
"dynasty"
]
],
"tags": [
"grade-2-kanji",
"kanji"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "26 27 47",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Grade 2 kanji",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 30 70",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"China"
],
"id": "en-夏-ja-character-EENoKQMv",
"links": [
[
"China",
"China"
]
],
"tags": [
"grade-2-kanji",
"kanji"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Xia Dynasty"
],
"word": "夏"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"lang": "ja"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "wp"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Summer"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "wp"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ojp",
"3": "-",
"sort": "なつ"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "jpx-pro",
"3": "*natu",
"sort": "なつ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Japonic *natu",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "/natu/ → /nat͡su/\nFrom Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *natu.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "夏",
"ruby": [
[
"夏",
"なつ"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "natsu",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "なつ"
},
"expansion": "夏(なつ) • (natsu)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"proverbs": [
{
"roman": "natsu utau mono wa fuyu naku",
"ruby": [
[
"夏",
"なつ"
],
[
"歌",
"うた"
],
[
"者",
"もの"
],
[
"冬",
"ふゆ"
],
[
"泣",
"な"
]
],
"word": "夏歌う者は冬泣く"
},
{
"roman": "natsu no kosode",
"ruby": [
[
"夏",
"なつ"
],
[
"小",
"こ"
],
[
"袖",
"そで"
]
],
"word": "夏の小袖"
},
{
"roman": "natsu mo kosode",
"ruby": [
[
"夏",
"なつ"
],
[
"小",
"こ"
],
[
"袖",
"そで"
]
],
"word": "夏も小袖"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"derived": [
{
"roman": "natsuakane",
"ruby": [
[
"夏",
"ナツ"
],
[
"茜",
"アカネ"
]
],
"word": "夏茜"
},
{
"roman": "Natsui",
"ruby": [
[
"夏",
"なつ"
],
[
"井",
"い"
]
],
"word": "夏井"
},
{
"roman": "natsuinu",
"ruby": [
[
"夏犬",
"なついぬ"
]
],
"word": "夏犬"
},
{
"roman": "natsu uguisu",
"ruby": [
[
"夏",
"なつ"
],
[
"鶯",
"うぐいす"
]
],
"word": "夏鶯"
},
{
"roman": "natsuuri",
"ruby": [
[
"夏瓜",
"ナツウリ"
]
],
"word": "夏瓜"
},
{
"roman": "natsuobi",
"ruby": [
[
"夏帯",
"なつおび"
]
],
"word": "夏帯"
},
{
"roman": "natsukusa",
"ruby": [
[
"夏草",
"なつくさ"
]
],
"word": "夏草"
},
{
"word": "夏茱萸"
},
{
"roman": "natsugumi",
"word": "夏胡頽子"
},
{
"roman": "Nagoshi no Harae",
"word": "夏越しの祓"
},
{
"roman": "Nagoshi",
"word": "夏越し"
},
{
"roman": "natsuzemi",
"ruby": [
[
"夏蝉",
"なつぜみ"
]
],
"word": "夏蝉"
},
{
"roman": "natsudori",
"ruby": [
[
"夏鳥",
"なつどり"
]
],
"word": "夏鳥"
},
{
"english": "summertime",
"roman": "natsuba",
"ruby": [
[
"夏",
"なつ"
],
[
"場",
"ば"
]
],
"word": "夏場"
},
{
"roman": "natsufukashi",
"ruby": [
[
"夏深",
"なつふか"
]
],
"word": "夏深し"
},
{
"word": "夏祭"
},
{
"roman": "natsu-matsuri",
"word": "夏祭り"
},
{
"english": "jujube",
"roman": "natsume",
"ruby": [
[
"棗",
"ナツメ"
]
],
"word": "棗"
},
{
"word": "夏休"
},
{
"english": "summer break",
"roman": "natsuyasumi",
"word": "夏休み"
},
{
"roman": "natsuyama",
"ruby": [
[
"夏山",
"なつやま"
]
],
"word": "夏山"
},
{
"roman": "Natsu no Daisankaku",
"word": "夏の大三角"
},
{
"roman": "Natsu no Daisankakkei",
"word": "夏の大三角形"
},
{
"roman": "tokonatsu",
"ruby": [
[
"常夏",
"とこなつ"
]
],
"word": "常夏"
