See よう in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for よう meaning in Japanese (18.9kB)
{
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "table",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "-む"
},
"expansion": "む (-mu)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "む",
"pos": "/mu/"
},
"expansion": "む (mu, /mu/)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "う",
"pos": "/u/"
},
"expansion": "う (u, /u/)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "未然形",
"3": "",
"4": "irrealis or incomplete form",
"tr": "mizenkei"
},
"expansion": "未然形 (mizenkei, “irrealis or incomplete form”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "よう",
"pos": "/joː/"
},
"expansion": "よう (yō, /joː/)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "上一段活用",
"3": "",
"4": "upper monograde",
"tr": "kami ichidan"
},
"expansion": "上一段活用 (kami ichidan, “upper monograde”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "",
"3": "見む",
"pos": "/mimu/",
"tr": "mimu"
},
"expansion": "見む (mimu, /mimu/)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "",
"3": "見う",
"pos": "/miu/",
"tr": "miu"
},
"expansion": "見う (miu, /miu/)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "",
"3": "見う",
"pos": "/mjoː/",
"tr": "myō"
},
"expansion": "見う (myō, /mjoː/)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "",
"3": "見よう",
"pos": "/mijoː/",
"tr": "miyō"
},
"expansion": "見よう (miyō, /mijoː/)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "下一段活用",
"3": "",
"4": "lower monograde",
"tr": "shimo ichidan"
},
"expansion": "下一段活用 (shimo ichidan, “lower monograde”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "",
"3": "上げむ",
"pos": "/aɡemu/",
"tr": "agemu"
},
"expansion": "上げむ (agemu, /aɡemu/)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "",
"3": "上げう",
"pos": "/aɡeu/",
"tr": "ageu"
},
"expansion": "上げう (ageu, /aɡeu/)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "",
"3": "上げう",
"pos": "/aɡjoː/",
"tr": "agyō"
},
"expansion": "上げう (agyō, /aɡjoː/)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "",
"3": "上げよう",
"pos": "/aɡejoː/",
"tr": "ageyō"
},
"expansion": "上げよう (ageyō, /aɡejoː/)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "する",
"tr": "suru"
},
"expansion": "する (suru)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "せ"
},
"expansion": "せ (se)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "",
"3": "せむ",
"pos": "/ɕemu/",
"tr": "shemu"
},
"expansion": "せむ (shemu, /ɕemu/)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "",
"3": "せう",
"pos": "/ɕeu/",
"tr": "sheu"
},
"expansion": "せう (sheu, /ɕeu/)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "",
"3": "せう",
"pos": "/ɕoː/",
"tr": "shō"
},
"expansion": "せう (shō, /ɕoː/)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "",
"3": "しよう",
"pos": "/ɕijoː/",
"tr": "shiyō"
},
"expansion": "しよう (shiyō, /ɕijoː/)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "来る",
"tr": "kuru"
},
"expansion": "来る (kuru)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "",
"3": "来む",
"pos": "/komu/",
"tr": "komu"
},
"expansion": "来む (komu, /komu/)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "",
"3": "来う",
"pos": "/kou/",
"tr": "kou"
},
"expansion": "来う (kou, /kou/)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "",
"3": "来う",
"pos": "/koː/",
"tr": "kō"
},
"expansion": "来う (kō, /koː/)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "",
"3": "来よう",
"pos": "/kojoː/",
"tr": "koyō"
},
"expansion": "来よう (koyō, /kojoː/)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "四段活用",
"3": "",
"4": "quadrigrade conjugation",
"tr": "yodan katsuyō"
},
"expansion": "四段活用 (yodan katsuyō, “quadrigrade conjugation”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "五段活用",
"3": "",
"4": "quintigrade conjugation",
"tr": "godan katsuyō"
},
"expansion": "五段活用 (godan katsuyō, “quintigrade conjugation”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "",
"3": "行かむ",
"pos": "/ikamu/",
"tr": "ikamu"
},
"expansion": "行かむ (ikamu, /ikamu/)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "",
"3": "行かう",
"pos": "/ikau/",
"tr": "ikau"
},
