"rua" meaning in Irish

See rua in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Adjective

IPA: /ɾˠuə/
Etymology: From Old Irish rúad, from Proto-Celtic *roudos (compare Welsh rhudd), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁rewdʰ- (compare Ancient Greek ἐρυθρός (eruthrós), Sanskrit रुधिर (rudhirá), Old English rēad). Etymology templates: {{root|ga|ine-pro|*h₁rewdʰ-}}, {{inh|ga|sga|rúad}} Old Irish rúad, {{inh|ga|cel-pro|*roudos}} Proto-Celtic *roudos, {{cog|cy|rhudd}} Welsh rhudd, {{inh|ga|ine-pro|*h₁rewdʰ-}} Proto-Indo-European *h₁rewdʰ-, {{cog|grc|ἐρυθρός}} Ancient Greek ἐρυθρός (eruthrós), {{cog|sa|रुधिर|tr=rudhirá}} Sanskrit रुधिर (rudhirá), {{cog|ang|rēad}} Old English rēad Head templates: {{head|ga|adjective|genitive singular masculine|rua|genitive singular feminine|rua|or|ruaí||{{{pl}}}||{{{pl2}}}|comparative|rua|or|ruacha|head=}} rua (genitive singular masculine rua, genitive singular feminine rua or ruaí, comparative rua or ruacha), {{ga-adj|comp=~|comp2=ruacha|gsf=~|gsf2=ruaí|gsm=~}} rua (genitive singular masculine rua, genitive singular feminine rua or ruaí, comparative rua or ruacha) Forms: rua [genitive, masculine, singular], rua [feminine, genitive, singular], ruaí [feminine, genitive, singular], rua [comparative], ruacha [comparative], no-table-tags [table-tags], rua [masculine, nominative, singular], rua [feminine, nominative, singular], rua [error-unrecognized-form, nominative, plural], rua [masculine, singular, vocative], rua [feminine, singular, vocative], rua [error-unrecognized-form, plural, vocative], rua [genitive, masculine, singular], rua [feminine, genitive, singular], rua [error-unrecognized-form, genitive, plural], rua [dative, masculine, singular], rua [dative, feminine, singular], rua [dative, error-unrecognized-form, plural], níos rua [comparative, error-unrecognized-form], is rua [error-unrecognized-form, superlative], ruadh [alternative]
  1. red(-haired) Synonyms: ceannrua, fionnrua, foltrua, ruafholtach
    Sense id: en-rua-ga-adj-QXOL6Mlw
  2. reddish-brown, russet, copper brown Categories (topical): Colors
    Sense id: en-rua-ga-adj-2KjzQ9MG Disambiguation of Colors: 5 37 0 16 39 2 Categories (other): Irish entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Irish entries with incorrect language header: 2 30 2 27 31 8
  3. wild, fierce; rough, strong
    Sense id: en-rua-ga-adj-WjavF2WT
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Derived forms: arán rua (english: brown bread) [masculine], cangarú rua (english: red kangaroo) [masculine], ceannrua (english: redheaded) [adjective], donnrua (english: brick red) [adjective], fia rua (english: red deer) [masculine], garal rua (english: red goral) [masculine], giolla rua (english: gillaroo) [masculine], lionn rua, madra rua (english: fox) [masculine], Ruadhán, Ruairí, ruán (english: rudd; buckwheat) [masculine], ruóg, siorc rua (english: copper shark) [masculine]

Noun

IPA: /ɾˠuə/
Etymology: From Old Irish rúad, from Proto-Celtic *roudos (compare Welsh rhudd), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁rewdʰ- (compare Ancient Greek ἐρυθρός (eruthrós), Sanskrit रुधिर (rudhirá), Old English rēad). Etymology templates: {{root|ga|ine-pro|*h₁rewdʰ-}}, {{inh|ga|sga|rúad}} Old Irish rúad, {{inh|ga|cel-pro|*roudos}} Proto-Celtic *roudos, {{cog|cy|rhudd}} Welsh rhudd, {{inh|ga|ine-pro|*h₁rewdʰ-}} Proto-Indo-European *h₁rewdʰ-, {{cog|grc|ἐρυθρός}} Ancient Greek ἐρυθρός (eruthrós), {{cog|sa|रुधिर|tr=rudhirá}} Sanskrit रुधिर (rudhirá), {{cog|ang|rēad}} Old English rēad Head templates: {{head|ga|noun|genitive singular|rua|||||||nominative plural|ruanna|||||cat2=|f1request=1|f4request=1|g=m|g2=|g3=|head=}} rua m (genitive singular rua, nominative plural ruanna), {{ga-noun|m|~|~nna}} rua m (genitive singular rua, nominative plural ruanna) Forms: rua [genitive, singular], ruanna [nominative, plural], no-table-tags [table-tags], rua [indefinite, nominative, singular], ruanna [indefinite, nominative, plural], a rua [indefinite, singular, vocative], a ruanna [indefinite, plural, vocative], rua [genitive, indefinite, singular], ruanna [genitive, indefinite, plural], rua [dative, indefinite, singular], ruanna [dative, indefinite, plural], no-table-tags [table-tags], an rua [definite, nominative, singular], na ruanna [definite, nominative, plural], an rua [definite, genitive, singular], na ruanna [definite, genitive, plural], leis an rua [dative, definite, singular], don rua [dative, definite, singular], leis na ruanna [dative, definite, plural], ruadh [alternative]
  1. red-haired person, redhead Tags: masculine Categories (topical): Colors, Hair, People
    Sense id: en-rua-ga-noun-7u3krg~i Disambiguation of Colors: 5 37 0 16 39 2 Disambiguation of Hair: 18 18 0 39 19 6 Disambiguation of People: 0 1 1 96 1 1 Categories (other): Irish entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Irish entries with incorrect language header: 2 30 2 27 31 8
  2. reddish-brown, russet, colour Tags: masculine Categories (topical): Colors
    Sense id: en-rua-ga-noun-8cF1IJY8 Disambiguation of Colors: 5 37 0 16 39 2 Categories (other): Irish entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Irish entries with incorrect language header: 2 30 2 27 31 8

Noun

IPA: /ɾˠuə/ Forms: an rua [canonical, feminine], rua [genitive, singular], ruadh [alternative]
Etymology: From Old Irish rúad, from Proto-Celtic *roudos (compare Welsh rhudd), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁rewdʰ- (compare Ancient Greek ἐρυθρός (eruthrós), Sanskrit रुधिर (rudhirá), Old English rēad). Etymology templates: {{root|ga|ine-pro|*h₁rewdʰ-}}, {{inh|ga|sga|rúad}} Old Irish rúad, {{inh|ga|cel-pro|*roudos}} Proto-Celtic *roudos, {{cog|cy|rhudd}} Welsh rhudd, {{inh|ga|ine-pro|*h₁rewdʰ-}} Proto-Indo-European *h₁rewdʰ-, {{cog|grc|ἐρυθρός}} Ancient Greek ἐρυθρός (eruthrós), {{cog|sa|रुधिर|tr=rudhirá}} Sanskrit रुधिर (rudhirá), {{cog|ang|rēad}} Old English rēad Head templates: {{head|ga|noun|genitive singular|rua||||||||-|||||cat2=|f1request=1|f4request=1|g=f|g2=|g3=|head=an rua}} an rua f (genitive singular rua), {{ga-noun|f|~|-|head=an rua}} an rua f (genitive singular rua)
