"人間" meaning in Japanese

See 人間 in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

IPA: [ɲ̟ĩŋɡẽ̞ɴ] Forms: 人間 [canonical] (ruby: (にん), (げん)), ningen [romanization]
Etymology: From Middle Chinese 人間 (MC nyin kean|keanH). Analyzable as a compound of "people" + "among; space". First cited to a text from 984. The kanji spelling is cited earlier in a kanbun passage in the Shoku Nihongi of 756, listed in some references with the reading jinkan. However, the extant copies of this work that include phonetic guides are centuries younger than this first date, raising the possibility that the ningen reading might itself date from 756. Etymology templates: {{etymid|ja|ningen}}, {{bor|ja|ltc|-|sort=にんげん}} Middle Chinese, {{ltc-l|人間}} 人間 (MC nyin kean|keanH) Head templates: {{ja-noun|にんげん}} 人(にん)間(げん) • (ningen)
  1. human, person, human being
    Sense id: en-人間-ja-noun-3ywq7adN Categories (other): Japanese entries with incorrect language header, Japanese links with redundant alt parameters, Japanese links with redundant wikilinks, Japanese terms with 2 kanji, Japanese terms with multiple readings, Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys, Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys, Human Disambiguation of Japanese entries with incorrect language header: 32 3 30 5 8 22 Disambiguation of Japanese links with redundant alt parameters: 36 3 21 5 9 25 Disambiguation of Japanese links with redundant wikilinks: 37 3 20 6 9 26 Disambiguation of Japanese terms with 2 kanji: 40 4 13 6 10 28 Disambiguation of Japanese terms with multiple readings: 32 3 30 5 8 22 Disambiguation of Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys: 28 2 21 9 12 27 Disambiguation of Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys: 60 5 35 Disambiguation of Human: 68 0 32 0 0 0
  2. personality, character
    Sense id: en-人間-ja-noun-i8IqZXFR
  3. (Buddhism) literally meaning: "human society", referring to one of the six realms of reincarnation in Buddhist cosmology (more commonly referred to with the jinkan reading)
    Sense id: en-人間-ja-noun-wAAMobtV Categories (other): Buddhism, Japanese entries with incorrect language header, Japanese terms with multiple readings, Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys, Pages with 6 entries, Pages with entries Disambiguation of Japanese entries with incorrect language header: 32 3 30 5 8 22 Disambiguation of Japanese terms with multiple readings: 32 3 30 5 8 22 Disambiguation of Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys: 28 2 21 9 12 27 Disambiguation of Pages with 6 entries: 8 7 40 7 15 7 8 7 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 7 5 54 5 12 5 7 5 Topics: Buddhism, lifestyle, religion
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Related terms: 人類 (jinrui) [person], 人物 (jinbutsu) [person]
Etymology number: 1

Noun

Forms: 人間 [canonical] (ruby: (じん), (かん)), jinkan [romanization]
Etymology: From Middle Chinese 人間 (MC nyin kean|keanH). Analyzable as a compound of "people" + "among; space". First cited in a kanbun passage in the Shoku Nihongi of 756, listed in some references with the reading jinkan. However, the extant copies of this work that include phonetic guides are centuries younger than this first date, raising the possibility that the jinkan reading might be younger than this date. Etymology templates: {{etymid|ja|jinkan}}, {{bor|ja|ltc|-|sort=しんかん'}} Middle Chinese, {{ltc-l|人間}} 人間 (MC nyin kean|keanH) Head templates: {{ja-noun|じんかん}} 人(じん)間(かん) • (jinkan)
  1. (archaic) the world in which people live; the world, society Tags: archaic Synonyms: 世の中 (yo no naka) (ruby: (), (なか)), 世間 (seken) (ruby: (), (けん))
    Sense id: en-人間-ja-noun--czyNbAf Categories (other): Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 2

Noun

Forms: 人間 [canonical] (ruby: (ひと), ()), hitoma [romanization]
Etymology: A compound of 人 (hito, “people”) + 間 (ma, “gap”). First cited to the Nihon Shoki of 720, and also attested in the Man'yōshū of 759. Etymology templates: {{etymid|ja|hitoma}}, {{compound|ja|人|間|sort=ひとま|t1=people|t2=gap|tr1=hito|tr2=ma}} 人 (hito, “people”) + 間 (ma, “gap”) Head templates: {{ja-noun|ひとま}} 人(ひと)間(ま) • (hitoma)
  1. (dated, rare) a place devoid of people Tags: dated, rare
    Sense id: en-人間-ja-noun-INH8PUSg Categories (other): Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys, Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys Disambiguation of Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys: 28 2 21 9 12 27
  2. (dated, rare) a period of no contact with a person Tags: dated, rare
    Sense id: en-人間-ja-noun-sKcrIeX9 Categories (other): Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys, Japanese entries with incorrect language header, Japanese terms with multiple readings, Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys Disambiguation of Japanese entries with incorrect language header: 32 3 30 5 8 22 Disambiguation of Japanese terms with multiple readings: 32 3 30 5 8 22 Disambiguation of Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys: 28 2 21 9 12 27
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 3
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      "expansion": "人間 (MC nyin kean|keanH)",
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  "etymology_text": "From Middle Chinese 人間 (MC nyin kean|keanH). Analyzable as a compound of \"people\" + \"among; space\".\nFirst cited to a text from 984. The kanji spelling is cited earlier in a kanbun passage in the Shoku Nihongi of 756, listed in some references with the reading jinkan. However, the extant copies of this work that include phonetic guides are centuries younger than this first date, raising the possibility that the ningen reading might itself date from 756.",
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  "senses": [
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      "categories": [
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          "_dis": "32 3 30 5 8 22",
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          "english": "human society",
          "roman": "ningen shakai",
          "ruby": [
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            [
              "社会",
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          "text": "人間社会",
          "type": "example"
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        "human, person, human being"
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      "id": "en-人間-ja-noun-3ywq7adN",
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          "name": "Buddhism",
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          "_dis": "32 3 30 5 8 22",
          "kind": "other",
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        "(Buddhism) literally meaning: \"human society\", referring to one of the six realms of reincarnation in Buddhist cosmology (more commonly referred to with the jinkan reading)"
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        "lifestyle",
        "religion"
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      "other": "にんげん"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ɲ̟ĩŋɡẽ̞ɴ]"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Nihon Kokugo Daijiten",
    "Shoku Nihongi"
  ],
  "word": "人間"
}