"expansion": "行かう (ikau, /ikau/)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "",
"3": "行かう",
"pos": "/ikɔː/",
"tr": "ikau"
},
"expansion": "行かう (ikau, /ikɔː/)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "",
"3": "行こう",
"pos": "/ikoː/",
"tr": "ikō"
},
"expansion": "行こう (ikō, /ikoː/)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "table /mu/ → /ũ/ → /u/ → (for type 2 (ichidan) and type 3 (irregular) verbs) /joː/\nFrom Classical Japanese suppositional / volitional / hortative suffix む (-mu).\nDevelopment\nThe volitional verb suffix was originally む (mu, /mu/). This regularly shifted to a nasalized /ũ/, which then lost its nasalization and was reinterpreted as regular う (u, /u/) by roughly the Kamakura period (1185–1333).\nThis suffix grammatically attached to the 未然形 (mizenkei, “irrealis or incomplete form”) of the verb. Regular sound changes then gave rise to the modern よう (yō, /joː/) ending, initially via fusion of the vowel sounds, and then by a reanalysis of the resulting fused -yō as the suffix to be added to the mizenkei stem. This reformulation as verb stem + suffix -yō started in the late Muromachi period (1336–1573) and continued through the Edo period in 1603–1868).\n* 上一段活用 (kami ichidan, “upper monograde”) verbs with mizenkei stems ending in -i:\n:: 見む (mimu, /mimu/) → 見う (miu, /miu/) → 見う (myō, /mjoː/) → 見よう (miyō, /mijoː/)\n* 下一段活用 (shimo ichidan, “lower monograde”) verbs with mizenkei stems ending in -e:\n:: 上げむ (agemu, /aɡemu/) → 上げう (ageu, /aɡeu/) → 上げう (agyō, /aɡjoː/) → 上げよう (ageyō, /aɡejoː/)\n* The irregular verb する (suru) underwent further changes. The classical mizenkei stem ended in -e, and せ (se) in classical Japanese was pronounced more as she. Around the same time that the fused shō was separating again into a verb stem + suffix, the mizenkei stem shifted to end in i:\n:: せむ (shemu, /ɕemu/) → せう (sheu, /ɕeu/) → せう (shō, /ɕoː/) → しよう (shiyō, /ɕijoː/)\n* The irregular verb 来る (kuru) has a mizenkei stem ending in -o. This stem includes no front-vowel sound like /e/ or /i/ that might produce the palatal glide in /joː/, and here, the final -yō arose as a parallel construction with the above verb paradigms:\n:: 来む (komu, /komu/) → 来う (kou, /kou/) → 来う (kō, /koː/) → 来よう (koyō, /kojoː/)\nMeanwhile, for regular classical 四段活用 (yodan katsuyō, “quadrigrade conjugation”) verbs, the mizenkei stem ends in -a. This ultimately fused with the -u suffix form to produce -ō, resulting in the modern regular 五段活用 (godan katsuyō, “quintigrade conjugation”).\n:: 行かむ (ikamu, /ikamu/) → 行かう (ikau, /ikau/) → 行かう (ikau, /ikɔː/) → 行こう (ikō, /ikoː/)",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-yō",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "suffix",
"type": "-"
},
"expansion": "よう • (-yō) uninflectable",
"name": "ja-pos"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "suffix",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "-u",
"word": "う"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "-mu",
"word": "む"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "-n",
"word": "ん"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "I will go to bed before long.",
"roman": "Sorosoro neyō.",
"ruby": [
[
"寝",
"ね"
]
],
"text": "そろそろ寝よう。"
},
{
"english": "I'm thinking I will eat something delicious.",
"roman": "Oishii mono o tabeyō to omotte imasu.",
"ruby": [
[
"美",
"お"
],
[
"味",
"い"
],
[
"食",
"た"
],
[
"思",
"おも"
]
],
"text": "美味しいものを食べようと思っています。"
}
],
"glosses": [
"volitional: expressing one's will or intention to do something"
],
"id": "en-よう-ja-suffix-CjLQGi~Y",
"links": [
[
"volitional",
"volitional#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Let's do that.",
"roman": "Sō shiyō.",
"text": "そうしよう。",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "Let's get started.",
"roman": "Sā, hajimeyō.",
"ruby": [
[
"始",
"はじ"
]
],
"text": "さあ、始めよう。"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hortative: inducing or stimulating other person to do something"
],
"id": "en-よう-ja-suffix-pvXMqyNk",
"links": [
[
"hortative",