  1. (pathology) the rose, erysipelas Categories (topical): Pathology
    Sense id: en-rua-ga-noun-tHpYvYdl Topics: medicine, pathology, sciences

Inflected forms

Alternative forms

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "english": "brown bread",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "arán rua"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "english": "red kangaroo",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "cangarú rua"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "english": "redheaded",
      "tags": [
        "adjective"
      ],
      "word": "ceannrua"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "english": "brick red",
      "tags": [
        "adjective"
      ],
      "word": "donnrua"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "english": "red deer",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "fia rua"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "english": "red goral",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "garal rua"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "english": "gillaroo",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "giolla rua"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "lionn rua"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "english": "fox",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "madra rua"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "Ruadhán"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "Ruairí"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "english": "rudd; buckwheat",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "ruán"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "ruóg"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "english": "copper shark",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "siorc rua"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ga",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*h₁rewdʰ-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ga",
        "2": "sga",
        "3": "rúad"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Irish rúad",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ga",
        "2": "cel-pro",
        "3": "*roudos"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Celtic *roudos",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cy",
        "2": "rhudd"
      },
      "expansion": "Welsh rhudd",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ga",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*h₁rewdʰ-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₁rewdʰ-",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "ἐρυθρός"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek ἐρυθρός (eruthrós)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "रुधिर",
        "tr": "rudhirá"
      },
      "expansion": "Sanskrit रुधिर (rudhirá)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "rēad"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English rēad",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Old Irish rúad, from Proto-Celtic *roudos (compare Welsh rhudd), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁rewdʰ- (compare Ancient Greek ἐρυθρός (eruthrós), Sanskrit रुधिर (rudhirá), Old English rēad).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "rua",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rua",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ruaí",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rua",
      "tags": [
        "comparative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ruacha",
      "tags": [
        "comparative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "l-self",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rua",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rua",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rua",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rua",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rua",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rua",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rua",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rua",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rua",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rua",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rua",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rua",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "níos rua",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "comparative",
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "is rua",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "superlative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ruadh",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ga",
        "10": "{{{pl}}}",
        "11": "",
        "12": "{{{pl2}}}",
        "13": "comparative",
        "14": "rua",
        "15": "or",
        "16": "ruacha",
        "2": "adjective",
        "3": "genitive singular masculine",
        "4": "rua",
        "5": "genitive singular feminine",
        "6": "rua",
        "7": "or",
        "8": "ruaí",
        "9": "",
        "head": ""
      },
      "expansion": "rua (genitive singular masculine rua, genitive singular feminine rua or ruaí, comparative rua or ruacha)",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "comp": "~",
