See 土竜 in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for 土竜 meaning in Japanese (16.9kB)
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "潜る",
"3": "",
"4": "to go underneath or into something, such as water or the ground",
"tr": "moguru"
},
"expansion": "潜る (moguru, “to go underneath or into something, such as water or the ground”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "墳つ",
"3": "",
"4": "to become a pile or small hill, as of soil",
"tr": "ugumotsu, uguromotsu, ugomotsu, ugoromotsu"
},
"expansion": "墳つ (ugumotsu, uguromotsu, ugomotsu, ugoromotsu, “to become a pile or small hill, as of soil”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "下二段",
"tr": "shimo nidan"
},
"expansion": "下二段 (shimo nidan)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "穿ぐ",
"3": "",
"4": "to dig a hole",
"pos": "a <i class=\"Jpan mention\" lang=\"ja\">下二段</i> (shimo nidan) or “lower bigrade” conjugation verb",
"tr": "ugu"
},
"expansion": "穿ぐ (ugu, “to dig a hole”, a 下二段 (shimo nidan) or “lower bigrade” conjugation verb)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "持つ",
"3": "",
"4": "to have in hand; to carry, to bring",
"tr": "motsu"
},
"expansion": "持つ (motsu, “to have in hand; to carry, to bring”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "連体形",
"3": "",
"4": "attributive form",
"tr": "rentaikei"
},
"expansion": "連体形 (rentaikei, “attributive form”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "空ろ",
"3": "",
"4": "a hollow, an emptiness",
"tr": "utsuro"
},
"expansion": "空ろ (utsuro, “a hollow, an emptiness”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "室",
"3": "",
"4": "a room; an excavated dwelling on the side of a mountain",
"tr": "muro"
},
"expansion": "室 (muro, “a room; an excavated dwelling on the side of a mountain”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "袋",
"3": "",
"4": "a bag",
"tr": "fukuro"
},
"expansion": "袋 (fukuro, “a bag”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "所",
"3": "",
"4": "a place",
"tr": "tokoro"
},
"expansion": "所 (tokoro, “a place”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "本草和名",
"tr": "Honzō Wamyō"
},
"expansion": "本草和名 (Honzō Wamyō)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "日葡辞書",
"3": "",
"4": "Japanese-Portuguese Dictionary",
"tr": "Nippo Jisho"
},
"expansion": "日葡辞書 (Nippo Jisho, “Japanese-Portuguese Dictionary”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "潜る",
"tr": "moguru"
},
"expansion": "潜る (moguru)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "熟字訓"
},
"expansion": "熟字訓",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "土竜"
},
"expansion": "もくら'",
"name": "sortkey"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "jukujikun (熟字訓)",
"name": "juku"
}
],
"etymology_text": "A surface analysis suggests a derivation from the verb 潜る (moguru, “to go underneath or into something, such as water or the ground”).\nHowever, the modern mogura reading appears to be relatively recent. The older form of this noun was variously ugoromochi, uguromochi, or uguramochi, deriving from now-obsolete verb 墳つ (ugumotsu, uguromotsu, ugomotsu, ugoromotsu, “to become a pile or small hill, as of soil”). This verb itself appears to be a compound deriving from obsolete 穿ぐ (ugu, “to dig a hole”, a 下二段 (shimo nidan) or “lower bigrade” conjugation verb) + 持つ (motsu, “to have in hand; to carry, to bring”), with an underlying idea of “that which digs and brings up the dirt [to form a molehill]”. The verb ugu had a 連体形 (rentaikei, “attributive form”) of uguru, attaching only to nouns, suggesting that the original parsing of this might have been “digging bringer”.\nThe shift in sound from uguru to the variants uguro and ugoro may be a reflection of the morpheme -ro that appears in numerous words indicating a hollow interior. Compare 空ろ (utsuro, “a hollow, an emptiness”), 室 (muro, “a room; an excavated dwelling on the side of a mountain”), 袋 (fukuro, “a bag”), possibly even 所 (tokoro, “a place”). The ugoromochi reading appears in the 本草和名 (Honzō Wamyō), a pharmacopoeia compiled some time in the years 901–923.\nThe uguramochi variant was either dialectal, or a later development.\nWith the beginning of the Edo period and the shift in the political and cultural center to Edo, uguramochi was superseded by the eastern dialectal form muguramochi. The 1603 日葡辞書 (Nippo Jisho, “Japanese-Portuguese Dictionary”) lists one variant as mugura, indicating that the mochi portion could be dropped. This mugura then became mogura, possibly influenced by the verb 潜る (moguru).\nThe kanji are jukujikun (熟字訓). See also Etymology 8.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "土竜",
"ruby": [
[
"土竜",
"もぐら"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "土竜",
"ruby": [
[
"土竜",
"モグラ"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "mogura",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "もぐら",
"2": "モグラ"
},
"expansion": "土竜(もぐら) or 土竜(モグラ) • (mogura)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 10 10 10 10 10 14 10 8 8",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "ja",
"name": "Soricomorphs",
