See kylmä in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "izh",
"2": "urj-fin-pro",
"3": "*külmä"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Finnic *külmä",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "kylmä"
},
"expansion": "Finnish kylmä",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "et",
"2": "külm"
},
"expansion": "Estonian külm",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Finnic *külmä. Cognates include Finnish kylmä and Estonian külm.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kylmemp",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "izh",
"2": "adjective",
"3": "comparative",
"4": "kylmemp",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "kylmä (comparative kylmemp)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kylmemp"
},
"expansion": "kylmä (comparative kylmemp)",
"name": "izh-adj"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"kyl‧mä"
],
"lang": "Ingrian",
"lang_code": "izh",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
12,
16
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
10,
15
]
],
"english": "The wind is cold.",
"ref": "1936, N. A. Iljin and V. I. Junus, Bukvari iƶoroin șkouluja vart, Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 30:",
"text": "Tuuli ono kylmä.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"cold"
],
"id": "en-kylmä-izh-adj-4nLe7N5y",
"links": [
[
"cold",
"cold"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkylmæ/",
"tags": [
"Ala-Laukaa"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈkylʲm]",
"tags": [
"Ala-Laukaa"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkylmæ/",
"tags": [
"Soikkola"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈkylʲmæ]",
"tags": [
"Soikkola"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ylm"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ylmæ"
}
],
"word": "kylmä"
}
{
"antonyms": [
{
"sense": "antonym(s) of “cold”",
"word": "kuuma"
},
{
"sense": "antonym(s) of “cold”",
"word": "vari"
},
{
"sense": "antonym(s) of “coldness”",
"word": "vari"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "izh",
"2": "urj-fin-pro",
"3": "*külmä"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Finnic *külmä",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "kylmä"
},
"expansion": "Finnish kylmä",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "et",
"2": "külm"
},
"expansion": "Estonian külm",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Finnic *külmä. Cognates include Finnish kylmä and Estonian külm.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "izh-decl/koira",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "no gradation",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "3/koira",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "kylmä",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kylmät",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kylmän",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kylmiin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kylmää",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kylmiä",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kylmää",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kylmii",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kylmääs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kylmiis",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kylmäst",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kylmist",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kylmälle",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kylmille",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kylmääl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kylmiil",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kylmält",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kylmilt",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kylmäks",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "kylmiks",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "kylmännä",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kylmään",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kylminnä",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kylmiin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kylmänt",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"exessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kylmint",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"exessive",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "izh",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "kylmä",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"kyl‧mä"
],
"lang": "Ingrian",
"lang_code": "izh",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "12 88",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ingrian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 100",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "izh",
"name": "Temperature",
"orig": "izh:Temperature",
"parents": [
"Nature",
"Weather",
"All topics",
"Atmosphere",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"tags": [
"diminutive"
],
"word": "kylmäkkäin"
},
{
"word": "kylmys"
},
{
"word": "kylmäsuurima"
},
{
"word": "talvikylmä"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
58,
71
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
50,
57
]
],
"english": "The warm, dense fur and a thick layer of fat protect [it] from the cold.",
"ref": "1936, L. G. Terehova, V. G. Erdeli, translated by Mihailov and P. I. Maksimov, Geografia: oppikirja iƶoroin alkușkoulun kolmatta klaassaa vart (ensimäine osa), Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-Pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 103:",
"text": "Lämmää, turpia karva i paksu sloja rasvaa hoitaat kylmäst.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
20,
25
]
],
"english": "Under the ice they aren't cold.",
"ref": "1936, D. I. Efimov, Lukukirja: Inkeroisia alkușkouluja vart (ensimäine osa), Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 11:",
"text": "Jään al hänel ei oo kylmä.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"cold, coldness"
],
"id": "en-kylmä-izh-noun-Kp93b3qM",
"links": [
[
"cold",
"cold"
],
[
"coldness",
"coldness"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"sense": "cold",
"word": "viluin"
},
{
"sense": "coldness",
"word": "vilu"
},
{
"sense": "coldness",
"word": "kylmys"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkylmæ/",
"tags": [
"Ala-Laukaa"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈkylʲm]",
"tags": [
"Ala-Laukaa"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkylmæ/",
"tags": [
"Soikkola"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈkylʲmæ]",
"tags": [
"Soikkola"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ylm"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ylmæ"
}
],
"word": "kylmä"
}
{
"categories": [
"Ingrian adjectives",
"Ingrian entries with incorrect language header",
"Ingrian lemmas",
"Ingrian nouns",
"Ingrian terms derived from Proto-Finnic",
"Ingrian terms inherited from Proto-Finnic",
"Ingrian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Ingrian/ylm",
"Rhymes:Ingrian/ylm/2 syllables",
"Rhymes:Ingrian/ylmæ",
"Rhymes:Ingrian/ylmæ/2 syllables",