"hortative#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "1 2 2 3 5 25 26 10 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 3 2 2 4 24 25 13 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 4 3 3 4 23 25 13 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 5 25 27 16 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant script codes",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 3 2 2 4 24 25 14 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "I am trying to surpass others.",
"roman": "Hito ni sugureyō to shite imasu.",
"ruby": [
[
"人",
"ひと"
],
[
"優",
"すぐ"
]
],
"text": "人に優れようとしています。"
}
],
"glosses": [
"volitional: followed by とする (to suru): to try to do; to attempt to do"
],
"id": "en-よう-ja-suffix-~kFa78aF",
"links": [
[
"volitional",
"volitional#English"
],
[
"と",
"と#Japanese"
],
[
"する",
"する#Japanese"
],
[
"to suru",
"to suru#Japanese"
],
[
"try",
"try"
],
[
"attempt",
"attempt"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "1 2 2 3 5 25 26 10 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 3 2 2 4 24 25 13 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 4 3 3 4 23 25 13 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 5 25 27 16 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant script codes",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 3 2 2 4 24 25 14 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "I got a phone call when I was about to go out.",
"roman": "Dekakeyō to shita toki, denwa ga kakatte kita.",
"ruby": [
[
"出",
"で"
],
[
"時",
"とき"
],
[
"電",
"でん"
],
[
"話",
"わ"
]
],
"text": "出かけようとした時、電話がかかってきた。"
}
],
"glosses": [
"followed by とする (to suru): to be about to do; to be on the verge of doing"
],
"id": "en-よう-ja-suffix-Acvr1352",
"links": [
[
"と",
"と#Japanese"
],
[
"する",
"する#Japanese"
],
[
"to suru",
"to suru#Japanese"
],
[
"about",
"about"
],
[
"on the verge of",
"on the verge of"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "1 2 2 3 5 25 26 10 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 3 2 2 4 24 25 13 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 4 3 3 4 23 25 13 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 5 25 27 16 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant script codes",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 3 2 2 4 24 25 14 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 4 16 21 33 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Links likely containing transcriptions in pos",
"orig": "links likely containing transcriptions in pos",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "We can probably say that there is no problem.",
"roman": "Mondai wa nai to ieyō.",
"ruby": [
[
"問",
"もん"
],
[
"題",
"だい"
],
[
"言",
"い"
]
],
"text": "問題はないと言えよう。"
}
],
"glosses": [
"suppositional: expressing what is likely the case"
],
"id": "en-よう-ja-suffix-TMkBezZB",
"links": [
[
"suppositional",
"suppositional#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic, formal) suppositional: expressing what is likely the case"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "だろう"
},
{
"word": "でしょう"
}
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"formal",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "1 2 2 3 5 25 26 10 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 2 2 3 19 21 11 40",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 3 2 2 4 24 25 13 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 4 3 3 4 23 25 13 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 5 25 27 16 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant script codes",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 3 2 2 4 24 25 14 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ruby": [
[
"願",
"ねが"
],
[
"叶",
"かな"
],
[
"私",
"わたし"
],
[
"万",
"まん"
],
[
"華",
"げ"
],
[
"鏡",
"きょう"
],
[
"呼",
"よ"
],
[
"呼",
"よ"
],
[
"思",
"おも"
]
],
"text": "Blog｜細井厚子の万華鏡｜透明な花\nその願いが叶うなら、私の万華鏡がオモチャと呼ばれようが、ガラクタと呼ばれようが、そんなことはどうでもいいと思っています。\nSono negai ga kanau nara, watashi no mangekyō ga omocha to yobareyō ga, garakuta to yobareyō ga, sonna koto wa dō de mo ii to omotte imasu.\nI don't think I will be concerned whether my kaleidoscope is called a toy or rubbish, as long as that wish is fulfilled."