"orig": "ja:Soricomorphs",
"parents": [
"Mammals",
"Vertebrates",
"Chordates",
"Animals",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "golden mole",
"roman": "kinmogura",
"ruby": [
[
"金",
"キン"
],
[
"土竜",
"モグラ"
]
],
"word": "金土竜"
},
{
"english": "echidna",
"roman": "harimogura",
"ruby": [
[
"針",
"ハリ"
],
[
"土竜",
"モグラ"
]
],
"word": "針土竜"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a mole (burrowing insectivore)"
],
"id": "en-土竜-ja-noun-SYguKUCg",
"links": [
[
"mole",
"mole"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "田鼠"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "もぐら"
},
{
"ipa": "[mo̞ɡɯ̟ᵝɾa̠]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"ja:モグラ"
],
"word": "土竜"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "潜る",
"tr": "moguru"
},
"expansion": "潜る (moguru)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Likely a shift in pronunciation from earlier eastern dialectal form muguramochi, possibly influenced by the verb 潜る (moguru).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "土竜",
"ruby": [
[
"土竜",
"もぐらもち"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "moguramochi",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "もぐらもち"
},
"expansion": "土竜(もぐらもち) • (moguramochi)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"a mole (burrowing insectivore)"
],
"id": "en-土竜-ja-noun-SYguKUCg1",
"links": [
[
"mole",
"mole"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "もぐらもち"
},
{
"ipa": "[mo̞ɡɯ̟ᵝɾa̠mo̞t͡ɕi]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"ja:モグラ"
],
"word": "土竜"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_text": "Shortening of earlier eastern dialectal form muguramochi.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "土竜",
"ruby": [
[
"土竜",
"むぐら"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "mugura",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "むぐら"
},
"expansion": "土竜(むぐら) • (mugura)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"a mole (burrowing insectivore)"
],
"id": "en-土竜-ja-noun-SYguKUCg1",
"links": [
[
"mole",
"mole"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare, possibly obsolete) a mole (burrowing insectivore)"
],
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"possibly",
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[mɯ̟ᵝɡɯ̟ᵝɾa̠]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"ja:モグラ"
],
"word": "土竜"
}
{
"etymology_number": 4,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "日葡辞書",
"3": "",
"4": "Japanese-Portuguese Dictionary",
"tr": "Nippo Jisho"
},
"expansion": "日葡辞書 (Nippo Jisho, “Japanese-Portuguese Dictionary”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Eastern dialectal form of earlier uguramochi reading. Appears in the 日葡辞書 (Nippo Jisho, “Japanese-Portuguese Dictionary”) published in 1603.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "土竜",
"ruby": [
[
"土竜",
"むぐらもち"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "muguramochi",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "むぐらもち"
},
"expansion": "土竜(むぐらもち) • (muguramochi)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"a mole (burrowing insectivore)"
],
"id": "en-土竜-ja-noun-SYguKUCg1",
"links": [
[
"mole",
"mole"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare, possibly obsolete) a mole (burrowing insectivore)"
],
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"possibly",
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[mɯ̟ᵝɡɯ̟ᵝɾa̠mo̞t͡ɕi]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"ja:モグラ"
],
"word": "土竜"
}
{
"etymology_number": 5,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "日葡辞書",
"3": "",
"4": "Japanese-Portuguese Dictionary",
"tr": "Nippo Jisho"
},
"expansion": "日葡辞書 (Nippo Jisho, “Japanese-Portuguese Dictionary”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Older western Japanese dialectal reading. Also appears with this reading in the 日葡辞書 (Nippo Jisho, “Japanese-Portuguese Dictionary”) published in 1603.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "土竜",
"ruby": [
[
"土竜",
"うぐらもち"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "uguramochi",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "うぐらもち"
},
"expansion": "土竜(うぐらもち) • (uguramochi)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"a mole (burrowing insectivore)"
],
"id": "en-土竜-ja-noun-SYguKUCg1",
"links": [
[
"mole",
"mole"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare, possibly obsolete) a mole (burrowing insectivore)"
],
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"possibly",
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ɯ̟ᵝɡɯ̟ᵝɾa̠mo̞t͡ɕi]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"ja:モグラ"
],
"word": "土竜"
}
{
"etymology_number": 6,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "玉葉和歌集"
},
"expansion": "玉葉和歌集",
"name": "lang"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Variant of older western Japanese dialectal reading. Appears with this reading in the 玉葉和歌集 (Gyokuyō Wakashū, “Collection of Jeweled Leaves”) poetry compilation, completed in 1313–1314.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "土竜",
