See rufen in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for rufen meaning in German (18.9kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "abrufen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "anrufen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "aufrufen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "ausrufen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "berufen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "herbeirufen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "hervorrufen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "widerrufen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "zurückrufen"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "gmh",
"3": "ruofen"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German ruofen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "goh",
"3": "ruofan"
},
"expansion": "Old High German ruofan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "hruofan"
},
"expansion": "hruofan",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*hrōpan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *hrōpan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*hrōpaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hrōpaną",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "roepen"
},
"expansion": "Dutch roepen",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "roop"
},
"expansion": "English roop",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "ruofen"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German ruofen",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "ruofen",
"3": "(h)ruofen"
},
"expansion": "Old High German (h)ruofen",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "",
"3": "du rüfst, er rüft"
},
"expansion": "du rüfst, er rüft",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "laufen"
},
"expansion": "laufen",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "saufen"
},
"expansion": "saufen",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle High German ruofen, from Old High German ruofan, hruofan, from Proto-West Germanic *hrōpan, from Proto-Germanic *hrōpaną. Cognate with Dutch roepen, English roop, which see. Alongside there existed a weak Middle High German ruofen, from Old High German (h)ruofen. Weak conjugation is attestable until the 19th century. It indirectly lingers in the umlautless present forms, as against obsolete du rüfst, er rüft. (Lack of umlaut on rounded diphthong before labial is regular in Upper German, but it has only established itself here, not in laufen and saufen.)",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ruft",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "rief",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "gerufen",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "haben",
"tags": [
"auxiliary"
]
},
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "de-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "7 strong",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "haben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"auxiliary"
]
},
{
"form": "rufen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "rufend",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "gerufen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "rufe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rufen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "rufe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i"
]
},
{
"form": "rufen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i"
]
},
{
"form": "rufst",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ruft",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "rufest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i"
]
},
{
"form": "rufet",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i"
]
},
{
"form": "ruft",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "rufen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "rufe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "rufen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "rief",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"preterite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "riefen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"plural",
"preterite"
]
},
{
"form": "riefe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii"
]
},
{
"form": "riefen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii"
]
},
{
"form": "riefst",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"preterite",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rieft",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"preterite",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "riefest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii"
]
},
{
"form": "riefst",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii"
]
},
{
"form": "riefet",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii"
]
},
{
"form": "rieft",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii"
]
},
{
"form": "rief",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"preterite",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "riefen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"preterite",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "riefe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "riefen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ruf",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rufe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ruft",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "de-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "7 strong",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "haben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"auxiliary"
]
},
{
"form": "habe gerufen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "haben gerufen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "habe gerufen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "haben gerufen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "hast gerufen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "habt gerufen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "habest gerufen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "habet gerufen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "hat gerufen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "haben gerufen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "habe gerufen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "haben gerufen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hatte gerufen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hatten gerufen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hätte gerufen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "hätten gerufen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "hattest gerufen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hattet gerufen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hättest gerufen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "hättet gerufen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "hatte gerufen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hatten gerufen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hätte gerufen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hätten gerufen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "rufen werden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-i",
"infinitive",
"multiword-construction"
]
},
{
"form": "werde rufen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"future-i",
"multiword-construction",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i"
]
},
{
"form": "werden rufen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"future-i",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i"
]
},
{
"form": "werdest rufen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-i",
"multiword-construction",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i"
]
},
{
"form": "werdet rufen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-i",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i"
]
},
{
"form": "werde rufen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-i",