},
{
"english": "midsummer",
"roman": "manatsu",
"ruby": [
[
"真",
"ま"
],
[
"夏",
"なつ"
]
],
"word": "真夏"
},
{
"english": "next summer",
"roman": "yokunatsu",
"ruby": [
[
"翌夏",
"よくなつ"
]
],
"word": "翌夏"
}
],
"glosses": [
"summer (season)"
],
"hyponyms": [
{
"word": "初夏"
},
{
"word": "真夏"
}
],
"id": "en-夏-ja-noun-HqDf6HYL",
"links": [
[
"summer",
"summer"
],
[
"season",
"season#English"
]
],
"related": [
{
"english": "spring; spring; spring period",
"roman": "shunki",
"ruby": [
[
"春",
"はる"
],
[
"春",
"しゅん"
],
[
"季",
"き"
],
[
"春",
"しゅん"
],
[
"期",
"き"
]
],
"word": "春春季春期"
},
{
"english": "summer; summer; summer period",
"roman": "kaki",
"ruby": [
[
"夏",
"なつ"
],
[
"夏",
"か"
],
[
"季",
"き"
],
[
"夏",
"か"
],
[
"期",
"き"
]
],
"word": "夏夏季夏期"
},
{
"english": "fall; autumn; fall; autumn; fall period",
"roman": "shūki",
"ruby": [
[
"秋",
"あき"
],
[
"秋",
"しゅう"
],
[
"季",
"き"
],
[
"秋",
"しゅう"
],
[
"期",
"き"
]
],
"word": "秋秋季秋期"
},
{
"english": "winter; winter; winter period",
"roman": "tōki",
"ruby": [
[
"冬",
"ふゆ"
],
[
"冬",
"とう"
],
[
"季",
"き"
],
[
"冬",
"とう"
],
[
"期",
"き"
]
],
"word": "冬冬季冬期"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "夏季, 夏期"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "なつ"
},
{
"ipa": "[na̠t͡sɨᵝ]"
}
],
"word": "夏"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"lang": "ja"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "wp"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Summer"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "wp"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ojp",
"3": "-",
"sort": "なつ"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "jpx-pro",
"3": "*natu",
"sort": "なつ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Japonic *natu",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "/natu/ → /nat͡su/\nFrom Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *natu.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "夏",
"ruby": [
[
"夏",
"なつ"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "Natsu",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "proper",
"2": "なつ"
},
"expansion": "夏(なつ) • (Natsu)",
"name": "ja-pos"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"name": "Japanese female given names",
"parents": [
"Female given names",
"Given names",
"Names",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"name": "Japanese given names",
"parents": [
"Given names",
"Names",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "0 4 7 62 27 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a female given name"
],
"id": "en-夏-ja-name-pLhOhtoi",
"links": [
[
"given name",
"given name"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese surnames",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a surname"
],
"id": "en-夏-ja-name-v2O7m9sM",
"links": [
[
"surname",
"surname"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "なつ"
},
{
"ipa": "[na̠t͡sɨᵝ]"
}
],
"word": "夏"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ltc",
"3": "-",
"sort": "け'"
},
"expansion": "Middle Chinese",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "夏",
"id": "2"
},
"expansion": "夏 (MC haeH)",
"name": "ltc-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "呉音",
"3": "goon"
},
"expansion": "goon",
"name": "ll"
},
{
"args": {
"nodots": "1"
},
"expansion": "CE",
"name": "C.E."
