"grattare" meaning in Italian

See grattare in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Verb

IPA: /ɡratˈta.re/
Rhymes: -are Etymology: Of Germanic origin; probably borrowed from Frankish *kratton, from Proto-Germanic *krattōną, from Proto-Indo-European *gred-, see also English scratch. Compare French gratter, Catalan gratar, Piedmontese graté. Etymology templates: {{der|it|gem}} Germanic, {{bor|it|frk|*kratton}} Frankish *kratton, {{der|it|gem-pro|*krattōną}} Proto-Germanic *krattōną, {{der|it|ine-pro|*gred-}} Proto-Indo-European *gred-, {{cog|en|scratch}} English scratch, {{cog|fr|gratter}} French gratter, {{cog|ca|gratar}} Catalan gratar, {{cog|pms|graté}} Piedmontese graté Head templates: {{it-verb|a/à}} grattàre (first-person singular present gràtto, first-person singular past historic grattài, past participle grattàto, auxiliary avére) Inflection templates: {{it-conj|a/à}} Forms: grattàre [canonical], gràtto [first-person, present, singular], grattài [first-person, historic, past, singular], grattàto [participle, past], avére [auxiliary], no-table-tags [table-tags], grattàre [infinitive], avére [auxiliary], grattàndo [gerund], grattànte [participle, present], grattàto [participle, past], gràtto [first-person, indicative, present, singular], gràtti [indicative, present, second-person, singular], gràtta [indicative, present, singular, third-person], grattiàmo [first-person, indicative, plural, present], grattàte [indicative, plural, present, second-person], gràttano [indicative, plural, present, third-person], grattàvo [first-person, imperfect, indicative, singular], grattàvi [imperfect, indicative, second-person, singular], grattàva [imperfect, indicative, singular, third-person], grattavàmo [first-person, imperfect, indicative, plural], grattavàte [imperfect, indicative, plural, second-person], grattàvano [imperfect, indicative, plural, third-person], grattài [first-person, historic, indicative, past, singular], grattàsti [historic, indicative, past, second-person, singular], grattò [historic, indicative, past, singular, third-person], grattàmmo [first-person, historic, indicative, past, plural], grattàste [historic, indicative, past, plural, second-person], grattàrono [historic, indicative, past, plural, third-person], gratterò [first-person, future, indicative, singular], gratterài [future, indicative, second-person, singular], gratterà [future, indicative, singular, third-person], gratterémo [first-person, future, indicative, plural], gratteréte [future, indicative, plural, second-person], gratterànno [future, indicative, plural, third-person], gratterèi [conditional, first-person, present, singular], gratterésti [conditional, present, second-person, singular], gratterèbbe [conditional, present, singular, third-person], gratterébbe [conditional, present, singular, third-person], gratterémmo [conditional, first-person, plural, present], gratteréste [conditional, plural, present, second-person], gratterèbbero [conditional, plural, present, third-person], gratterébbero [conditional, plural, present, third-person], gràtti [first-person, present, singular, subjunctive], gràtti [present, second-person, singular, subjunctive], gràtti [present, singular, subjunctive, third-person], grattiàmo [first-person, plural, present, subjunctive], grattiàte [plural, present, second-person, subjunctive], gràttino [plural, present, subjunctive, third-person], grattàssi [first-person, imperfect, singular, subjunctive], grattàssi [imperfect, second-person, singular, subjunctive], grattàsse [imperfect, singular, subjunctive, third-person], grattàssimo [first-person, imperfect, plural, subjunctive], grattàste [imperfect, plural, second-person, subjunctive], grattàssero [imperfect, plural, subjunctive, third-person], gràtta [imperative, second-person, singular], gràtti [formal, imperative, second-person-semantically, singular, third-person], grattiàmo [first-person, imperative, plural], grattàte [imperative, plural, second-person], gràttino [formal, imperative, plural, second-person-semantically, third-person], grattàre [imperative, negative, second-person, singular], gràtti [formal, imperative, negative, second-person-semantically, singular, third-person], grattiàmo [first-person, imperative, negative, plural], grattàte [imperative, negative, plural, second-person], gràttino [formal, imperative, negative, plural, second-person-semantically, third-person]
  1. (transitive) to scratch Tags: transitive
    Sense id: en-grattare-it-verb-6zW~VBjx Categories (other): Italian verbs ending in -are Disambiguation of Italian verbs ending in -are: 14 14 16 16 19 20
  2. (transitive) to scrape Tags: transitive
    Sense id: en-grattare-it-verb-qkbkEf3d Categories (other): Italian verbs ending in -are Disambiguation of Italian verbs ending in -are: 14 14 16 16 19 20
  3. (transitive) to grate (food) Tags: transitive Synonyms: grattugiare
    Sense id: en-grattare-it-verb-LiCa-9ES Categories (other): Italian verbs ending in -are Disambiguation of Italian verbs ending in -are: 14 14 16 16 19 20
  4. (transitive, colloquial) to filch, to pilfer, to steal Tags: colloquial, transitive
    Sense id: en-grattare-it-verb-w9ZezQPA Categories (other): Italian entries with incorrect language header, Italian links with redundant wikilinks, Italian verbs ending in -are Disambiguation of Italian entries with incorrect language header: 6 6 10 52 18 9 Disambiguation of Italian links with redundant wikilinks: 5 5 9 52 20 8 Disambiguation of Italian verbs ending in -are: 14 14 16 16 19 20
  5. (intransitive) to screech, to grate (to make a harsh rubbing sound) [auxiliary avere] Tags: intransitive
    Sense id: en-grattare-it-verb-s51LDXq0 Categories (other): Italian verbs ending in -are Disambiguation of Italian verbs ending in -are: 14 14 16 16 19 20
  6. (intransitive) to grind gears [auxiliary avere] Tags: intransitive
    Sense id: en-grattare-it-verb-TslnQ9mW Categories (other): Italian verbs ending in -are, Italian verbs taking avere as auxiliary Disambiguation of Italian verbs ending in -are: 14 14 16 16 19 20 Disambiguation of Italian verbs taking avere as auxiliary: 5 5 7 8 31 44
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Related terms: grattacapo, grattacielo, gratta e vinci, grattarsi, grattata, grattugia

Inflected forms

Download JSON data for grattare meaning in Italian (11.4kB)

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "it",
        "2": "gem"
      },
      "expansion": "Germanic",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "it",
        "2": "frk",
        "3": "*kratton"
      },
      "expansion": "Frankish *kratton",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "it",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*krattōną"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *krattōną",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "it",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*gred-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gred-",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "scratch"
      },
      "expansion": "English scratch",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "gratter"
