"働く" meaning in Japanese

See 働く in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Verb

IPA: [ha̠ta̠ɾa̠kɯ̟ᵝ]
Etymology: Most likely derived ultimately from a mimetic word はた (hata, adverb, referring to the sound of objects bumping together), in turn possibly cognate with 旗 (hata, “flag”, from the sound of a flag flapping) and 機 (hata, “a loom”, from the sound of the shuttle or the workings of the batten). Compare also adverb はたはた (hatahata, “working diligently”), verb はためく (hatameku, “to flutter, flap, flicker, whip”). First cited in the late 900s, with the sense of "to move one's body". Etymology templates: {{ja-r|はた||pos=adverb, referring to the sound of objects bumping together}} はた (hata, adverb, referring to the sound of objects bumping together), {{m|ja|旗||flag|pos=from the sound of a flag flapping|tr=hata}} 旗 (hata, “flag”, from the sound of a flag flapping), {{m|ja|機||a loom|pos=from the sound of the shuttle or the workings of the batten|tr=hata}} 機 (hata, “a loom”, from the sound of the shuttle or the workings of the batten), {{ja-r|はたはた||working diligently}} はたはた (hatahata, “working diligently”), {{ja-r|はためく||to flutter, flap, flicker, whip}} はためく (hatameku, “to flutter, flap, flicker, whip”) Head templates: {{ja-verb|はたらく|tr=intrans|type=1}} 働(はたら)く • (hataraku) intransitive godan (stem 働(はたら)き (hataraki), past 働(はたら)いた (hataraita)) Forms: 働く [canonical] (ruby: 働(はたら)), hataraku [romanization], 働き [stem] (ruby: 働(はたら)), 働いた [past] (ruby: 働(はたら)), no-table-tags [table-tags], 働か [error-unrecognized-form], はたらか [error-unrecognized-form], hataraka [error-unrecognized-form], 働き [error-unrecognized-form], はたらき [error-unrecognized-form], hataraki [error-unrecognized-form], 働く [error-unrecognized-form], はたらく [error-unrecognized-form], hataraku [error-unrecognized-form], 働け [error-unrecognized-form], はたらけ [error-unrecognized-form], hatarake [error-unrecognized-form], 働かれる [passive], はたらかれる [passive], hatarakareru [passive], 働かせる [causative], 働かす [causative], はたらかせる [causative], はたらかす [causative], hatarakaseru [causative], hatarakasu [causative], 働ける [potential], はたらける [potential], hatarakeru [potential], 働こう [volitional], はたらこう [volitional], hatarakō [volitional], 働かない [negative], はたらかない [negative], hatarakanai [negative], 働かず [continuative, negative], はたらかず [continuative, negative], hatarakazu [continuative, negative], 働きます [formal], はたらきます [formal], hatarakimasu [formal], 働いた [perfective], はたらいた [perfective], hataraita [perfective], 働いて [conjunctive], はたらいて [conjunctive], hataraite [conjunctive], 働けば [conditional, hypothetical], はたらけば [conditional, hypothetical], hatarakeba [conditional, hypothetical]
  1. to work at a job, to labour
    Sense id: en-働く-ja-verb-vFmtuIcC Categories (other): Japanese entries with incorrect language header, Japanese links with manual fragments, Japanese links with redundant alt parameters, Japanese links with redundant wikilinks, Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations, Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys Disambiguation of Japanese entries with incorrect language header: 34 27 20 18 Disambiguation of Japanese links with manual fragments: 27 25 18 31 Disambiguation of Japanese links with redundant alt parameters: 32 27 19 23 Disambiguation of Japanese links with redundant wikilinks: 32 27 19 22 Disambiguation of Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations: 29 32 18 21 Disambiguation of Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys: 31 28 20 21
  2. to work properly, to operate, to function; to carry out one's function, to be effective, to come into play
    Sense id: en-働く-ja-verb-9a9VM7y4 Categories (other): Japanese links with manual fragments, Japanese links with redundant alt parameters, Japanese links with redundant wikilinks, Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations, Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys Disambiguation of Japanese links with manual fragments: 27 25 18 31 Disambiguation of Japanese links with redundant alt parameters: 32 27 19 23 Disambiguation of Japanese links with redundant wikilinks: 32 27 19 22 Disambiguation of Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations: 29 32 18 21 Disambiguation of Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys: 31 28 20 21
  3. (transitive) to perpetrate or commit a crime Tags: transitive
    Sense id: en-働く-ja-verb-lcMc9iiF Categories (other): Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys, Japanese links with manual fragments, Japanese links with redundant alt parameters, Japanese links with redundant wikilinks, Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations, Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys Disambiguation of Japanese links with manual fragments: 27 25 18 31 Disambiguation of Japanese links with redundant alt parameters: 32 27 19 23 Disambiguation of Japanese links with redundant wikilinks: 32 27 19 22 Disambiguation of Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations: 29 32 18 21 Disambiguation of Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys: 31 28 20 21
  4. (grammar) to conjugate; to inflect; to decline Categories (topical): Grammar
    Sense id: en-働く-ja-verb-g~k-UOHb Categories (other): Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys, Japanese links with manual fragments, Japanese links with redundant alt parameters, Japanese links with redundant wikilinks, Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations, Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys Disambiguation of Japanese links with manual fragments: 27 25 18 31 Disambiguation of Japanese links with redundant alt parameters: 32 27 19 23 Disambiguation of Japanese links with redundant wikilinks: 32 27 19 22 Disambiguation of Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations: 29 32 18 21 Disambiguation of Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys: 31 28 20 21 Topics: grammar, human-sciences, linguistics, sciences

Inflected forms

Download JSON data for 働く meaning in Japanese (12.0kB)

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "はた",
        "2": "",
        "pos": "adverb, referring to the sound of objects bumping together"
      },
      "expansion": "はた (hata, adverb, referring to the sound of objects bumping together)",
      "name": "ja-r"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "旗",
        "3": "",
        "4": "flag",
        "pos": "from the sound of a flag flapping",
        "tr": "hata"
      },
      "expansion": "旗 (hata, “flag”, from the sound of a flag flapping)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "機",
        "3": "",
        "4": "a loom",
        "pos": "from the sound of the shuttle or the workings of the batten",
        "tr": "hata"
      },
      "expansion": "機 (hata, “a loom”, from the sound of the shuttle or the workings of the batten)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "はたはた",
        "2": "",
        "3": "working diligently"
      },
      "expansion": "はたはた (hatahata, “working diligently”)",
      "name": "ja-r"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "はためく",
        "2": "",