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "CE",
"name": "CE"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "借音",
"tr": "shakuon"
},
"expansion": "借音 (shakuon)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "⟨ge₁⟩"
},
"expansion": "⟨ge₁⟩",
"name": "IPAfont"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Chinese 夏 (MC haeH). The goon reading, so likely the initial borrowing.\nAlso used in the Man'yōshū (759 CE) as 借音 (shakuon) kana for ⟨ge₁⟩.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "夏",
"ruby": [
[
"夏",
"げ"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "ge",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "げ"
},
"expansion": "夏(げ) • (ge)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "ja",
"name": "Buddhism",
"orig": "ja:Buddhism",
"parents": [
"Religion",
"Culture",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "0 14 2 8 3 18 14 14 3 7 0 17",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "ja",
"name": "Calendar",
"orig": "ja:Calendar",
"parents": [
"Timekeeping",
"Time",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "夏解"
},
{
"roman": "geaki",
"word": "夏明き"
},
{
"roman": "geango",
"ruby": [
[
"夏安居",
"げあんご"
]
],
"word": "夏安居"
}
],
"glosses": [
"summer according to the lunisolar calendar; the ninety days starting from the sixteenth day of the fourth month until the fifteenth day of the seventh month"
],
"id": "en-夏-ja-noun-7ev4Kz7i",
"links": [
[
"Buddhism",
"Buddhism"
],
[
"summer",
"summer"
],
[
"lunisolar calendar",
"lunisolar calendar"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Buddhism) summer according to the lunisolar calendar; the ninety days starting from the sixteenth day of the fourth month until the fifteenth day of the seventh month"
],
"related": [
{
"roman": "ango",
"ruby": [
[
"安居",
"あんご"
]
],
"word": "安居"
}
],
"topics": [
"Buddhism",
"lifestyle",
"religion"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "げ"
},
{
"ipa": "[ɡe̞]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Man'yōshū"
],
"word": "夏"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "夏 (三代)",
"lang": "ja"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "wp"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Xia dynasty"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "wp"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ltc",
"3": "-",
"sort": "か"
},
"expansion": "Middle Chinese",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "夏",
"id": "1"
},
"expansion": "夏 (MC haeX)",
"name": "ltc-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "漢音",
"3": "kan'on"
},
"expansion": "kan'on",
"name": "ll"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Chinese 夏 (MC haeX).\nThe kan'on reading, so likely a later borrowing.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "夏",
"ruby": [
[
"夏",
"か"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "Ka",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "proper",
"2": "か"
},
"expansion": "夏(か) • (Ka)",
"name": "ja-pos"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 14 2 8 3 18 14 14 3 7 0 17",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "ja",
"name": "Calendar",
"orig": "ja:Calendar",
"parents": [
"Timekeeping",
"Time",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"the Xia dynasty (first dynasty of China)"
],
"id": "en-夏-ja-name-dQw-obTl",
"links": [
[
"Xia",
"Xia"
],
[
"dynasty",
"dynasty"
]
]
},
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "(Daika): Xia, one of the Sixteen Kingdoms",
"word": "大夏"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "0 14 2 8 3 18 14 14 3 7 0 17",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "ja",
"name": "Calendar",
"orig": "ja:Calendar",
"parents": [
"Timekeeping",
"Time",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Short for 大夏 (Daika): Xia, one of the Sixteen Kingdoms"
],
"id": "en-夏-ja-name-eOXAQFDM",
"links": [
[
"大夏",
"大夏#Japanese"
]
],
"tags": [
"abbreviation",
"alt-of"
]
},
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "(Seika): Western Xia, an empire during the Song dynasty",