      },
      "expansion": "French gratter",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ca",
        "2": "gratar"
      },
      "expansion": "Catalan gratar",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pms",
        "2": "graté"
      },
      "expansion": "Piedmontese graté",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Of Germanic origin; probably borrowed from Frankish *kratton, from Proto-Germanic *krattōną, from Proto-Indo-European *gred-, see also English scratch. Compare French gratter, Catalan gratar, Piedmontese graté.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "grattàre",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gràtto",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grattài",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "historic",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grattàto",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "avére",
      "tags": [
        "auxiliary"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "it-conj",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grattàre",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "avére",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "auxiliary"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grattàndo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "gerund"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grattànte",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grattàto",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gràtto",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gràtti",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gràtta",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grattiàmo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grattàte",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gràttano",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grattàvo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grattàvi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grattàva",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grattavàmo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grattavàte",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grattàvano",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grattài",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grattàsti",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grattò",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grattàmmo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grattàste",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grattàrono",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gratterò",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gratterài",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gratterà",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gratterémo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gratteréte",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gratterànno",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gratterèi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gratterésti",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gratterèbbe",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gratterébbe",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gratterémmo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gratteréste",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gratterèbbero",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gratterébbero",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gràtti",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gràtti",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gràtti",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grattiàmo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grattiàte",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gràttino",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grattàssi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grattàssi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grattàsse",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grattàssimo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grattàste",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grattàssero",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gràtta",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gràtti",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "imperative",
        "second-person-semantically",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grattiàmo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grattàte",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gràttino",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "second-person-semantically",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grattàre",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "negative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gràtti",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "imperative",
        "negative",
        "second-person-semantically",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grattiàmo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "negative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grattàte",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "negative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gràttino",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "imperative",
        "negative",
        "plural",
        "second-person-semantically",
        "third-person"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "a/à"
      },
      "expansion": "grattàre (first-person singular present gràtto, first-person singular past historic grattài, past participle grattàto, auxiliary avére)",
      "name": "it-verb"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "grat‧tà‧re"
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "a/à"
      },
      "name": "it-conj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Italian",
  "lang_code": "it",
  "pos": "verb",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "grattacapo"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "grattacielo"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "gratta e vinci"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "grattarsi"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "grattata"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "grattugia"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "14 14 16 16 19 20",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Italian verbs ending in -are",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to scratch"
      ],
      "id": "en-grattare-it-verb-6zW~VBjx",
      "links": [
        [
          "scratch",
          "scratch"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive) to scratch"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "14 14 16 16 19 20",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Italian verbs ending in -are",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to scrape"
      ],