"multiword-construction",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "werden rufen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-i",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "werde rufen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"future-i",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "werden rufen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"future-i",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "würde rufen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"future-i",
"multiword-construction",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii"
]
},
{
"form": "würden rufen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"future-i",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii"
]
},
{
"form": "wirst rufen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-i",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "werdet rufen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-i",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "würdest rufen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-i",
"multiword-construction",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii"
]
},
{
"form": "würdet rufen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-i",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii"
]
},
{
"form": "wird rufen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-i",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "werden rufen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-i",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "würde rufen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-i",
"multiword-construction",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "würden rufen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-i",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gerufen haben werden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-ii",
"infinitive",
"multiword-construction"
]
},
{
"form": "werde gerufen haben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"future-ii",
"multiword-construction",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i"
]
},
{
"form": "werden gerufen haben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"future-ii",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i"
]
},
{
"form": "werdest gerufen haben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-ii",
"multiword-construction",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i"
]
},
{
"form": "werdet gerufen haben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-ii",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i"
]
},
{
"form": "werde gerufen haben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-ii",
"multiword-construction",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "werden gerufen haben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-ii",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "werde gerufen haben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"future-ii",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "werden gerufen haben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"future-ii",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "würde gerufen haben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"future-ii",
"multiword-construction",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii"
]
},
{
"form": "würden gerufen haben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"future-ii",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii"
]
},
{
"form": "wirst gerufen haben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-ii",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "werdet gerufen haben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-ii",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "würdest gerufen haben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-ii",
"multiword-construction",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii"
]
},
{
"form": "würdet gerufen haben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-ii",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii"
]
},
{
"form": "wird gerufen haben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-ii",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "werden gerufen haben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-ii",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "würde gerufen haben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-ii",
"multiword-construction",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "würden gerufen haben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-ii",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rufen<rief,gerufen>"
},
"expansion": "rufen (class 7 strong, third-person singular present ruft, past tense rief, past participle gerufen, auxiliary haben)",
"name": "de-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rufen<rief,gerufen>"
},
"name": "de-conj"
}
],
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "Ruf"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "flüstern"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "34 20 14 17 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "German verbs using haben as auxiliary",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "to cry for help",
"text": "um Hilfe rufen",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to call out; to shout; to cry; to shriek"
],
"id": "en-rufen-de-verb-smGS7tWf",
"links": [
[
"call",
"call"
],
[
"shout",
"shout"
],
[
"cry",
"cry"
],
[
"shriek",
"shriek"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) to call out; to shout; to cry; to shriek"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "schreien"
}
],
"tags": [
"class-7",
"intransitive",
"strong"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"to call (for someone); to request the presence (of someone)"
],
"id": "en-rufen-de-verb-YToIjk~2",
"links": [
[
"nach",
"nach#German"
],
[
"request",
"request"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive, with “nach ...”) to call (for someone); to request the presence (of someone)"
],
"raw_tags": [
"with “nach ...”"
],
"tags": [
"class-7",
"intransitive",
"strong"
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "flüstern"
},
{
"word": "schweigen"
}
],
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"to call (something) out"
],
"id": "en-rufen-de-verb-bzEoanYu",
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to call (something) out"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "äußern"
},
{
"word": "schreien"
},
{
"word": "verkünden"
}
],
"tags": [
"class-7",
"strong",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "befehlen"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "26 14 6 49 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "German entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "to ask someone to answer",
"text": "jemandem zu antworten rufen",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to ask (someone) to do something; to call for (someone) to do something"
],
"id": "en-rufen-de-verb-OdWpyjYg",
"links": [
[
"ask",
"ask"
]
],
"qualifier": "with dative object",
"raw_glosses": [
"(with dative object) to ask (someone) to do something; to call for (someone) to do something"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "bitten"
}
],
"tags": [
"class-7",
"strong"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"to call (someone), e.g. by telephone"
],
"id": "en-rufen-de-verb-5Vmfw7gC",
"links": [
[
"call",
"call"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to call (someone), e.g. by telephone"
],
"tags": [
"class-7",
"strong",
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈʁuːfən/"
},
{
"audio": "De-rufen.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/29/De-rufen.ogg/De-rufen.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/29/De-rufen.ogg",
"tags": [
"Germany"
],
"text": "audio (Germany)"
},
{
"audio": "De-at-rufen.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/55/De-at-rufen.ogg/De-at-rufen.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/55/De-at-rufen.ogg",
"tags": [
"Austria"
],
"text": "audio (Austria)"
}
],
"word": "rufen"
}
{
"categories": [
"German 2-syllable words",
"German class 7 strong verbs",
"German entries with incorrect language header",
"German lemmas",
"German strong verbs",