"ruby": [
[
"土竜",
"うぐろもち"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "uguromochi",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "うぐろもち"
},
"expansion": "土竜(うぐろもち) • (uguromochi)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"a mole (burrowing insectivore)"
],
"id": "en-土竜-ja-noun-SYguKUCg1",
"links": [
[
"mole",
"mole"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare, possibly obsolete) a mole (burrowing insectivore)"
],
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"possibly",
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ɯ̟ᵝɡɯ̟ᵝɾo̞mo̞t͡ɕi]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"ja:モグラ"
],
"word": "土竜"
}
{
"etymology_number": 7,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "本草和名",
"tr": "Honzō Wamyō"
},
"expansion": "本草和名 (Honzō Wamyō)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "連用形",
"3": "",
"4": "continuative or stem form",
"tr": "ren'yōkei"
},
"expansion": "連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "墳つ",
"3": "",
"4": "to become a pile or small hill, as of soil",
"tr": "ugumotsu, uguromotsu, ugomotsu, ugoromotsu"
},
"expansion": "墳つ (ugumotsu, uguromotsu, ugomotsu, ugoromotsu, “to become a pile or small hill, as of soil”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "May be the oldest form. Appears with this reading in the 本草和名 (Honzō Wamyō), a pharmacopoeia compiled some time in the years 901–923.\nDerived as the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 墳つ (ugumotsu, uguromotsu, ugomotsu, ugoromotsu, “to become a pile or small hill, as of soil”). See above for further details.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "土竜",
"ruby": [
[
"土竜",
"うごろもち"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "ugoromochi",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "うごろもち"
},
"expansion": "土竜(うごろもち) • (ugoromochi)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "6 6 6 6 6 6 25 6 20 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 6 6 6 6 6 30 6 22 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 8 8 8 8 8 17 8 8 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 5 5 5 5 5 31 5 25 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 10 10 10 10 10 14 10 8 8",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "ja",
"name": "Soricomorphs",
"orig": "ja:Soricomorphs",
"parents": [
"Mammals",
"Vertebrates",
"Chordates",
"Animals",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a mole (burrowing insectivore)"
],
"id": "en-土竜-ja-noun-SYguKUCg1",
"links": [
[
"mole",
"mole"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) a mole (burrowing insectivore)"
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ɯ̟ᵝɡo̞ɾo̞mo̞t͡ɕi]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"ja:モグラ"
],
"word": "土竜"
}
{
"etymology_number": 8,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "土",
"3": "龍",
"sort": "とりゅう'",
"t1": "earth",
"t2": "dragon",
"tr1": "do",
"tr2": "ryū"
},
"expansion": "土 (do, “earth”) + 龍 (ryū, “dragon”)",
"name": "com"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "地龍",
"3": "",
"4": "earthworm",
"lit": "earth dragon"
},
"expansion": "Chinese 地龍／地龙 (dìlóng, “earthworm”, literally “earth dragon”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "earthworm"
},
"expansion": "English earthworm",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "worm",
"3": "",
"4": "worm; dragon"
},
"expansion": "worm (“worm; dragon”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "wyrm",
"3": "",
"4": "dragon; serpent"
},
"expansion": "wyrm (“dragon; serpent”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "wyrm",
"3": "",
"4": "worm; serpent"
},
"expansion": "Old English wyrm (“worm; serpent”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From 土 (do, “earth”) + 龍 (ryū, “dragon”). Perhaps used erroneously to refer to moles because they dwell underground just like earthworms. Compare Chinese 地龍／地龙 (dìlóng, “earthworm”, literally “earth dragon”), English earthworm, worm (“worm; dragon”), wyrm (“dragon; serpent”), Old English wyrm (“worm; serpent”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "土竜",
"ruby": [
[
"土",
"ど"
],
[
"竜",
"りゅう"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "doryū",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "どりゅう"
},
"expansion": "土(ど)竜(りゅう) • (doryū)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"a mole (burrowing insectivore)"
],
"id": "en-土竜-ja-noun-SYguKUCg1",
"links": [
[
"mole",
"mole"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) a mole (burrowing insectivore)"
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "10 8 8 8 8 8 13 8 22 7",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "ja",
"name": "Annelids",
"orig": "ja:Annelids",
"parents": [
"Worms",
"Animals",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"an earthworm (worm (animal))"
],
"id": "en-土竜-ja-noun-Qoj98yHv",
"links": [
[
"earthworm",
"earthworm"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) an earthworm (worm (animal))"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "蚯蚓"
}