        "3": "to flutter, flap, flicker, whip"
      },
      "expansion": "はためく (hatameku, “to flutter, flap, flicker, whip”)",
      "name": "ja-r"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Most likely derived ultimately from a mimetic word はた (hata, adverb, referring to the sound of objects bumping together), in turn possibly cognate with 旗 (hata, “flag”, from the sound of a flag flapping) and 機 (hata, “a loom”, from the sound of the shuttle or the workings of the batten).\nCompare also adverb はたはた (hatahata, “working diligently”), verb はためく (hatameku, “to flutter, flap, flicker, whip”).\nFirst cited in the late 900s, with the sense of \"to move one's body\".",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "働く",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "働",
          "はたら"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hataraku",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "働き",
      "roman": "hataraki",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "働",
          "はたら"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "働いた",
      "roman": "hataraita",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "働",
          "はたら"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ja-go-ku",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "働か",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "はたらか",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hataraka",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "働き",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "はたらき",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hataraki",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "働く",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "はたらく",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hataraku",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "働け",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "はたらけ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hatarake",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "働かれる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "はたらかれる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hatarakareru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "働かせる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "働かす",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "はたらかせる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "はたらかす",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hatarakaseru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hatarakasu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "働ける",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "はたらける",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hatarakeru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "働こう",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "はたらこう",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hatarakō",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "働かない",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "はたらかない",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hatarakanai",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "働かず",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "はたらかず",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hatarakazu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "働きます",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "はたらきます",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hatarakimasu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "働いた",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "はたらいた",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hataraita",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "働いて",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "はたらいて",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hataraite",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "働けば",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "はたらけば",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hatarakeba",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "はたらく",
        "tr": "intrans",
        "type": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "働(はたら)く • (hataraku) intransitive godan (stem 働(はたら)き (hataraki), past 働(はたら)いた (hataraita))",
      "name": "ja-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "34 27 20 18",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "27 25 18 31",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese links with manual fragments",
          "parents": [
            "Links with manual fragments",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "32 27 19 23",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant alt parameters",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "32 27 19 22",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant wikilinks",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "29 32 18 21",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "31 28 20 21",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with redundant sortkeys",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "I intend to work until 10 o'clock.",
          "roman": "Jū-ji made hataraku tsumori da.",
          "ruby": [
            [
              "10",
              "じゅう"
            ],
            [
              "時",
              "じ"
            ],
            [
              "働",
              "はたら"
            ],
            [
              "積",
              "つ"
            ]
          ],
          "text": "10時まで働く積もりだ。"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to work at a job, to labour"
      ],
      "id": "en-働く-ja-verb-vFmtuIcC",
      "links": [
        [
          "work",
          "work"
        ],
        [
          "labour",
          "labour"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "27 25 18 31",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese links with manual fragments",
          "parents": [
            "Links with manual fragments",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "32 27 19 23",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant alt parameters",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "32 27 19 22",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant wikilinks",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "29 32 18 21",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "31 28 20 21",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with redundant sortkeys",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "The switch isn't working.",
          "roman": "Suitchi ga hataraite nai.",
          "ruby": [
            [
              "働",
              "はたら"
            ]
          ],
          "text": "スイッチが働いてない。"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to work properly, to operate, to function; to carry out one's function, to be effective, to come into play"
      ],
      "id": "en-働く-ja-verb-9a9VM7y4",
      "links": [
        [
          "work",
          "work"
        ],
        [
          "operate",
          "operate"
        ],
        [
          "function",
          "function"
        ],
        [
          "carry out",
          "carry out"