        "comp2": "ruacha",
        "gsf": "~",
        "gsf2": "ruaí",
        "gsm": "~"
      },
      "expansion": "rua (genitive singular masculine rua, genitive singular feminine rua or ruaí, comparative rua or ruacha)",
      "name": "ga-adj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Irish",
  "lang_code": "ga",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "red(-haired)"
      ],
      "id": "en-rua-ga-adj-QXOL6Mlw",
      "links": [
        [
          "red",
          "red"
        ],
        [
          "-haired",
          "red-haired"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "ceannrua"
        },
        {
          "word": "fionnrua"
        },
        {
          "word": "foltrua"
        },
        {
          "word": "ruafholtach"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "2 30 2 27 31 8",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Irish entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "5 37 0 16 39 2",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "ga",
          "name": "Colors",
          "orig": "ga:Colors",
          "parents": [
            "Light",
            "Vision",
            "Energy",
            "Senses",
            "Nature",
            "Perception",
            "All topics",
            "Body",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "reddish-brown, russet, copper brown"
      ],
      "id": "en-rua-ga-adj-2KjzQ9MG",
      "links": [
        [
          "reddish",
          "reddish"
        ],
        [
          "brown",
          "brown"
        ],
        [
          "russet",
          "russet"
        ],
        [
          "copper",
          "copper"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "wild, fierce; rough, strong"
      ],
      "id": "en-rua-ga-adj-WjavF2WT",
      "links": [
        [
          "wild",
          "wild"
        ],
        [
          "fierce",
          "fierce"
        ],
        [
          "rough",
          "rough"
        ],
        [
          "strong",
          "strong"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ɾˠuə/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "rua"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ga",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*h₁rewdʰ-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ga",
        "2": "sga",
        "3": "rúad"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Irish rúad",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ga",
        "2": "cel-pro",
        "3": "*roudos"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Celtic *roudos",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cy",
        "2": "rhudd"
      },
      "expansion": "Welsh rhudd",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ga",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*h₁rewdʰ-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₁rewdʰ-",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "ἐρυθρός"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek ἐρυθρός (eruthrós)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "रुधिर",
        "tr": "rudhirá"
      },
      "expansion": "Sanskrit रुधिर (rudhirá)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "rēad"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English rēad",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Old Irish rúad, from Proto-Celtic *roudos (compare Welsh rhudd), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁rewdʰ- (compare Ancient Greek ἐρυθρός (eruthrós), Sanskrit रुधिर (rudhirá), Old English rēad).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "rua",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ruanna",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rua",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ruanna",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "a rua",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "a ruanna",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rua",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "indefinite",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ruanna",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "indefinite",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rua",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "indefinite",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ruanna",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "indefinite",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "an rua",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "na ruanna",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "an rua",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "na ruanna",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "leis an rua",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "definite",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "don rua",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "definite",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "leis na ruanna",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "definite",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ruadh",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ga",
        "10": "",
        "11": "nominative plural",
        "12": "ruanna",
        "13": "",
        "14": "",
        "15": "",
        "16": "",
        "2": "noun",
        "3": "genitive singular",
        "4": "rua",
        "5": "",
        "6": "",
        "7": "",
        "8": "",
        "9": "",
        "cat2": "",
        "f1request": "1",
        "f4request": "1",
        "g": "m",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "head": ""
      },
      "expansion": "rua m (genitive singular rua, nominative plural ruanna)",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "m",