}
],
"glosses": [
"(followed by が (ga) or と (to), often in parallel) whether … or …",
"whether … or …"
],
"id": "en-よう-ja-suffix-aJy7YUge",
"links": [
[
"が",
"が#Japanese"
],
[
"と",
"と#Japanese"
],
[
"whether",
"whether"
],
[
"or",
"or"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(followed by が (ga) or と (to), often in parallel) whether … or …"
],
"raw_tags": [
"followed by が (ga) or と (to)",
"in parallel"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"often"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[jo̞ː]"
},
{
"other": "よう"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Daijisen",
"Edo period",
"Kamakura period",
"Muromachi period",
"Shogakukan",
"Tōkyō",
"ja:大辞林",
"ja:大辞泉",
"ja:松村明",
"palatal glide"
],
"word": "よう"
}
{
"etymology_number": 4,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "interjection"
},
"expansion": "table",
"name": "etymid"
}
],
"etymology_text": "table",
"forms": [
{
"form": "yō",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "interjection"
},
"expansion": "よう • (yō)",
"name": "ja-pos"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "intj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Yo! Howdy?",
"roman": "Yō, genki?",
"ruby": [
[
"元",
"げん"
],
[
"気",
"き"
]
],
"text": "よう、元気？"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A very informal greeting similar to yo."
],
"id": "en-よう-ja-intj-fP0vjrV0",
"links": [
[
"yo",
"yo#English"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Hey, wait.",
"roman": "Yō, mateyo.",
"ruby": [
[
"待",
"ま"
]
],
"text": "よう、待てよ。"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A very informal (rude) interjection similar to hey."
],
"id": "en-よう-ja-intj-BPXsnJJk",
"links": [
[
"hey",
"hey#English"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[jo̞ː]"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "yā",
"word": "やあ"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "nē",
"word": "ねえ"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "ossu",
"word": "オッス"
}
],
"word": "よう"
}
{
"etymology_number": 5,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "table",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ウ音便",
"tr": "u-onbin"
},
"expansion": "ウ音便 (u-onbin)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "良く",
"2": "よく"
},
"expansion": "良(よ)く (yoku)",
"name": "ja-r"
}
],
"etymology_text": "table\nウ音便 (u-onbin) of Standard Japanese 良(よ)く (yoku).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "yō",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "adjective form"
},
"expansion": "よう • (yō)",
"name": "ja-pos"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "yoku",
"word": "よく"
}
],
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ruby": [
[
"来",
"き"
]
],
"text": "よう来たな。\nYō kita na."