      "id": "en-grattare-it-verb-qkbkEf3d",
      "links": [
        [
          "scrape",
          "scrape"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive) to scrape"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "14 14 16 16 19 20",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Italian verbs ending in -are",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to grate (food)"
      ],
      "id": "en-grattare-it-verb-LiCa-9ES",
      "links": [
        [
          "grate",
          "grate"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive) to grate (food)"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "grattugiare"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "6 6 10 52 18 9",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Italian entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "5 5 9 52 20 8",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Italian links with redundant wikilinks",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant wikilinks",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "14 14 16 16 19 20",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Italian verbs ending in -are",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to filch, to pilfer, to steal"
      ],
      "id": "en-grattare-it-verb-w9ZezQPA",
      "links": [
        [
          "filch",
          "filch"
        ],
        [
          "pilfer",
          "pilfer"
        ],
        [
          "steal",
          "steal"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive, colloquial) to filch, to pilfer, to steal"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "14 14 16 16 19 20",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Italian verbs ending in -are",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to screech, to grate (to make a harsh rubbing sound) [auxiliary avere]",
        "to screech, to grate (to make a harsh rubbing sound)"
      ],
      "id": "en-grattare-it-verb-s51LDXq0",
      "links": [
        [
          "screech",
          "screech"
        ],
        [
          "grate",
          "grate"
        ],
        [
          "avere",
          "avere#Italian"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(intransitive) to screech, to grate (to make a harsh rubbing sound) [auxiliary avere]"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "intransitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "14 14 16 16 19 20",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Italian verbs ending in -are",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "5 5 7 8 31 44",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Italian verbs taking avere as auxiliary",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to grind gears [auxiliary avere]",
        "to grind gears"
      ],
      "id": "en-grattare-it-verb-TslnQ9mW",
      "links": [
        [
          "grind",
          "grind"
        ],
        [
          "gear",
          "gear"
        ],
        [
          "avere",
          "avere#Italian"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(intransitive) to grind gears [auxiliary avere]"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "intransitive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ɡratˈta.re/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-are"
    }
  ],
  "word": "grattare"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Italian 3-syllable words",
    "Italian entries with incorrect language header",
    "Italian lemmas",
    "Italian links with redundant wikilinks",
    "Italian terms borrowed from Frankish",
    "Italian terms derived from Frankish",
    "Italian terms derived from Germanic languages",
    "Italian terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
    "Italian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Italian terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Italian verbs",
    "Italian verbs ending in -are",
    "Italian verbs taking avere as auxiliary",
    "Rhymes:Italian/are",
    "Rhymes:Italian/are/3 syllables"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "it",
        "2": "gem"
      },
      "expansion": "Germanic",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "it",
        "2": "frk",
        "3": "*kratton"
      },
      "expansion": "Frankish *kratton",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "it",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*krattōną"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *krattōną",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "it",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*gred-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gred-",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "scratch"
      },
      "expansion": "English scratch",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "gratter"
      },
      "expansion": "French gratter",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ca",
        "2": "gratar"
      },
      "expansion": "Catalan gratar",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pms",
        "2": "graté"
      },
      "expansion": "Piedmontese graté",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Of Germanic origin; probably borrowed from Frankish *kratton, from Proto-Germanic *krattōną, from Proto-Indo-European *gred-, see also English scratch. Compare French gratter, Catalan gratar, Piedmontese graté.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "grattàre",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gràtto",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grattài",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "historic",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grattàto",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "avére",
      "tags": [
        "auxiliary"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "it-conj",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grattàre",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "avére",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "auxiliary"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grattàndo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "gerund"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grattànte",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grattàto",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gràtto",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gràtti",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gràtta",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grattiàmo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grattàte",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gràttano",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grattàvo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grattàvi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grattàva",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grattavàmo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grattavàte",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grattàvano",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