        "2": "~",
        "3": "~nna"
      },
      "expansion": "rua m (genitive singular rua, nominative plural ruanna)",
      "name": "ga-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Irish",
  "lang_code": "ga",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "2 30 2 27 31 8",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Irish entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "5 37 0 16 39 2",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "ga",
          "name": "Colors",
          "orig": "ga:Colors",
          "parents": [
            "Light",
            "Vision",
            "Energy",
            "Senses",
            "Nature",
            "Perception",
            "All topics",
            "Body",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "18 18 0 39 19 6",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "ga",
          "name": "Hair",
          "orig": "ga:Hair",
          "parents": [
            "Body parts",
            "Body",
            "Anatomy",
            "All topics",
            "Biology",
            "Medicine",
            "Fundamental",
            "Sciences",
            "Healthcare",
            "Health"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "0 1 1 96 1 1",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "ga",
          "name": "People",
          "orig": "ga:People",
          "parents": [
            "Human",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "red-haired person, redhead"
      ],
      "id": "en-rua-ga-noun-7u3krg~i",
      "links": [
        [
          "redhead",
          "redhead"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "2 30 2 27 31 8",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Irish entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "5 37 0 16 39 2",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "ga",
          "name": "Colors",
          "orig": "ga:Colors",
          "parents": [
            "Light",
            "Vision",
            "Energy",
            "Senses",
            "Nature",
            "Perception",
            "All topics",
            "Body",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "reddish-brown, russet, colour"
      ],
      "id": "en-rua-ga-noun-8cF1IJY8",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ɾˠuə/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "rua"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ga",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*h₁rewdʰ-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ga",
        "2": "sga",
        "3": "rúad"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Irish rúad",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ga",
        "2": "cel-pro",
        "3": "*roudos"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Celtic *roudos",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cy",
        "2": "rhudd"
      },
      "expansion": "Welsh rhudd",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ga",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*h₁rewdʰ-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₁rewdʰ-",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "ἐρυθρός"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek ἐρυθρός (eruthrós)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "रुधिर",
        "tr": "rudhirá"
      },
      "expansion": "Sanskrit रुधिर (rudhirá)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "rēad"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English rēad",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Old Irish rúad, from Proto-Celtic *roudos (compare Welsh rhudd), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁rewdʰ- (compare Ancient Greek ἐρυθρός (eruthrós), Sanskrit रुधिर (rudhirá), Old English rēad).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "an rua",
      "tags": [
        "canonical",
        "feminine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rua",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ruadh",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ga",
        "10": "",
        "11": "",
        "12": "-",
        "13": "",
        "14": "",
        "15": "",
        "16": "",
        "2": "noun",
        "3": "genitive singular",
        "4": "rua",
        "5": "",
        "6": "",
        "7": "",
        "8": "",
        "9": "",
        "cat2": "",
        "f1request": "1",
        "f4request": "1",
        "g": "f",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "head": "an rua"
      },
      "expansion": "an rua f (genitive singular rua)",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "f",
        "2": "~",
        "3": "-",
        "head": "an rua"
      },
      "expansion": "an rua f (genitive singular rua)",
      "name": "ga-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Irish",
  "lang_code": "ga",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "ga",
          "name": "Pathology",
          "orig": "ga:Pathology",
          "parents": [
            "Disease",
            "Medicine",
            "Health",
            "Biology",
            "Healthcare",
            "Body",
            "Sciences",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "the rose, erysipelas"
      ],
      "id": "en-rua-ga-noun-tHpYvYdl",
      "links": [
        [
          "pathology",
          "pathology"
        ],
        [
          "rose",
          "rose"
        ],
        [
          "erysipelas",
          "erysipelas"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(pathology) the rose, erysipelas"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "medicine",
        "pathology",