},
{
"english": "(Kansai) Rinse your hands well using water. Then, use the soap by making suds.",
"ref": "2020 May 4, フィルムエストTV, 【20年4月20日】有事に関する定時報告放送",
"roman": "O-mizu de te o yō nurashite kudasai. Soshite, sekken wa awadatete tsukōte kudasai.",
"ruby": [
[
"水",
"みず"
],
[
"手",
"て"
],
[
"良",
"よ"
],
[
"濡",
"ぬ"
],
[
"石",
"せっ"
],
[
"鹸",
"けん"
],
[
"泡",
"あわ"
],
[
"立",
"だ"
],
[
"使",
"つこ"
]
],
"text": "お水で手を良う濡らしてください。そして、石鹸は泡立てて使うてください。"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of よく (yoku)"
],
"id": "en-よう-ja-adj-db5mTvUj",
"links": [
[
"よく",
"よく#Japanese"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[jo̞ː]"
}
],
"word": "よう"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese adjective forms",
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese hiragana",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese non-lemma forms",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys"
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "soft-redirect",
"redirects": [
"用",
"曜",
"羊",
"洋",
"葉",
"陽",
"様",
"要",
"養",
"容",
"幼",
"妖",
"庸",
"揚",
"揺",
"溶",
"腰",
"瘍",
"踊",
"窯",
"擁",
"謡",
"遥",
"傭",
"楊",
"耀",
"鷹",
"夭",
"拗",
"涌",
"痒",
"蛹",
"熔",
"膺",
"邀",
"鎔"
],
"word": "よう"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese adjective forms",
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese hiragana",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese non-lemma forms",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys"
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "soft-redirect",
"redirects": [
"酔う"
],
"word": "よう"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese adjective forms",
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese hiragana",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese non-lemma forms",
"Japanese suffixes",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Japanese terms with redundant script codes",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"links likely containing transcriptions in pos"
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "table",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "-む"
},
"expansion": "む (-mu)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "む",
"pos": "/mu/"
},
"expansion": "む (mu, /mu/)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "う",
"pos": "/u/"
},
"expansion": "う (u, /u/)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "未然形",
"3": "",
"4": "irrealis or incomplete form",
"tr": "mizenkei"
},
"expansion": "未然形 (mizenkei, “irrealis or incomplete form”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "よう",
"pos": "/joː/"
},
"expansion": "よう (yō, /joː/)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "上一段活用",
"3": "",
"4": "upper monograde",
"tr": "kami ichidan"
},
"expansion": "上一段活用 (kami ichidan, “upper monograde”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "",
"3": "見む",
"pos": "/mimu/",
"tr": "mimu"
},
"expansion": "見む (mimu, /mimu/)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "",
"3": "見う",
"pos": "/miu/",
"tr": "miu"
},
"expansion": "見う (miu, /miu/)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "",
"3": "見う",
"pos": "/mjoː/",
"tr": "myō"
},
"expansion": "見う (myō, /mjoː/)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "",
"3": "見よう",
"pos": "/mijoː/",
"tr": "miyō"
},
"expansion": "見よう (miyō, /mijoː/)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "下一段活用",
"3": "",
"4": "lower monograde",
"tr": "shimo ichidan"
},
"expansion": "下一段活用 (shimo ichidan, “lower monograde”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "",
"3": "上げむ",
"pos": "/aɡemu/",
"tr": "agemu"
},
"expansion": "上げむ (agemu, /aɡemu/)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "",
"3": "上げう",
"pos": "/aɡeu/",
"tr": "ageu"
},
"expansion": "上げう (ageu, /aɡeu/)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "",
"3": "上げう",
"pos": "/aɡjoː/",
"tr": "agyō"
},
"expansion": "上げう (agyō, /aɡjoː/)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "",
"3": "上げよう",
"pos": "/aɡejoː/",
"tr": "ageyō"
},
"expansion": "上げよう (ageyō, /aɡejoː/)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "する",