"German terms derived from Middle High German",
"German terms derived from Old High German",
"German terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"German terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"German terms inherited from Middle High German",
"German terms inherited from Old High German",
"German terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"German terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"German terms with IPA pronunciation",
"German terms with audio links",
"German verbs",
"German verbs using haben as auxiliary"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "abrufen"
},
{
"word": "anrufen"
},
{
"word": "aufrufen"
},
{
"word": "ausrufen"
},
{
"word": "berufen"
},
{
"word": "herbeirufen"
},
{
"word": "hervorrufen"
},
{
"word": "widerrufen"
},
{
"word": "zurückrufen"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "gmh",
"3": "ruofen"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German ruofen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "goh",
"3": "ruofan"
},
"expansion": "Old High German ruofan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "hruofan"
},
"expansion": "hruofan",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*hrōpan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *hrōpan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*hrōpaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hrōpaną",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "roepen"
},
"expansion": "Dutch roepen",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "roop"
},
"expansion": "English roop",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "ruofen"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German ruofen",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "ruofen",
"3": "(h)ruofen"
},
"expansion": "Old High German (h)ruofen",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "",
"3": "du rüfst, er rüft"
},
"expansion": "du rüfst, er rüft",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "laufen"
},
"expansion": "laufen",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "saufen"
},
"expansion": "saufen",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle High German ruofen, from Old High German ruofan, hruofan, from Proto-West Germanic *hrōpan, from Proto-Germanic *hrōpaną. Cognate with Dutch roepen, English roop, which see. Alongside there existed a weak Middle High German ruofen, from Old High German (h)ruofen. Weak conjugation is attestable until the 19th century. It indirectly lingers in the umlautless present forms, as against obsolete du rüfst, er rüft. (Lack of umlaut on rounded diphthong before labial is regular in Upper German, but it has only established itself here, not in laufen and saufen.)",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ruft",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "rief",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "gerufen",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "haben",
"tags": [
"auxiliary"
]
},
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "de-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "7 strong",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "haben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"auxiliary"
]
},
{
"form": "rufen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "rufend",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "gerufen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "rufe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rufen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "rufe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i"
]
},
{
"form": "rufen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i"
]
},
{
"form": "rufst",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ruft",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "rufest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i"
]
},
{
"form": "rufet",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i"
]
},
{
"form": "ruft",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "rufen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "rufe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "rufen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "rief",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"preterite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "riefen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"plural",
"preterite"
]
},
{
"form": "riefe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii"
]
},
{
"form": "riefen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii"
]
},
{
"form": "riefst",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"preterite",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rieft",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"preterite",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "riefest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii"
]
},
{
"form": "riefst",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii"
]
},
{
"form": "riefet",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii"
]
},
{
"form": "rieft",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii"
]
},
{
"form": "rief",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"preterite",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "riefen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"preterite",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "riefe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "riefen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ruf",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rufe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ruft",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "de-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "7 strong",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "haben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"auxiliary"
]
},
{
"form": "habe gerufen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "haben gerufen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "habe gerufen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "haben gerufen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "hast gerufen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "habt gerufen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "habest gerufen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "habet gerufen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "hat gerufen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "haben gerufen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "habe gerufen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "haben gerufen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hatte gerufen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hatten gerufen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hätte gerufen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "hätten gerufen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "hattest gerufen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hattet gerufen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hättest gerufen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "hättet gerufen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "hatte gerufen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hatten gerufen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hätte gerufen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hätten gerufen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "rufen werden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-i",
"infinitive",
"multiword-construction"
]
},
{
"form": "werde rufen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"future-i",
"multiword-construction",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i"
]
},
{
"form": "werden rufen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"future-i",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i"
]
},
{
"form": "werdest rufen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-i",
"multiword-construction",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i"
]
},
{
"form": "werdet rufen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-i",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i"
]
},
{