        ],
        [
          "effective",
          "effective"
        ],
        [
          "come into play",
          "come into play"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "27 25 18 31",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese links with manual fragments",
          "parents": [
            "Links with manual fragments",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "32 27 19 23",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant alt parameters",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "32 27 19 22",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant wikilinks",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "29 32 18 21",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "31 28 20 21",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with redundant sortkeys",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "She commits theft.",
          "roman": "Kanojo wa nusumi o hataraku.",
          "ruby": [
            [
              "彼女",
              "かのじょ"
            ],
            [
              "盗",
              "ぬす"
            ],
            [
              "働",
              "はたら"
            ]
          ],
          "text": "彼女は盗みを働く。"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to perpetrate or commit a crime"
      ],
      "id": "en-働く-ja-verb-lcMc9iiF",
      "links": [
        [
          "perpetrate",
          "perpetrate"
        ],
        [
          "commit",
          "commit"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive) to perpetrate or commit a crime"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "ja",
          "name": "Grammar",
          "orig": "ja:Grammar",
          "parents": [
            "Linguistics",
            "Language",
            "Social sciences",
            "Communication",
            "Sciences",
            "Society",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "27 25 18 31",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese links with manual fragments",
          "parents": [
            "Links with manual fragments",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "32 27 19 23",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant alt parameters",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "32 27 19 22",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant wikilinks",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "29 32 18 21",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "31 28 20 21",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with redundant sortkeys",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to conjugate; to inflect; to decline"
      ],
      "id": "en-働く-ja-verb-g~k-UOHb",
      "links": [
        [
          "grammar",
          "grammar"
        ],
        [
          "conjugate",
          "conjugate"
        ],
        [
          "inflect",
          "inflect"
        ],
        [
          "decline",
          "decline"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(grammar) to conjugate; to inflect; to decline"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "grammar",
        "human-sciences",
        "linguistics",
        "sciences"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "other": "はたらく"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ha̠ta̠ɾa̠kɯ̟ᵝ]"
    }
  ],
  "word": "働く"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
    "Japanese intransitive verbs",
    "Japanese lemmas",
    "Japanese links with manual fragments",
    "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
    "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
    "Japanese terms spelled with fourth grade kanji",
    "Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
    "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
    "Japanese terms written with one Han script character",
    "Japanese type 1 verbs",
    "Japanese verbs"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "はた",
        "2": "",
        "pos": "adverb, referring to the sound of objects bumping together"
      },
      "expansion": "はた (hata, adverb, referring to the sound of objects bumping together)",
      "name": "ja-r"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "旗",
        "3": "",
        "4": "flag",
        "pos": "from the sound of a flag flapping",
        "tr": "hata"
      },
      "expansion": "旗 (hata, “flag”, from the sound of a flag flapping)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "機",
        "3": "",
        "4": "a loom",
        "pos": "from the sound of the shuttle or the workings of the batten",
        "tr": "hata"
      },
      "expansion": "機 (hata, “a loom”, from the sound of the shuttle or the workings of the batten)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "はたはた",
        "2": "",
        "3": "working diligently"
      },
      "expansion": "はたはた (hatahata, “working diligently”)",
      "name": "ja-r"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "はためく",
        "2": "",
        "3": "to flutter, flap, flicker, whip"
      },
      "expansion": "はためく (hatameku, “to flutter, flap, flicker, whip”)",
      "name": "ja-r"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Most likely derived ultimately from a mimetic word はた (hata, adverb, referring to the sound of objects bumping together), in turn possibly cognate with 旗 (hata, “flag”, from the sound of a flag flapping) and 機 (hata, “a loom”, from the sound of the shuttle or the workings of the batten).\nCompare also adverb はたはた (hatahata, “working diligently”), verb はためく (hatameku, “to flutter, flap, flicker, whip”).\nFirst cited in the late 900s, with the sense of \"to move one's body\".",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "働く",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "働",
          "はたら"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hataraku",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "働き",
      "roman": "hataraki",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "働",
          "はたら"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "働いた",
      "roman": "hataraita",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "働",