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        "a period of no contact with a person"
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  ],
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{
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      },
      "expansion": "人間 (MC nyin kean|keanH)",
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  "related": [
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      "roman": "jinrui",
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      "word": "人類"
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    {
      "roman": "jinbutsu",
      "tags": [
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      "categories": [
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          "english": "human society",
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              "人間",
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              "社会",
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      ],
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        "human, person, human being"
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    {
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      "links": [
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          "personality",
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        ],
        [
          "character",
          "character"
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      ]
    },
    {
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      "glosses": [
        "literally meaning: \"human society\", referring to one of the six realms of reincarnation in Buddhist cosmology (more commonly referred to with the jinkan reading)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Buddhism",
          "Buddhism"
        ],
        [
          "reincarnation",
          "reincarnation"
        ],
        [
          "cosmology",
          "cosmology"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(Buddhism) literally meaning: \"human society\", referring to one of the six realms of reincarnation in Buddhist cosmology (more commonly referred to with the jinkan reading)"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "Buddhism",
        "lifestyle",
        "religion"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "other": "にんげん"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ɲ̟ĩŋɡẽ̞ɴ]"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Nihon Kokugo Daijiten",
    "Shoku Nihongi"
  ],
  "word": "人間"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Japanese compound terms",
    "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
    "Japanese lemmas",
    "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
    "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
    "Japanese nouns",
    "Japanese terms borrowed from Middle Chinese",
    "Japanese terms derived from Middle Chinese",
    "Japanese terms spelled with first grade kanji",
    "Japanese terms spelled with second grade kanji",
    "Japanese terms with 2 kanji",
    "Japanese terms with multiple readings",
    "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
    "Pages with 6 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "ja:Human"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "jinkan"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "etymid"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "ltc",
        "3": "-",
        "sort": "しんかん'"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Chinese",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "人間"
      },
      "expansion": "人間 (MC nyin kean|keanH)",
      "name": "ltc-l"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle Chinese 人間 (MC nyin kean|keanH). Analyzable as a compound of \"people\" + \"among; space\".\nFirst cited in a kanbun passage in the Shoku Nihongi of 756, listed in some references with the reading jinkan. However, the extant copies of this work that include phonetic guides are centuries younger than this first date, raising the possibility that the jinkan reading might be younger than this date.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "人間",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "人",
          "じん"
        ],
        [
          "間",
          "かん"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "jinkan",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "じんかん"
      },
      "expansion": "人(じん)間(かん) • (jinkan)",
      "name": "ja-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Japanese terms with archaic senses",
        "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "the world in which people live; the world, society"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "world",
          "world"
        ],
        [
          "society",
          "society"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(archaic) the world in which people live; the world, society"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "archaic"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "roman": "yo no naka",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "世",
          "よ"
        ],
        [
          "中",
          "なか"
        ]
      ],
      "word": "世の中"
    },
    {
      "roman": "seken",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "世",
          "せ"
        ],
        [
          "間",
          "けん"
        ]
      ],
      "word": "世間"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Shoku Nihongi"
  ],
  "word": "人間"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Japanese compound terms",
    "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
    "Japanese lemmas",
    "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
    "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
    "Japanese nouns",
    "Japanese terms spelled with first grade kanji",
    "Japanese terms spelled with second grade kanji",
    "Japanese terms with 2 kanji",
    "Japanese terms with multiple readings",
    "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
    "Pages with 6 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "ja:Human"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 3,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "hitoma"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "etymid"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "人",
        "3": "間",
        "sort": "ひとま",
        "t1": "people",
        "t2": "gap",
        "tr1": "hito",
        "tr2": "ma"
      },
      "expansion": "人 (hito, “people”) + 間 (ma, “gap”)",
      "name": "compound"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "A compound of 人 (hito, “people”) + 間 (ma, “gap”). First cited to the Nihon Shoki of 720, and also attested in the Man'yōshū of 759.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "人間",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "人",
          "ひと"
        ],
        [
          "間",
          "ま"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hitoma",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ひとま"
      },
      "expansion": "人(ひと)間(ま) • (hitoma)",
      "name": "ja-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Japanese dated terms",
        "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
        "Japanese terms with rare senses"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "a place devoid of people"
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(dated, rare) a place devoid of people"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "dated",
        "rare"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Japanese dated terms",
        "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
        "Japanese terms with rare senses"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "a period of no contact with a person"
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(dated, rare) a period of no contact with a person"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "dated",
        "rare"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Man'yōshū",
    "Nihon Shoki"
  ],
  "word": "人間"
}

Download raw JSONL data for 人間 meaning in Japanese (7.5kB)

{
  "called_from": "parser/1336",
  "msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
  "path": [
    "人間"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "人間",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "parser/1336",
  "msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
  "path": [
    "人間"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "人間",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "parser/1336",
  "msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
  "path": [
    "人間"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "人間",
  "trace": ""
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Japanese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-06-05 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-06-01 using wiktextract (5ee713e and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.