"word": "西夏"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "6 4 0 2 1 4 0 1 1 0 2 2 12 5 3 8 20 5 11 1 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with raw sortkeys",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 1 3 17 6 1 12 26 6 14 0 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 1 2 15 7 1 10 28 7 13 0 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 1 2 16 8 1 11 24 8 15 0 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 1 2 18 6 1 11 25 6 15 0 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 1 2 17 8 1 11 25 8 15 0 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 1 2 16 8 1 11 25 8 14 0 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 14 2 8 3 18 14 14 3 7 0 17",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "ja",
"name": "Calendar",
"orig": "ja:Calendar",
"parents": [
"Timekeeping",
"Time",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 6 3 10 4 8 11 17 4 8 6 13",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "ja",
"name": "Seasons",
"orig": "ja:Seasons",
"parents": [
"Nature",
"Periodic occurrences",
"All topics",
"Time",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Short for 西夏 (Seika): Western Xia, an empire during the Song dynasty"
],
"id": "en-夏-ja-name-wKDQ1-IS",
"links": [
[
"西夏",
"西夏#Japanese"
],
[
"empire",
"empire"
],
[
"Song",
"Song"
]
],
"tags": [
"abbreviation",
"alt-of"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese surnames",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a surname"
],
"id": "en-夏-ja-name-v2O7m9sM1",
"links": [
[
"surname",
"surname"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"name": "Japanese female given names",
"parents": [
"Female given names",
"Given names",
"Names",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"name": "Japanese given names",
"parents": [
"Given names",
"Names",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"name": "Japanese male given names",
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"Male given names",
"Given names",
"Names",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
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"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a male or female given name"
],
"id": "en-夏-ja-name-GZyZasSG",
"links": [
[
"given name",
"given name"
]
]
}
],
"word": "夏"
}
{
"categories": [
"Grade 2 kanji",
"Japanese Han characters",
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Japanese kanji with goon reading げ",
"Japanese kanji with kan'on reading か",
"Japanese kanji with kun reading なつ",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese proper nouns",
"Japanese single-kanji terms",
"Japanese terms derived from Middle Chinese",
"Japanese terms spelled with second grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with 夏",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with redundant transliterations",
"Japanese terms written with one Han script character",
"Pages with raw sortkeys",
"ja:Calendar",
"ja:Seasons"
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "Kaka",
"ruby": [
[
"華夏",
"かか"
]
],
"word": "華夏"
},
{
"roman": "geshi",
"ruby": [
[
"夏時",
"げし"
]
],
"word": "夏時"
},
{
"english": "Xia Dynasty",
"roman": "Kachō",
"ruby": [
[
"夏朝",
"かちょう"
]
],
"word": "夏朝"
},
{
"english": "summer fires, winter fans; useless things",
"roman": "karotōsen",
"ruby": [
[
"夏炉冬扇",
"かろとうせん"
]
],
"word": "夏炉冬扇"
},
{
"roman": "geshi",
"ruby": [
[
"夏至",
"げし"
]
],
"word": "夏至"
},
{
"word": "夏臘"
},
{
"roman": "gerō",
"word": "夏﨟"
},
{
"english": "last summer",
"roman": "sakka",
"ruby": [
[
"昨夏",
"さっか"
]
],
"word": "昨夏"
},
{
"roman": "shunkashūtō",
"ruby": [
[
"春夏秋冬",
"しゅんかしゅうとう"
]
],
"word": "春夏秋冬"
},
{
"english": "beginning summer",
"roman": "shoka",
"ruby": [
[
"初夏",
"しょか"
]
],
"word": "初夏"
},
{
"word": "消夏"
},
{
"roman": "shōka",
"word": "銷夏"
},
{
"roman": "seika",
"ruby": [
[
"盛夏",
"せいか"
]
],
"word": "盛夏"
},
{
"roman": "tōsenkaro",
"ruby": [
[
"冬扇夏炉",
"とうせんかろ"
]
],
"word": "冬扇夏炉"
},
{
"english": "ending summer",
"roman": "banka",
"ruby": [
[
"晩夏",
"ばんか"
]
],
"word": "晩夏"
},
{
"roman": "mōka",
"ruby": [
[
"孟夏",
"もうか"
]
],
"word": "孟夏"
},
{
"english": "first day of summer",
"roman": "rikka",
"ruby": [
[
"立夏",
"りっか"
]
],
"word": "立夏"
},
{
"roman": "reika",
"ruby": [
[
"冷夏",
"れいか"
]
],
"word": "冷夏"
},
{
"roman": "gege",
"ruby": [