        "sciences"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ɾˠuə/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "rua"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Irish adjectives",
    "Irish entries with incorrect language header",
    "Irish feminine nouns",
    "Irish fourth-declension nouns",
    "Irish lemmas",
    "Irish masculine nouns",
    "Irish nouns",
    "Irish terms derived from Old Irish",
    "Irish terms derived from Proto-Celtic",
    "Irish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Irish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₁rewdʰ-",
    "Irish terms inherited from Old Irish",
    "Irish terms inherited from Proto-Celtic",
    "Irish terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Pages with 36 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "ga:Colors",
    "ga:Hair",
    "ga:People"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "english": "brown bread",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "arán rua"
    },
    {
      "english": "red kangaroo",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "cangarú rua"
    },
    {
      "english": "redheaded",
      "tags": [
        "adjective"
      ],
      "word": "ceannrua"
    },
    {
      "english": "brick red",
      "tags": [
        "adjective"
      ],
      "word": "donnrua"
    },
    {
      "english": "red deer",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "fia rua"
    },
    {
      "english": "red goral",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "garal rua"
    },
    {
      "english": "gillaroo",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "giolla rua"
    },
    {
      "word": "lionn rua"
    },
    {
      "english": "fox",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "madra rua"
    },
    {
      "word": "Ruadhán"
    },
    {
      "word": "Ruairí"
    },
    {
      "english": "rudd; buckwheat",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "ruán"
    },
    {
      "word": "ruóg"
    },
    {
      "english": "copper shark",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "siorc rua"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ga",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*h₁rewdʰ-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ga",
        "2": "sga",
        "3": "rúad"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Irish rúad",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ga",
        "2": "cel-pro",
        "3": "*roudos"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Celtic *roudos",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cy",
        "2": "rhudd"
      },
      "expansion": "Welsh rhudd",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ga",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*h₁rewdʰ-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₁rewdʰ-",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "ἐρυθρός"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek ἐρυθρός (eruthrós)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "रुधिर",
        "tr": "rudhirá"
      },
      "expansion": "Sanskrit रुधिर (rudhirá)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "rēad"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English rēad",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Old Irish rúad, from Proto-Celtic *roudos (compare Welsh rhudd), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁rewdʰ- (compare Ancient Greek ἐρυθρός (eruthrós), Sanskrit रुधिर (rudhirá), Old English rēad).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "rua",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rua",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ruaí",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rua",
      "tags": [
        "comparative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ruacha",
      "tags": [
        "comparative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "l-self",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rua",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rua",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rua",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rua",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rua",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rua",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rua",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rua",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rua",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rua",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rua",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rua",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "níos rua",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "comparative",
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "is rua",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "superlative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ruadh",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ga",
        "10": "{{{pl}}}",
        "11": "",
        "12": "{{{pl2}}}",
        "13": "comparative",
        "14": "rua",
        "15": "or",
        "16": "ruacha",
        "2": "adjective",
        "3": "genitive singular masculine",
        "4": "rua",
        "5": "genitive singular feminine",
        "6": "rua",
        "7": "or",
        "8": "ruaí",
        "9": "",
        "head": ""
      },
      "expansion": "rua (genitive singular masculine rua, genitive singular feminine rua or ruaí, comparative rua or ruacha)",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "comp": "~",
        "comp2": "ruacha",
        "gsf": "~",
        "gsf2": "ruaí",
        "gsm": "~"
      },