"form": "werde rufen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-i",
"multiword-construction",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "werden rufen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-i",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "werde rufen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"future-i",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "werden rufen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"future-i",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "würde rufen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"future-i",
"multiword-construction",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii"
]
},
{
"form": "würden rufen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"future-i",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii"
]
},
{
"form": "wirst rufen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-i",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "werdet rufen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-i",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "würdest rufen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-i",
"multiword-construction",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii"
]
},
{
"form": "würdet rufen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-i",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii"
]
},
{
"form": "wird rufen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-i",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "werden rufen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-i",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "würde rufen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-i",
"multiword-construction",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "würden rufen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-i",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gerufen haben werden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-ii",
"infinitive",
"multiword-construction"
]
},
{
"form": "werde gerufen haben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"future-ii",
"multiword-construction",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i"
]
},
{
"form": "werden gerufen haben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"future-ii",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i"
]
},
{
"form": "werdest gerufen haben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-ii",
"multiword-construction",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i"
]
},
{
"form": "werdet gerufen haben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-ii",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i"
]
},
{
"form": "werde gerufen haben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-ii",
"multiword-construction",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "werden gerufen haben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-ii",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "werde gerufen haben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"future-ii",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "werden gerufen haben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"future-ii",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "würde gerufen haben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"future-ii",
"multiword-construction",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii"
]
},
{
"form": "würden gerufen haben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"future-ii",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii"
]
},
{
"form": "wirst gerufen haben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-ii",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "werdet gerufen haben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-ii",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "würdest gerufen haben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-ii",
"multiword-construction",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii"
]
},
{
"form": "würdet gerufen haben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-ii",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii"
]
},
{
"form": "wird gerufen haben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-ii",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "werden gerufen haben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-ii",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "würde gerufen haben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-ii",
"multiword-construction",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "würden gerufen haben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-ii",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rufen<rief,gerufen>"
},
"expansion": "rufen (class 7 strong, third-person singular present ruft, past tense rief, past participle gerufen, auxiliary haben)",
"name": "de-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rufen<rief,gerufen>"
},
"name": "de-conj"
}
],
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"word": "Ruf"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "flüstern"
}
],
"categories": [
"German intransitive verbs",
"German terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "to cry for help",
"text": "um Hilfe rufen",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to call out; to shout; to cry; to shriek"
],
"links": [
[
"call",
"call"
],
[
"shout",
"shout"
],
[
"cry",
"cry"
],
[
"shriek",
"shriek"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) to call out; to shout; to cry; to shriek"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "schreien"
}
],
"tags": [
"class-7",
"intransitive",
"strong"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"German intransitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to call (for someone); to request the presence (of someone)"
],
"links": [
[
"nach",
"nach#German"
],
[
"request",
"request"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive, with “nach ...”) to call (for someone); to request the presence (of someone)"
],
"raw_tags": [
"with “nach ...”"
],
"tags": [
"class-7",
"intransitive",
"strong"
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "flüstern"
},
{
"word": "schweigen"
}
],
"categories": [
"German transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to call (something) out"
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to call (something) out"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "äußern"
},
{
"word": "schreien"
},
{
"word": "verkünden"
}
],
"tags": [
"class-7",
"strong",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "befehlen"
}
],
"categories": [
"German terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "to ask someone to answer",
"text": "jemandem zu antworten rufen",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to ask (someone) to do something; to call for (someone) to do something"
],
"links": [
[
"ask",
"ask"
]
],
"qualifier": "with dative object",
"raw_glosses": [
"(with dative object) to ask (someone) to do something; to call for (someone) to do something"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "bitten"
}
],
"tags": [
"class-7",
"strong"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"German transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to call (someone), e.g. by telephone"
],
"links": [
[
"call",
"call"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to call (someone), e.g. by telephone"
],
"tags": [
"class-7",
"strong",
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈʁuːfən/"
},
{
"audio": "De-rufen.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/29/De-rufen.ogg/De-rufen.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/29/De-rufen.ogg",
"tags": [
"Germany"
],
"text": "audio (Germany)"
},
{
"audio": "De-at-rufen.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/55/De-at-rufen.ogg/De-at-rufen.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/55/De-at-rufen.ogg",
"tags": [
"Austria"
],
"text": "audio (Austria)"
}
],
"word": "rufen"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable German dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-30 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (210104c and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.