[
"解夏",
"げげ"
]
],
"word": "解夏"
},
{
"roman": "ketsuge",
"ruby": [
[
"結",
"けつ"
],
[
"夏",
"げ"
]
],
"word": "結夏"
},
{
"roman": "hange",
"ruby": [
[
"半夏",
"はんげ"
]
],
"word": "半夏"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"summer"
],
"links": [
[
"summer",
"summer"
]
],
"tags": [
"grade-2-kanji",
"kanji"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Xia dynasty"
],
"links": [
[
"Xia",
"Xia"
],
[
"dynasty",
"dynasty"
]
],
"tags": [
"grade-2-kanji",
"kanji"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"China"
],
"links": [
[
"China",
"China"
]
],
"tags": [
"grade-2-kanji",
"kanji"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Xia Dynasty"
],
"word": "夏"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese proper nouns",
"Japanese single-kanji terms",
"Japanese terms derived from Middle Chinese",
"Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms derived from Proto-Japonic",
"Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms inherited from Proto-Japonic",
"Japanese terms spelled with second grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with 夏",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with audio links",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Japanese terms written with one Han script character",
"Pages with raw sortkeys",
"ja:Calendar",
"ja:Seasons"
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "natsuakane",
"ruby": [
[
"夏",
"ナツ"
],
[
"茜",
"アカネ"
]
],
"word": "夏茜"
},
{
"roman": "Natsui",
"ruby": [
[
"夏",
"なつ"
],
[
"井",
"い"
]
],
"word": "夏井"
},
{
"roman": "natsuinu",
"ruby": [
[
"夏犬",
"なついぬ"
]
],
"word": "夏犬"
},
{
"roman": "natsu uguisu",
"ruby": [
[
"夏",
"なつ"
],
[
"鶯",
"うぐいす"
]
],
"word": "夏鶯"
},
{
"roman": "natsuuri",
"ruby": [
[
"夏瓜",
"ナツウリ"
]
],
"word": "夏瓜"
},
{
"roman": "natsuobi",
"ruby": [
[
"夏帯",
"なつおび"
]
],
"word": "夏帯"
},
{
"roman": "natsukusa",
"ruby": [
[
"夏草",
"なつくさ"
]
],
"word": "夏草"
},
{
"word": "夏茱萸"
},
{
"roman": "natsugumi",
"word": "夏胡頽子"
},
{
"roman": "Nagoshi no Harae",
"word": "夏越しの祓"
},
{
"roman": "Nagoshi",
"word": "夏越し"
},
{
"roman": "natsuzemi",
"ruby": [
[
"夏蝉",
"なつぜみ"
]
],
"word": "夏蝉"
},
{
"roman": "natsudori",
"ruby": [
[
"夏鳥",
"なつどり"
]
],
"word": "夏鳥"
},
{
"english": "summertime",
"roman": "natsuba",
"ruby": [
[
"夏",
"なつ"
],
[
"場",
"ば"
]
],
"word": "夏場"
},
{
"roman": "natsufukashi",
"ruby": [
[
"夏深",
"なつふか"
]
],
"word": "夏深し"
},
{
"word": "夏祭"
},
{
"roman": "natsu-matsuri",
"word": "夏祭り"
},
{
"english": "jujube",
"roman": "natsume",
"ruby": [
[
"棗",
"ナツメ"
]
],
"word": "棗"
},
{
"word": "夏休"
},
{
"english": "summer break",
"roman": "natsuyasumi",
"word": "夏休み"
},
{
"roman": "natsuyama",
"ruby": [
[
"夏山",
"なつやま"
]
],
"word": "夏山"
},
{
"roman": "Natsu no Daisankaku",
"word": "夏の大三角"
},
{
"roman": "Natsu no Daisankakkei",
"word": "夏の大三角形"
},
{
"roman": "tokonatsu",
"ruby": [
[
"常夏",
"とこなつ"
]
],
"word": "常夏"
},
{
"english": "midsummer",
"roman": "manatsu",
"ruby": [
[
"真",
"ま"
],
[
"夏",
"なつ"
]
],
"word": "真夏"
},
{
"english": "next summer",
"roman": "yokunatsu",
"ruby": [
[
"翌夏",
"よくなつ"
]
],
"word": "翌夏"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"lang": "ja"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "wp"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Summer"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "wp"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ojp",
"3": "-",
"sort": "なつ"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "jpx-pro",
"3": "*natu",
"sort": "なつ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Japonic *natu",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "/natu/ → /nat͡su/\nFrom Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *natu.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "夏",
"ruby": [
[
"夏",
"なつ"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "natsu",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "なつ"
},
"expansion": "夏(なつ) • (natsu)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"proverbs": [
{
"roman": "natsu utau mono wa fuyu naku",
"ruby": [
[
"夏",
"なつ"
],
[
"歌",
"うた"
],
[
"者",
"もの"
],
[
"冬",
"ふゆ"
],
[
"泣",
"な"
]
],
"word": "夏歌う者は冬泣く"
},
{
"roman": "natsu no kosode",
"ruby": [
[
"夏",
"なつ"
],
[
"小",
"こ"
],
[
"袖",
"そで"
]
],