"tr": "suru"
},
"expansion": "する (suru)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "せ"
},
"expansion": "せ (se)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "",
"3": "せむ",
"pos": "/ɕemu/",
"tr": "shemu"
},
"expansion": "せむ (shemu, /ɕemu/)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "",
"3": "せう",
"pos": "/ɕeu/",
"tr": "sheu"
},
"expansion": "せう (sheu, /ɕeu/)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "",
"3": "せう",
"pos": "/ɕoː/",
"tr": "shō"
},
"expansion": "せう (shō, /ɕoː/)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "",
"3": "しよう",
"pos": "/ɕijoː/",
"tr": "shiyō"
},
"expansion": "しよう (shiyō, /ɕijoː/)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "来る",
"tr": "kuru"
},
"expansion": "来る (kuru)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "",
"3": "来む",
"pos": "/komu/",
"tr": "komu"
},
"expansion": "来む (komu, /komu/)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "",
"3": "来う",
"pos": "/kou/",
"tr": "kou"
},
"expansion": "来う (kou, /kou/)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "",
"3": "来う",
"pos": "/koː/",
"tr": "kō"
},
"expansion": "来う (kō, /koː/)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "",
"3": "来よう",
"pos": "/kojoː/",
"tr": "koyō"
},
"expansion": "来よう (koyō, /kojoː/)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "四段活用",
"3": "",
"4": "quadrigrade conjugation",
"tr": "yodan katsuyō"
},
"expansion": "四段活用 (yodan katsuyō, “quadrigrade conjugation”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "五段活用",
"3": "",
"4": "quintigrade conjugation",
"tr": "godan katsuyō"
},
"expansion": "五段活用 (godan katsuyō, “quintigrade conjugation”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "",
"3": "行かむ",
"pos": "/ikamu/",
"tr": "ikamu"
},
"expansion": "行かむ (ikamu, /ikamu/)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "",
"3": "行かう",
"pos": "/ikau/",
"tr": "ikau"
},
"expansion": "行かう (ikau, /ikau/)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "",
"3": "行かう",
"pos": "/ikɔː/",
"tr": "ikau"
},
"expansion": "行かう (ikau, /ikɔː/)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "",
"3": "行こう",
"pos": "/ikoː/",
"tr": "ikō"
},
"expansion": "行こう (ikō, /ikoː/)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "table /mu/ → /ũ/ → /u/ → (for type 2 (ichidan) and type 3 (irregular) verbs) /joː/\nFrom Classical Japanese suppositional / volitional / hortative suffix む (-mu).\nDevelopment\nThe volitional verb suffix was originally む (mu, /mu/). This regularly shifted to a nasalized /ũ/, which then lost its nasalization and was reinterpreted as regular う (u, /u/) by roughly the Kamakura period (1185–1333).\nThis suffix grammatically attached to the 未然形 (mizenkei, “irrealis or incomplete form”) of the verb. Regular sound changes then gave rise to the modern よう (yō, /joː/) ending, initially via fusion of the vowel sounds, and then by a reanalysis of the resulting fused -yō as the suffix to be added to the mizenkei stem. This reformulation as verb stem + suffix -yō started in the late Muromachi period (1336–1573) and continued through the Edo period in 1603–1868).\n* 上一段活用 (kami ichidan, “upper monograde”) verbs with mizenkei stems ending in -i:\n:: 見む (mimu, /mimu/) → 見う (miu, /miu/) → 見う (myō, /mjoː/) → 見よう (miyō, /mijoː/)\n* 下一段活用 (shimo ichidan, “lower monograde”) verbs with mizenkei stems ending in -e:\n:: 上げむ (agemu, /aɡemu/) → 上げう (ageu, /aɡeu/) → 上げう (agyō, /aɡjoː/) → 上げよう (ageyō, /aɡejoː/)\n* The irregular verb する (suru) underwent further changes. The classical mizenkei stem ended in -e, and せ (se) in classical Japanese was pronounced more as she. Around the same time that the fused shō was separating again into a verb stem + suffix, the mizenkei stem shifted to end in i:\n:: せむ (shemu, /ɕemu/) → せう (sheu, /ɕeu/) → せう (shō, /ɕoː/) → しよう (shiyō, /ɕijoː/)\n* The irregular verb 来る (kuru) has a mizenkei stem ending in -o. This stem includes no front-vowel sound like /e/ or /i/ that might produce the palatal glide in /joː/, and here, the final -yō arose as a parallel construction with the above verb paradigms:\n:: 来む (komu, /komu/) → 来う (kou, /kou/) → 来う (kō, /koː/) → 来よう (koyō, /kojoː/)\nMeanwhile, for regular classical 四段活用 (yodan katsuyō, “quadrigrade conjugation”) verbs, the mizenkei stem ends in -a. This ultimately fused with the -u suffix form to produce -ō, resulting in the modern regular 五段活用 (godan katsuyō, “quintigrade conjugation”).\n:: 行かむ (ikamu, /ikamu/) → 行かう (ikau, /ikau/) → 行かう (ikau, /ikɔː/) → 行こう (ikō, /ikoː/)",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-yō",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "suffix",