grattài",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grattàsti",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grattò",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grattàmmo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grattàste",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grattàrono",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gratterò",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gratterài",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gratterà",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gratterémo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gratteréte",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gratterànno",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gratterèi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gratterésti",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gratterèbbe",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gratterébbe",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gratterémmo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gratteréste",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gratterèbbero",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gratterébbero",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gràtti",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gràtti",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gràtti",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grattiàmo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grattiàte",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gràttino",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grattàssi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grattàssi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grattàsse",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grattàssimo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grattàste",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grattàssero",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gràtta",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gràtti",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "imperative",
        "second-person-semantically",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grattiàmo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grattàte",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gràttino",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "second-person-semantically",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grattàre",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "negative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gràtti",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "imperative",
        "negative",
        "second-person-semantically",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grattiàmo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "negative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grattàte",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "negative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gràttino",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "imperative",
        "negative",
        "plural",
        "second-person-semantically",
        "third-person"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "a/à"
      },
      "expansion": "grattàre (first-person singular present gràtto, first-person singular past historic grattài, past participle grattàto, auxiliary avére)",
      "name": "it-verb"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "grat‧tà‧re"
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "a/à"
      },
      "name": "it-conj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Italian",
  "lang_code": "it",
  "pos": "verb",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "grattacapo"
    },
    {
      "word": "grattacielo"
    },
    {
      "word": "gratta e vinci"
    },
    {
      "word": "grattarsi"
    },
    {
      "word": "grattata"
    },
    {
      "word": "grattugia"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Italian transitive verbs"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to scratch"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "scratch",
          "scratch"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive) to scratch"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Italian transitive verbs"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to scrape"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "scrape",
          "scrape"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive) to scrape"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Italian transitive verbs"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to grate (food)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "grate",
          "grate"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive) to grate (food)"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "grattugiare"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Italian colloquialisms",
        "Italian transitive verbs"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to filch, to pilfer, to steal"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "filch",
          "filch"
        ],
        [
          "pilfer",
          "pilfer"
        ],
        [
          "steal",
          "steal"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive, colloquial) to filch, to pilfer, to steal"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Italian intransitive verbs"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to screech, to grate (to make a harsh rubbing sound) [auxiliary avere]",
        "to screech, to grate (to make a harsh rubbing sound)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "screech",
          "screech"
        ],
        [
          "grate",
          "grate"
        ],
        [
          "avere",
          "avere#Italian"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(intransitive) to screech, to grate (to make a harsh rubbing sound) [auxiliary avere]"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "intransitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Italian intransitive verbs"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to grind gears [auxiliary avere]",
        "to grind gears"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "grind",
          "grind"
        ],
        [
          "gear",
          "gear"
        ],
        [
          "avere",
          "avere#Italian"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(intransitive) to grind gears [auxiliary avere]"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "intransitive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ɡratˈta.re/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-are"
    }
  ],
  "word": "grattare"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Italian dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-17 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-01 using wiktextract (0b52755 and 5cb0836). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.