"word": "夏の小袖"
},
{
"roman": "natsu mo kosode",
"ruby": [
[
"夏",
"なつ"
],
[
"小",
"こ"
],
[
"袖",
"そで"
]
],
"word": "夏も小袖"
}
],
"related": [
{
"english": "spring; spring; spring period",
"roman": "shunki",
"ruby": [
[
"春",
"はる"
],
[
"春",
"しゅん"
],
[
"季",
"き"
],
[
"春",
"しゅん"
],
[
"期",
"き"
]
],
"word": "春春季春期"
},
{
"english": "summer; summer; summer period",
"roman": "kaki",
"ruby": [
[
"夏",
"なつ"
],
[
"夏",
"か"
],
[
"季",
"き"
],
[
"夏",
"か"
],
[
"期",
"き"
]
],
"word": "夏夏季夏期"
},
{
"english": "fall; autumn; fall; autumn; fall period",
"roman": "shūki",
"ruby": [
[
"秋",
"あき"
],
[
"秋",
"しゅう"
],
[
"季",
"き"
],
[
"秋",
"しゅう"
],
[
"期",
"き"
]
],
"word": "秋秋季秋期"
},
{
"english": "winter; winter; winter period",
"roman": "tōki",
"ruby": [
[
"冬",
"ふゆ"
],
[
"冬",
"とう"
],
[
"季",
"き"
],
[
"冬",
"とう"
],
[
"期",
"き"
]
],
"word": "冬冬季冬期"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"summer (season)"
],
"hyponyms": [
{
"word": "初夏"
},
{
"word": "真夏"
}
],
"links": [
[
"summer",
"summer"
],
[
"season",
"season#English"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "夏季, 夏期"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "なつ"
},
{
"ipa": "[na̠t͡sɨᵝ]"
}
],
"word": "夏"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese proper nouns",
"Japanese single-kanji terms",
"Japanese terms derived from Middle Chinese",
"Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms derived from Proto-Japonic",
"Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms inherited from Proto-Japonic",
"Japanese terms spelled with second grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with 夏",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with audio links",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Japanese terms written with one Han script character",
"Pages with raw sortkeys",
"ja:Calendar",
"ja:Seasons"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"lang": "ja"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "wp"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Summer"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "wp"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ojp",
"3": "-",
"sort": "なつ"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "jpx-pro",
"3": "*natu",
"sort": "なつ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Japonic *natu",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "/natu/ → /nat͡su/\nFrom Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *natu.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "夏",
"ruby": [
[
"夏",
"なつ"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "Natsu",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "proper",
"2": "なつ"
},
"expansion": "夏(なつ) • (Natsu)",
"name": "ja-pos"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Japanese female given names",
"Japanese given names",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys"
],
"glosses": [
"a female given name"
],
"links": [
[
"given name",
"given name"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Japanese surnames",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys"
],
"glosses": [
"a surname"
],
"links": [
[
"surname",
"surname"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "なつ"
},
{
"ipa": "[na̠t͡sɨᵝ]"
}
],
"word": "夏"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese proper nouns",
"Japanese single-kanji terms",
"Japanese terms derived from Middle Chinese",
"Japanese terms spelled with second grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with 夏",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Japanese terms written with one Han script character",
"Pages with raw sortkeys",
"ja:Calendar",
"ja:Seasons"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "夏解"
},
{
"roman": "geaki",
"word": "夏明き"
},
{
"roman": "geango",
"ruby": [
[
"夏安居",
"げあんご"
]
],
"word": "夏安居"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ltc",
"3": "-",
"sort": "け'"
},
"expansion": "Middle Chinese",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "夏",
"id": "2"
},
"expansion": "夏 (MC haeH)",
"name": "ltc-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "呉音",
"3": "goon"
},
"expansion": "goon",
"name": "ll"
},
{
"args": {
"nodots": "1"
},
"expansion": "CE",
"name": "C.E."