"type": "-"
},
"expansion": "よう • (-yō) uninflectable",
"name": "ja-pos"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "suffix",
"related": [
{
"roman": "-u",
"word": "う"
},
{
"roman": "-mu",
"word": "む"
},
{
"roman": "-n",
"word": "ん"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "I will go to bed before long.",
"roman": "Sorosoro neyō.",
"ruby": [
[
"寝",
"ね"
]
],
"text": "そろそろ寝よう。"
},
{
"english": "I'm thinking I will eat something delicious.",
"roman": "Oishii mono o tabeyō to omotte imasu.",
"ruby": [
[
"美",
"お"
],
[
"味",
"い"
],
[
"食",
"た"
],
[
"思",
"おも"
]
],
"text": "美味しいものを食べようと思っています。"
}
],
"glosses": [
"volitional: expressing one's will or intention to do something"
],
"links": [
[
"volitional",
"volitional#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Let's do that.",
"roman": "Sō shiyō.",
"text": "そうしよう。",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "Let's get started.",
"roman": "Sā, hajimeyō.",
"ruby": [
[
"始",
"はじ"
]
],
"text": "さあ、始めよう。"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hortative: inducing or stimulating other person to do something"
],
"links": [
[
"hortative",
"hortative#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Japanese terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "I am trying to surpass others.",
"roman": "Hito ni sugureyō to shite imasu.",
"ruby": [
[
"人",
"ひと"
],
[
"優",
"すぐ"
]
],
"text": "人に優れようとしています。"
}
],
"glosses": [
"volitional: followed by とする (to suru): to try to do; to attempt to do"
],
"links": [
[
"volitional",
"volitional#English"
],
[
"と",
"と#Japanese"
],
[
"する",
"する#Japanese"
],
[
"to suru",
"to suru#Japanese"
],
[
"try",
"try"
],
[
"attempt",
"attempt"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Japanese terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "I got a phone call when I was about to go out.",
"roman": "Dekakeyō to shita toki, denwa ga kakatte kita.",
"ruby": [
[
"出",
"で"
],
[
"時",
"とき"
],
[
"電",
"でん"
],
[
"話",
"わ"
]
],
"text": "出かけようとした時、電話がかかってきた。"
}
],
"glosses": [
"followed by とする (to suru): to be about to do; to be on the verge of doing"
],
"links": [
[
"と",
"と#Japanese"
],
[
"する",
"する#Japanese"
],
[
"to suru",
"to suru#Japanese"
],
[
"about",
"about"
],
[
"on the verge of",
"on the verge of"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Japanese formal terms",
"Japanese terms with archaic senses",
"Japanese terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "We can probably say that there is no problem.",
"roman": "Mondai wa nai to ieyō.",
"ruby": [
[
"問",
"もん"
],
[
"題",
"だい"
],
[
"言",
"い"
]
],
"text": "問題はないと言えよう。"
}
],
"glosses": [
"suppositional: expressing what is likely the case"
],
"links": [
[
"suppositional",
"suppositional#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic, formal) suppositional: expressing what is likely the case"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "だろう"
},
{
"word": "でしょう"
}
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"formal",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"ruby": [
[
"願",
"ねが"
],
[
"叶",
"かな"
],
[
"私",
"わたし"
],
[
"万",
"まん"
],
[
"華",
"げ"
],
[
"鏡",
"きょう"
],
[
"呼",
"よ"
],
[
"呼",
"よ"
],
[
"思",
"おも"
]
],
"text": "Blog｜細井厚子の万華鏡｜透明な花\nその願いが叶うなら、私の万華鏡がオモチャと呼ばれようが、ガラクタと呼ばれようが、そんなことはどうでもいいと思っています。\nSono negai ga kanau nara, watashi no mangekyō ga omocha to yobareyō ga, garakuta to yobareyō ga, sonna koto wa dō de mo ii to omotte imasu.\nI don't think I will be concerned whether my kaleidoscope is called a toy or rubbish, as long as that wish is fulfilled."