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "8 8 8 8 8 8 17 8 8 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"an outstanding horse; an excellent horse; a famous horse (by metaphor from the meaning of the kanji)"
],
"id": "en-土竜-ja-noun-YW0EVXWL",
"links": [
[
"outstanding",
"outstanding"
],
[
"horse",
"horse"
],
[
"excellent",
"excellent"
],
[
"famous",
"famous"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative) an outstanding horse; an excellent horse; a famous horse (by metaphor from the meaning of the kanji)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "竜馬"
}
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "どりゅう"
},
{
"other": "どりゅう"
},
{
"ipa": "[do̞ɾʲɨᵝː]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"ja:モグラ"
],
"word": "土竜"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese compound terms",
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese terms spelled with first grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with jukujikun",
"Japanese terms spelled with secondary school kanji",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Japanese terms written with two Han script characters",
"ja:Annelids",
"ja:Soricomorphs"
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "golden mole",
"roman": "kinmogura",
"ruby": [
[
"金",
"キン"
],
[
"土竜",
"モグラ"
]
],
"word": "金土竜"
},
{
"english": "echidna",
"roman": "harimogura",
"ruby": [
[
"針",
"ハリ"
],
[
"土竜",
"モグラ"
]
],
"word": "針土竜"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "潜る",
"3": "",
"4": "to go underneath or into something, such as water or the ground",
"tr": "moguru"
},
"expansion": "潜る (moguru, “to go underneath or into something, such as water or the ground”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "墳つ",
"3": "",
"4": "to become a pile or small hill, as of soil",
"tr": "ugumotsu, uguromotsu, ugomotsu, ugoromotsu"
},
"expansion": "墳つ (ugumotsu, uguromotsu, ugomotsu, ugoromotsu, “to become a pile or small hill, as of soil”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "下二段",
"tr": "shimo nidan"
},
"expansion": "下二段 (shimo nidan)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "穿ぐ",
"3": "",
"4": "to dig a hole",
"pos": "a <i class=\"Jpan mention\" lang=\"ja\">下二段</i> (shimo nidan) or “lower bigrade” conjugation verb",
"tr": "ugu"
},
"expansion": "穿ぐ (ugu, “to dig a hole”, a 下二段 (shimo nidan) or “lower bigrade” conjugation verb)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "持つ",
"3": "",
"4": "to have in hand; to carry, to bring",
"tr": "motsu"
},
"expansion": "持つ (motsu, “to have in hand; to carry, to bring”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "連体形",
"3": "",
"4": "attributive form",
"tr": "rentaikei"
},
"expansion": "連体形 (rentaikei, “attributive form”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "空ろ",
"3": "",
"4": "a hollow, an emptiness",
"tr": "utsuro"
},
"expansion": "空ろ (utsuro, “a hollow, an emptiness”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "室",
"3": "",
"4": "a room; an excavated dwelling on the side of a mountain",
"tr": "muro"
},
"expansion": "室 (muro, “a room; an excavated dwelling on the side of a mountain”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "袋",
"3": "",
"4": "a bag",
"tr": "fukuro"
},
"expansion": "袋 (fukuro, “a bag”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "所",
"3": "",
"4": "a place",
"tr": "tokoro"
},
"expansion": "所 (tokoro, “a place”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "本草和名",
"tr": "Honzō Wamyō"
},
"expansion": "本草和名 (Honzō Wamyō)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "日葡辞書",
"3": "",
"4": "Japanese-Portuguese Dictionary",
"tr": "Nippo Jisho"
},
"expansion": "日葡辞書 (Nippo Jisho, “Japanese-Portuguese Dictionary”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "潜る",
"tr": "moguru"
},
"expansion": "潜る (moguru)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "熟字訓"
},
"expansion": "熟字訓",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "土竜"
},
"expansion": "もくら'",
"name": "sortkey"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "jukujikun (熟字訓)",
"name": "juku"
}
],
"etymology_text": "A surface analysis suggests a derivation from the verb 潜る (moguru, “to go underneath or into something, such as water or the ground”).\nHowever, the modern mogura reading appears to be relatively recent. The older form of this noun was variously ugoromochi, uguromochi, or uguramochi, deriving from now-obsolete verb 墳つ (ugumotsu, uguromotsu, ugomotsu, ugoromotsu, “to become a pile or small hill, as of soil”). This verb itself appears to be a compound deriving from obsolete 穿ぐ (ugu, “to dig a hole”, a 下二段 (shimo nidan) or “lower bigrade” conjugation verb) + 持つ (motsu, “to have in hand; to carry, to bring”), with an underlying idea of “that which digs and brings up the dirt [to form a molehill]”. The verb ugu had a 連体形 (rentaikei, “attributive form”) of uguru, attaching only to nouns, suggesting that the original parsing of this might have been “digging bringer”.