          "はたら"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ja-go-ku",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "働か",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "はたらか",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hataraka",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "働き",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "はたらき",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hataraki",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "働く",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "はたらく",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hataraku",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "働け",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "はたらけ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hatarake",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "働かれる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "はたらかれる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hatarakareru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "働かせる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "働かす",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "はたらかせる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "はたらかす",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hatarakaseru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hatarakasu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "働ける",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "はたらける",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hatarakeru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "働こう",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "はたらこう",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hatarakō",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "働かない",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "はたらかない",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hatarakanai",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "働かず",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "はたらかず",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hatarakazu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "働きます",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "はたらきます",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hatarakimasu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "働いた",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "はたらいた",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hataraita",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "働いて",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "はたらいて",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hataraite",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "働けば",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "はたらけば",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hatarakeba",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "はたらく",
        "tr": "intrans",
        "type": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "働(はたら)く • (hataraku) intransitive godan (stem 働(はたら)き (hataraki), past 働(はたら)いた (hataraita))",
      "name": "ja-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Japanese terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "I intend to work until 10 o'clock.",
          "roman": "Jū-ji made hataraku tsumori da.",
          "ruby": [
            [
              "10",
              "じゅう"
            ],
            [
              "時",
              "じ"
            ],
            [
              "働",
              "はたら"
            ],
            [
              "積",
              "つ"
            ]
          ],
          "text": "10時まで働く積もりだ。"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to work at a job, to labour"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "work",
          "work"
        ],
        [
          "labour",
          "labour"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Japanese terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "The switch isn't working.",
          "roman": "Suitchi ga hataraite nai.",
          "ruby": [
            [
              "働",
              "はたら"
            ]
          ],
          "text": "スイッチが働いてない。"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to work properly, to operate, to function; to carry out one's function, to be effective, to come into play"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "work",
          "work"
        ],
        [
          "operate",
          "operate"
        ],
        [
          "function",
          "function"
        ],
        [
          "carry out",
          "carry out"
        ],
        [
          "effective",
          "effective"
        ],
        [
          "come into play",
          "come into play"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
        "Japanese terms with usage examples",
        "Japanese transitive verbs"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "She commits theft.",
          "roman": "Kanojo wa nusumi o hataraku.",
          "ruby": [
            [
              "彼女",
              "かのじょ"
            ],
            [
              "盗",
              "ぬす"
            ],
            [
              "働",
              "はたら"
            ]
          ],
          "text": "彼女は盗みを働く。"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to perpetrate or commit a crime"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "perpetrate",
          "perpetrate"
        ],
        [
          "commit",
          "commit"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive) to perpetrate or commit a crime"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
        "ja:Grammar"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to conjugate; to inflect; to decline"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "grammar",
          "grammar"
        ],
        [
          "conjugate",
          "conjugate"
        ],
        [
          "inflect",
          "inflect"
        ],
        [
          "decline",
          "decline"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(grammar) to conjugate; to inflect; to decline"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "grammar",
        "human-sciences",
        "linguistics",
        "sciences"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "other": "はたらく"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ha̠ta̠ɾa̠kɯ̟ᵝ]"
    }
  ],
  "word": "働く"
}

{
  "called_from": "parser/1336",
  "msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
  "path": [
    "働く"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "働く",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/735",
  "msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Mizenkei (\"imperfective\")'",
  "path": [
    "働く"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "働く",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/735",
  "msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Ren’yōkei (\"continuative\")'",
  "path": [
    "働く"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "働く",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/735",
  "msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Shūshikei (\"terminal\")'",
  "path": [
    "働く"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "働く",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/735",
  "msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Rentaikei (\"attributive\")'",
  "path": [
    "働く"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "働く",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/735",
  "msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Kateikei (\"hypothetical\")'",
  "path": [
    "働く"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "働く",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/735",
  "msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Meireikei (\"imperative\")'",
  "path": [
    "働く"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "働く",
  "trace": ""
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Japanese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-05 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.