}
],
"glosses": [
"(followed by が (ga) or と (to), often in parallel) whether … or …",
"whether … or …"
],
"links": [
[
"が",
"が#Japanese"
],
[
"と",
"と#Japanese"
],
[
"whether",
"whether"
],
[
"or",
"or"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(followed by が (ga) or と (to), often in parallel) whether … or …"
],
"raw_tags": [
"followed by が (ga) or と (to)",
"in parallel"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"often"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[jo̞ː]"
},
{
"other": "よう"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Daijisen",
"Edo period",
"Kamakura period",
"Muromachi period",
"Shogakukan",
"Tōkyō",
"ja:大辞林",
"ja:大辞泉",
"ja:松村明",
"palatal glide"
],
"word": "よう"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese adjective forms",
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese hiragana",
"Japanese interjections",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese non-lemma forms",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys"
],
"etymology_number": 4,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "interjection"
},
"expansion": "table",
"name": "etymid"
}
],
"etymology_text": "table",
"forms": [
{
"form": "yō",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "interjection"
},
"expansion": "よう • (yō)",
"name": "ja-pos"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "intj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Yo! Howdy?",
"roman": "Yō, genki?",
"ruby": [
[
"元",
"げん"
],
[
"気",
"き"
]
],
"text": "よう、元気？"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A very informal greeting similar to yo."
],
"links": [
[
"yo",
"yo#English"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Hey, wait.",
"roman": "Yō, mateyo.",
"ruby": [
[
"待",
"ま"
]
],
"text": "よう、待てよ。"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A very informal (rude) interjection similar to hey."
],
"links": [
[
"hey",
"hey#English"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[jo̞ː]"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "yā",
"word": "やあ"
},
{
"roman": "nē",
"word": "ねえ"
},
{
"roman": "ossu",
"word": "オッス"
}
],
"word": "よう"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese adjective forms",
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese hiragana",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese non-lemma forms",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys"
],
"etymology_number": 5,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "table",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ウ音便",
"tr": "u-onbin"
},
"expansion": "ウ音便 (u-onbin)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "良く",
"2": "よく"
},
"expansion": "良(よ)く (yoku)",
"name": "ja-r"
}
],
"etymology_text": "table\nウ音便 (u-onbin) of Standard Japanese 良(よ)く (yoku).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "yō",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "adjective form"
},
"expansion": "よう • (yō)",
"name": "ja-pos"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "yoku",
"word": "よく"
}
],
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with usage examples",
"Requests for translations of Japanese usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"ruby": [
[
"来",
"き"
]
],
"text": "よう来たな。\nYō kita na."
},
{
"english": "(Kansai) Rinse your hands well using water. Then, use the soap by making suds.",
"ref": "2020 May 4, フィルムエストTV, 【20年4月20日】有事に関する定時報告放送",
"roman": "O-mizu de te o yō nurashite kudasai. Soshite, sekken wa awadatete tsukōte kudasai.",
"ruby": [
[
"水",
"みず"
],
[
"手",
"て"
],
[
"良",
"よ"
],
[
"濡",
"ぬ"
],
[
"石",
"せっ"
],
[
"鹸",
"けん"
],
[
"泡",
"あわ"
],
[
"立",
"だ"
],
[
"使",
"つこ"
]
],
"text": "お水で手を良う濡らしてください。そして、石鹸は泡立てて使うてください。"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of よく (yoku)"
],
"links": [
[
"よく",
"よく#Japanese"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[jo̞ː]"
}
],
"word": "よう"
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"よう"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "よう",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"よう"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "interjection",
"title": "よう",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"よう"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "よう",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Japanese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-30 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (210104c and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.