\nThe shift in sound from uguru to the variants uguro and ugoro may be a reflection of the morpheme -ro that appears in numerous words indicating a hollow interior. Compare 空ろ (utsuro, “a hollow, an emptiness”), 室 (muro, “a room; an excavated dwelling on the side of a mountain”), 袋 (fukuro, “a bag”), possibly even 所 (tokoro, “a place”). The ugoromochi reading appears in the 本草和名 (Honzō Wamyō), a pharmacopoeia compiled some time in the years 901–923.\nThe uguramochi variant was either dialectal, or a later development.\nWith the beginning of the Edo period and the shift in the political and cultural center to Edo, uguramochi was superseded by the eastern dialectal form muguramochi. The 1603 日葡辞書 (Nippo Jisho, “Japanese-Portuguese Dictionary”) lists one variant as mugura, indicating that the mochi portion could be dropped. This mugura then became mogura, possibly influenced by the verb 潜る (moguru).\nThe kanji are jukujikun (熟字訓). See also Etymology 8.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "土竜",
"ruby": [
[
"土竜",
"もぐら"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "土竜",
"ruby": [
[
"土竜",
"モグラ"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "mogura",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "もぐら",
"2": "モグラ"
},
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"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"a mole (burrowing insectivore)"
],
"links": [
[
"mole",
"mole"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "田鼠"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "もぐら"
},
{
"ipa": "[mo̞ɡɯ̟ᵝɾa̠]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"ja:モグラ"
],
"word": "土竜"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese compound terms",
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese terms spelled with first grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with secondary school kanji",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms written with two Han script characters",
"ja:Annelids",
"ja:Soricomorphs"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "潜る",
"tr": "moguru"
},
"expansion": "潜る (moguru)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Likely a shift in pronunciation from earlier eastern dialectal form muguramochi, possibly influenced by the verb 潜る (moguru).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "土竜",
"ruby": [
[
"土竜",
"もぐらもち"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "moguramochi",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "もぐらもち"
},
"expansion": "土竜(もぐらもち) • (moguramochi)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"a mole (burrowing insectivore)"
],
"links": [
[
"mole",
"mole"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "もぐらもち"
},
{
"ipa": "[mo̞ɡɯ̟ᵝɾa̠mo̞t͡ɕi]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"ja:モグラ"
],
"word": "土竜"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese compound terms",
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese terms spelled with first grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with secondary school kanji",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms written with two Han script characters",
"ja:Annelids",
"ja:Soricomorphs"
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_text": "Shortening of earlier eastern dialectal form muguramochi.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "土竜",
"ruby": [
[
"土竜",
"むぐら"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "mugura",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "むぐら"
},
"expansion": "土竜(むぐら) • (mugura)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with obsolete senses",
"Japanese terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"a mole (burrowing insectivore)"
],
"links": [
[
"mole",
"mole"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare, possibly obsolete) a mole (burrowing insectivore)"
],
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"possibly",
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[mɯ̟ᵝɡɯ̟ᵝɾa̠]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"ja:モグラ"
],
"word": "土竜"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese compound terms",
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese terms spelled with first grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with secondary school kanji",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms written with two Han script characters",
"ja:Annelids",
"ja:Soricomorphs"
],
"etymology_number": 4,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "日葡辞書",
"3": "",
"4": "Japanese-Portuguese Dictionary",
"tr": "Nippo Jisho"
},
"expansion": "日葡辞書 (Nippo Jisho, “Japanese-Portuguese Dictionary”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Eastern dialectal form of earlier uguramochi reading. Appears in the 日葡辞書 (Nippo Jisho, “Japanese-Portuguese Dictionary”) published in 1603.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "土竜",
"ruby": [
[
"土竜",
"むぐらもち"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "muguramochi",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "むぐらもち"
},
"expansion": "土竜(むぐらもち) • (muguramochi)",
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}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with obsolete senses",