      "expansion": "rua (genitive singular masculine rua, genitive singular feminine rua or ruaí, comparative rua or ruacha)",
      "name": "ga-adj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Irish",
  "lang_code": "ga",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "red(-haired)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "red",
          "red"
        ],
        [
          "-haired",
          "red-haired"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "ceannrua"
        },
        {
          "word": "fionnrua"
        },
        {
          "word": "foltrua"
        },
        {
          "word": "ruafholtach"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "reddish-brown, russet, copper brown"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "reddish",
          "reddish"
        ],
        [
          "brown",
          "brown"
        ],
        [
          "russet",
          "russet"
        ],
        [
          "copper",
          "copper"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "wild, fierce; rough, strong"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "wild",
          "wild"
        ],
        [
          "fierce",
          "fierce"
        ],
        [
          "rough",
          "rough"
        ],
        [
          "strong",
          "strong"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ɾˠuə/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "rua"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Irish adjectives",
    "Irish entries with incorrect language header",
    "Irish feminine nouns",
    "Irish fourth-declension nouns",
    "Irish lemmas",
    "Irish masculine nouns",
    "Irish nouns",
    "Irish terms derived from Old Irish",
    "Irish terms derived from Proto-Celtic",
    "Irish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Irish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₁rewdʰ-",
    "Irish terms inherited from Old Irish",
    "Irish terms inherited from Proto-Celtic",
    "Irish terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Pages with 36 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "ga:Colors",
    "ga:Hair",
    "ga:People"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ga",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*h₁rewdʰ-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ga",
        "2": "sga",
        "3": "rúad"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Irish rúad",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ga",
        "2": "cel-pro",
        "3": "*roudos"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Celtic *roudos",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cy",
        "2": "rhudd"
      },
      "expansion": "Welsh rhudd",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ga",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*h₁rewdʰ-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₁rewdʰ-",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "ἐρυθρός"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek ἐρυθρός (eruthrós)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "रुधिर",
        "tr": "rudhirá"
      },
      "expansion": "Sanskrit रुधिर (rudhirá)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "rēad"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English rēad",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Old Irish rúad, from Proto-Celtic *roudos (compare Welsh rhudd), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁rewdʰ- (compare Ancient Greek ἐρυθρός (eruthrós), Sanskrit रुधिर (rudhirá), Old English rēad).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "rua",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ruanna",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rua",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ruanna",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "a rua",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "a ruanna",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rua",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "indefinite",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ruanna",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "indefinite",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rua",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "indefinite",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ruanna",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "indefinite",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "an rua",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "na ruanna",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "an rua",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "na ruanna",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "leis an rua",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "definite",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "don rua",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "definite",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "leis na ruanna",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "definite",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ruadh",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ga",
        "10": "",
        "11": "nominative plural",
        "12": "ruanna",
        "13": "",
        "14": "",
        "15": "",
        "16": "",
        "2": "noun",
        "3": "genitive singular",
        "4": "rua",
        "5": "",
        "6": "",
        "7": "",
        "8": "",
        "9": "",
        "cat2": "",
        "f1request": "1",
        "f4request": "1",
        "g": "m",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "head": ""
      },
      "expansion": "rua m (genitive singular rua, nominative plural ruanna)",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "m",