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "CE",
"name": "CE"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "借音",
"tr": "shakuon"
},
"expansion": "借音 (shakuon)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "⟨ge₁⟩"
},
"expansion": "⟨ge₁⟩",
"name": "IPAfont"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Chinese 夏 (MC haeH). The goon reading, so likely the initial borrowing.\nAlso used in the Man'yōshū (759 CE) as 借音 (shakuon) kana for ⟨ge₁⟩.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "夏",
"ruby": [
[
"夏",
"げ"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "ge",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "げ"
},
"expansion": "夏(げ) • (ge)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"roman": "ango",
"ruby": [
[
"安居",
"あんご"
]
],
"word": "安居"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"ja:Buddhism"
],
"glosses": [
"summer according to the lunisolar calendar; the ninety days starting from the sixteenth day of the fourth month until the fifteenth day of the seventh month"
],
"links": [
[
"Buddhism",
"Buddhism"
],
[
"summer",
"summer"
],
[
"lunisolar calendar",
"lunisolar calendar"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Buddhism) summer according to the lunisolar calendar; the ninety days starting from the sixteenth day of the fourth month until the fifteenth day of the seventh month"
],
"topics": [
"Buddhism",
"lifestyle",
"religion"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "げ"
},
{
"ipa": "[ɡe̞]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Man'yōshū"
],
"word": "夏"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese proper nouns",
"Japanese single-kanji terms",
"Japanese terms derived from Middle Chinese",
"Japanese terms spelled with second grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with 夏",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Japanese terms written with one Han script character",
"Pages with raw sortkeys",
"ja:Calendar",
"ja:Seasons"
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "夏 (三代)",
"lang": "ja"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "wp"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Xia dynasty"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "wp"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ltc",
"3": "-",
"sort": "か"
},
"expansion": "Middle Chinese",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "夏",
"id": "1"
},
"expansion": "夏 (MC haeX)",
"name": "ltc-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "漢音",
"3": "kan'on"
},
"expansion": "kan'on",
"name": "ll"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Chinese 夏 (MC haeX).\nThe kan'on reading, so likely a later borrowing.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "夏",
"ruby": [
[
"夏",
"か"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "Ka",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "proper",
"2": "か"
},
"expansion": "夏(か) • (Ka)",
"name": "ja-pos"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"the Xia dynasty (first dynasty of China)"
],
"links": [
[
"Xia",
"Xia"
],
[
"dynasty",
"dynasty"
]
]
},
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "(Daika): Xia, one of the Sixteen Kingdoms",
"word": "大夏"
}
],
"categories": [
"Japanese short forms",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys"
],
"glosses": [
"Short for 大夏 (Daika): Xia, one of the Sixteen Kingdoms"
],
"links": [
[
"大夏",
"大夏#Japanese"
]
],
"tags": [
"abbreviation",
"alt-of"
]
},
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "(Seika): Western Xia, an empire during the Song dynasty",
"word": "西夏"
}
],
"categories": [
"Japanese short forms",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys"
],
"glosses": [
"Short for 西夏 (Seika): Western Xia, an empire during the Song dynasty"
],
"links": [
[
"西夏",
"西夏#Japanese"
],
[
"empire",
"empire"
],
[
"Song",
"Song"
]
],
"tags": [
"abbreviation",
"alt-of"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Japanese surnames",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys"
],
"glosses": [
"a surname"
],
"links": [
[
"surname",
"surname"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Japanese female given names",
"Japanese given names",
"Japanese male given names",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys"
],
"glosses": [
"a male or female given name"
],
"links": [
[
"given name",
"given name"
]
]
}
],
"word": "夏"
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"夏"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "夏",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"夏"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "proper noun",
"title": "夏",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"夏"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "夏",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"夏"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "proper noun",
"title": "夏",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Japanese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-05 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.