"Japanese terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"a mole (burrowing insectivore)"
],
"links": [
[
"mole",
"mole"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare, possibly obsolete) a mole (burrowing insectivore)"
],
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"possibly",
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[mɯ̟ᵝɡɯ̟ᵝɾa̠mo̞t͡ɕi]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"ja:モグラ"
],
"word": "土竜"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese compound terms",
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese terms spelled with first grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with secondary school kanji",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms written with two Han script characters",
"ja:Annelids",
"ja:Soricomorphs"
],
"etymology_number": 5,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "日葡辞書",
"3": "",
"4": "Japanese-Portuguese Dictionary",
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},
"expansion": "日葡辞書 (Nippo Jisho, “Japanese-Portuguese Dictionary”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Older western Japanese dialectal reading. Also appears with this reading in the 日葡辞書 (Nippo Jisho, “Japanese-Portuguese Dictionary”) published in 1603.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "土竜",
"ruby": [
[
"土竜",
"うぐらもち"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "uguramochi",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
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},
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}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with obsolete senses",
"Japanese terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"a mole (burrowing insectivore)"
],
"links": [
[
"mole",
"mole"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare, possibly obsolete) a mole (burrowing insectivore)"
],
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"possibly",
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ɯ̟ᵝɡɯ̟ᵝɾa̠mo̞t͡ɕi]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
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],
"word": "土竜"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese compound terms",
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese terms spelled with first grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with secondary school kanji",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms written with two Han script characters",
"ja:Annelids",
"ja:Soricomorphs"
],
"etymology_number": 6,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "玉葉和歌集"
},
"expansion": "玉葉和歌集",
"name": "lang"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Variant of older western Japanese dialectal reading. Appears with this reading in the 玉葉和歌集 (Gyokuyō Wakashū, “Collection of Jeweled Leaves”) poetry compilation, completed in 1313–1314.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "土竜",
"ruby": [
[
"土竜",
"うぐろもち"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "uguromochi",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "うぐろもち"
},
"expansion": "土竜(うぐろもち) • (uguromochi)",
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}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with obsolete senses",
"Japanese terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"a mole (burrowing insectivore)"
],
"links": [
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"mole",
"mole"
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],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare, possibly obsolete) a mole (burrowing insectivore)"
],
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"possibly",
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ɯ̟ᵝɡɯ̟ᵝɾo̞mo̞t͡ɕi]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
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],
"word": "土竜"
}
{
"categories": [
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"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
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"Japanese terms spelled with first grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with secondary school kanji",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms written with two Han script characters",
"ja:Annelids",
"ja:Soricomorphs"
],
"etymology_number": 7,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "本草和名",
"tr": "Honzō Wamyō"
},
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"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "連用形",
"3": "",
"4": "continuative or stem form",
"tr": "ren'yōkei"
},
"expansion": "連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "墳つ",
"3": "",
"4": "to become a pile or small hill, as of soil",
"tr": "ugumotsu, uguromotsu, ugomotsu, ugoromotsu"
},