"izh:Temperature"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "izh",
"2": "urj-fin-pro",
"3": "*külmä"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Finnic *külmä",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "kylmä"
},
"expansion": "Finnish kylmä",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "et",
"2": "külm"
},
"expansion": "Estonian külm",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Finnic *külmä. Cognates include Finnish kylmä and Estonian külm.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kylmemp",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "izh",
"2": "adjective",
"3": "comparative",
"4": "kylmemp",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "kylmä (comparative kylmemp)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kylmemp"
},
"expansion": "kylmä (comparative kylmemp)",
"name": "izh-adj"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"kyl‧mä"
],
"lang": "Ingrian",
"lang_code": "izh",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Ingrian terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
12,
16
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
10,
15
]
],
"english": "The wind is cold.",
"ref": "1936, N. A. Iljin and V. I. Junus, Bukvari iƶoroin șkouluja vart, Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 30:",
"text": "Tuuli ono kylmä.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"cold"
],
"links": [
[
"cold",
"cold"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkylmæ/",
"tags": [
"Ala-Laukaa"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈkylʲm]",
"tags": [
"Ala-Laukaa"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkylmæ/",
"tags": [
"Soikkola"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈkylʲmæ]",
"tags": [
"Soikkola"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ylm"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ylmæ"
}
],
"word": "kylmä"
}
{
"antonyms": [
{
"sense": "antonym(s) of “cold”",
"word": "kuuma"
},
{
"sense": "antonym(s) of “cold”",
"word": "vari"
},
{
"sense": "antonym(s) of “coldness”",
"word": "vari"
}
],
"categories": [
"Ingrian adjectives",
"Ingrian entries with incorrect language header",
"Ingrian lemmas",
"Ingrian nouns",
"Ingrian terms derived from Proto-Finnic",
"Ingrian terms inherited from Proto-Finnic",
"Ingrian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Ingrian/ylm",
"Rhymes:Ingrian/ylm/2 syllables",
"Rhymes:Ingrian/ylmæ",
"Rhymes:Ingrian/ylmæ/2 syllables",
"izh:Temperature"
],
"derived": [
{
"tags": [
"diminutive"
],
"word": "kylmäkkäin"
},
{
"word": "kylmys"
},
{
"word": "kylmäsuurima"
},
{
"word": "talvikylmä"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "izh",
"2": "urj-fin-pro",
"3": "*külmä"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Finnic *külmä",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "kylmä"
},
"expansion": "Finnish kylmä",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "et",
"2": "külm"
},
"expansion": "Estonian külm",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Finnic *külmä. Cognates include Finnish kylmä and Estonian külm.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "izh-decl/koira",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "no gradation",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "3/koira",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "kylmä",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kylmät",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kylmän",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kylmiin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kylmää",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kylmiä",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kylmää",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kylmii",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kylmääs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kylmiis",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kylmäst",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kylmist",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kylmälle",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kylmille",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kylmääl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kylmiil",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kylmält",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kylmilt",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kylmäks",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "kylmiks",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "kylmännä",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kylmään",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kylminnä",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kylmiin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kylmänt",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"exessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kylmint",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"exessive",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "izh",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "kylmä",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"kyl‧mä"
],
"lang": "Ingrian",
"lang_code": "izh",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Ingrian terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
58,
71
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
50,
57
]
],
"english": "The warm, dense fur and a thick layer of fat protect [it] from the cold.",
"ref": "1936, L. G. Terehova, V. G. Erdeli, translated by Mihailov and P. I. Maksimov, Geografia: oppikirja iƶoroin alkușkoulun kolmatta klaassaa vart (ensimäine osa), Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-Pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 103:",
"text": "Lämmää, turpia karva i paksu sloja rasvaa hoitaat kylmäst.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
20,
25
]
],
"english": "Under the ice they aren't cold.",
"ref": "1936, D. I. Efimov, Lukukirja: Inkeroisia alkușkouluja vart (ensimäine osa), Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 11:",
"text": "Jään al hänel ei oo kylmä.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"cold, coldness"
],
"links": [
[
"cold",
"cold"
],
[
"coldness",
"coldness"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkylmæ/",
"tags": [
"Ala-Laukaa"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈkylʲm]",
"tags": [
"Ala-Laukaa"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkylmæ/",
"tags": [
"Soikkola"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈkylʲmæ]",
"tags": [
"Soikkola"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ylm"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ylmæ"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"sense": "cold",
"word": "viluin"
},
{
"sense": "coldness",
"word": "vilu"
},
{
"sense": "coldness",
"word": "kylmys"
}
],
"word": "kylmä"
}
Download raw JSONL data for kylmä meaning in Ingrian (6.8kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Ingrian dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-04-13 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-04-03 using wiktextract (aeaf2a1 and fb63907). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.