        "2": "~",
        "3": "~nna"
      },
      "expansion": "rua m (genitive singular rua, nominative plural ruanna)",
      "name": "ga-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Irish",
  "lang_code": "ga",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "red-haired person, redhead"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "redhead",
          "redhead"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "reddish-brown, russet, colour"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ɾˠuə/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "rua"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Irish adjectives",
    "Irish entries with incorrect language header",
    "Irish feminine nouns",
    "Irish fourth-declension nouns",
    "Irish lemmas",
    "Irish masculine nouns",
    "Irish nouns",
    "Irish terms derived from Old Irish",
    "Irish terms derived from Proto-Celtic",
    "Irish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Irish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₁rewdʰ-",
    "Irish terms inherited from Old Irish",
    "Irish terms inherited from Proto-Celtic",
    "Irish terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Pages with 36 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "ga:Colors",
    "ga:Hair",
    "ga:People"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ga",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*h₁rewdʰ-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ga",
        "2": "sga",
        "3": "rúad"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Irish rúad",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ga",
        "2": "cel-pro",
        "3": "*roudos"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Celtic *roudos",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cy",
        "2": "rhudd"
      },
      "expansion": "Welsh rhudd",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ga",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*h₁rewdʰ-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₁rewdʰ-",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "ἐρυθρός"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek ἐρυθρός (eruthrós)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "रुधिर",
        "tr": "rudhirá"
      },
      "expansion": "Sanskrit रुधिर (rudhirá)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "rēad"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English rēad",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Old Irish rúad, from Proto-Celtic *roudos (compare Welsh rhudd), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁rewdʰ- (compare Ancient Greek ἐρυθρός (eruthrós), Sanskrit रुधिर (rudhirá), Old English rēad).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "an rua",
      "tags": [
        "canonical",
        "feminine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rua",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ruadh",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ga",
        "10": "",
        "11": "",
        "12": "-",
        "13": "",
        "14": "",
        "15": "",
        "16": "",
        "2": "noun",
        "3": "genitive singular",
        "4": "rua",
        "5": "",
        "6": "",
        "7": "",
        "8": "",
        "9": "",
        "cat2": "",
        "f1request": "1",
        "f4request": "1",
        "g": "f",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "head": "an rua"
      },
      "expansion": "an rua f (genitive singular rua)",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "f",
        "2": "~",
        "3": "-",
        "head": "an rua"
      },
      "expansion": "an rua f (genitive singular rua)",
      "name": "ga-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Irish",
  "lang_code": "ga",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "ga:Pathology"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "the rose, erysipelas"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "pathology",
          "pathology"
        ],
        [
          "rose",
          "rose"
        ],
        [
          "erysipelas",
          "erysipelas"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(pathology) the rose, erysipelas"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "medicine",
        "pathology",
        "sciences"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ɾˠuə/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "rua"
}

Download raw JSONL data for rua meaning in Irish (12.2kB)

{
  "called_from": "parser/1336",
  "msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </div>",
  "path": [
    "rua"
  ],
  "section": "Irish",
  "subsection": "adjective",
  "title": "rua",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "parser/1336",
  "msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </div>",
  "path": [
    "rua"
  ],
  "section": "Irish",
  "subsection": "adjective",
  "title": "rua",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/735",
  "msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'strong noun'",
  "path": [
    "rua"
  ],
  "section": "Irish",
  "subsection": "adjective",
  "title": "rua",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/735",
  "msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'weak noun'",
  "path": [
    "rua"
  ],
  "section": "Irish",
  "subsection": "adjective",
  "title": "rua",
  "trace": ""
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Irish dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-03-23 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-03-21 using wiktextract (fef8596 and 633533e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.