"expansion": "墳つ (ugumotsu, uguromotsu, ugomotsu, ugoromotsu, “to become a pile or small hill, as of soil”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "May be the oldest form. Appears with this reading in the 本草和名 (Honzō Wamyō), a pharmacopoeia compiled some time in the years 901–923.\nDerived as the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 墳つ (ugumotsu, uguromotsu, ugomotsu, ugoromotsu, “to become a pile or small hill, as of soil”). See above for further details.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "土竜",
"ruby": [
[
"土竜",
"うごろもち"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "ugoromochi",
"tags": [
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}
],
"head_templates": [
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},
"expansion": "土竜(うごろもち) • (ugoromochi)",
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}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"a mole (burrowing insectivore)"
],
"links": [
[
"mole",
"mole"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) a mole (burrowing insectivore)"
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ɯ̟ᵝɡo̞ɾo̞mo̞t͡ɕi]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"ja:モグラ"
],
"word": "土竜"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese compound terms",
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese terms spelled with first grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with secondary school kanji",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms written with two Han script characters",
"ja:Annelids",
"ja:Soricomorphs"
],
"etymology_number": 8,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "土",
"3": "龍",
"sort": "とりゅう'",
"t1": "earth",
"t2": "dragon",
"tr1": "do",
"tr2": "ryū"
},
"expansion": "土 (do, “earth”) + 龍 (ryū, “dragon”)",
"name": "com"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "地龍",
"3": "",
"4": "earthworm",
"lit": "earth dragon"
},
"expansion": "Chinese 地龍／地龙 (dìlóng, “earthworm”, literally “earth dragon”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "earthworm"
},
"expansion": "English earthworm",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "worm",
"3": "",
"4": "worm; dragon"
},
"expansion": "worm (“worm; dragon”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "wyrm",
"3": "",
"4": "dragon; serpent"
},
"expansion": "wyrm (“dragon; serpent”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "wyrm",
"3": "",
"4": "worm; serpent"
},
"expansion": "Old English wyrm (“worm; serpent”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From 土 (do, “earth”) + 龍 (ryū, “dragon”). Perhaps used erroneously to refer to moles because they dwell underground just like earthworms. Compare Chinese 地龍／地龙 (dìlóng, “earthworm”, literally “earth dragon”), English earthworm, worm (“worm; dragon”), wyrm (“dragon; serpent”), Old English wyrm (“worm; serpent”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "土竜",
"ruby": [
[
"土",
"ど"
],
[
"竜",
"りゅう"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "doryū",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "どりゅう"
},
"expansion": "土(ど)竜(りゅう) • (doryū)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"a mole (burrowing insectivore)"
],
"links": [
[
"mole",
"mole"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) a mole (burrowing insectivore)"
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"an earthworm (worm (animal))"
],
"links": [
[
"earthworm",
"earthworm"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) an earthworm (worm (animal))"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "蚯蚓"
}
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"an outstanding horse; an excellent horse; a famous horse (by metaphor from the meaning of the kanji)"
],
"links": [
[
"outstanding",
"outstanding"
],
[
"horse",
"horse"
],
[
"excellent",
"excellent"
],
[
"famous",
"famous"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative) an outstanding horse; an excellent horse; a famous horse (by metaphor from the meaning of the kanji)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "竜馬"
}
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "どりゅう"
},
{
"other": "どりゅう"
},
{
"ipa": "[do̞ɾʲɨᵝː]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"ja:モグラ"
],
"word": "土竜"
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"土竜"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "土竜",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"土竜"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "土竜",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"土竜"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "土竜",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"土竜"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "土竜",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"土竜"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "土竜",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"土竜"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "土竜",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"土竜"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "土竜",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"土竜"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "土竜",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Japanese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-05 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.