See rufen in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "abrufen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "anrufen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "auf den Plan rufen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "aufrufen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "ausrufen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "berufen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "herbeirufen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "hervorrufen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "wachrufen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "widerrufen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "zurückrufen"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"ruofen",
"ruofen#Middle_High_German"
],
[
"ruofan",
"ruofan#Old_High_German"
],
[
"hruofan",
"hruofan#Old_High_German"
],
[
"*hrōpan",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/hrōpan"
],
[
"*hrōpaną",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hrōpaną"
],
[
"roepen",
"roepen#Dutch"
],
[
"roop",
"roop#English"
],
[
"ruofen",
"ruofen#Middle_High_German"
],
[
"(h)ruofen",
"ruofen#Old_High_German"
],
[
"Upper German",
"Upper German"
],
[
"laufen",
"laufen#German"
],
[
"saufen",
"saufen#German"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "gmh",
"3": "ruofen"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German ruofen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "goh",
"3": "ruofan"
},
"expansion": "Old High German ruofan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*hrōpan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *hrōpan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*hrōpaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hrōpaną",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "roepen"
},
"expansion": "Dutch roepen",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "roop"
},
"expansion": "English roop",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "ruofen"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German ruofen",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "ruofen",
"3": "(h)ruofen"
},
"expansion": "Old High German (h)ruofen",
"name": "m+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle High German ruofen, from Old High German ruofan, hruofan, from Proto-West Germanic *hrōpan, from Proto-Germanic *hrōpaną. Cognate with Dutch roepen, English roop, which see. Alongside there existed a weak Middle High German ruofen, from Old High German (h)ruofen. Weak conjugation is attestable until the 19th century. It indirectly lingers in the umlautless present forms, as against obsolete du rüfst, er rüft. (Lack of umlaut on rounded diphthong before labial is regular in Upper German, but it has only established itself here, not in laufen and saufen.)",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ruft",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "rief",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "gerufen",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "haben",
"tags": [
"auxiliary"
]
},
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "de-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "7 strong",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "haben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"auxiliary"
]
},
{
"form": "rufen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "rufend",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "gerufen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "rufe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rufen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "rufe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i"
]
},
{
"form": "rufen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i"
]
},
{
"form": "rufst",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ruft",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "rufest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i"
]
},
{
"form": "rufet",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i"
]
},
{
"form": "ruft",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "rufen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "rufe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "rufen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "rief",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"preterite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "riefen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"plural",
"preterite"
]
},
{
"form": "riefe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"formal",
"rare",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii"
]
},
{
"form": "riefen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"formal",
"plural",
"rare",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii"
]
},
{
"form": "riefst",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"preterite",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rieft",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"preterite",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "riefest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal",
"rare",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii"
]
},
{
"form": "riefst",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal",
"rare",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii"
]
},
{
"form": "riefet",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal",
"plural",
"rare",
"second-person",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii"
]
},
{
"form": "rieft",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal",
"plural",
"rare",
"second-person",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii"
]
},
{
"form": "rief",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"preterite",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "riefen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"preterite",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "riefe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal",
"rare",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "riefen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal",
"plural",
"rare",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ruf",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rufe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ruft",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "de-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "7 strong",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "haben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"auxiliary"
]
},
{
"form": "habe gerufen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "haben gerufen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "habe gerufen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "haben gerufen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "hast gerufen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "habt gerufen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "habest gerufen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "habet gerufen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "hat gerufen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "haben gerufen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "habe gerufen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "haben gerufen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hatte gerufen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hatten gerufen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hätte gerufen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "hätten gerufen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "hattest gerufen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hattet gerufen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hättest gerufen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "hättet gerufen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "hatte gerufen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hatten gerufen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hätte gerufen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hätten gerufen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "rufen werden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-i",
"infinitive",
"multiword-construction"
]
},
{
"form": "werde rufen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"future-i",
"multiword-construction",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i"
]
},
{
"form": "werden rufen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"future-i",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i"
]
},
{
"form": "werdest rufen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-i",
"multiword-construction",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i"
]
},
{
"form": "werdet rufen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-i",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i"
]
},
{
"form": "werde rufen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-i",
"multiword-construction",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "werden rufen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-i",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "werde rufen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"future-i",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "werden rufen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"future-i",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "würde rufen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"future-i",
"multiword-construction",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii"
]
},
{
"form": "würden rufen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"future-i",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii"
]
},
{
"form": "wirst rufen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-i",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "werdet rufen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-i",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "würdest rufen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-i",
"multiword-construction",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii"
]
},
{
"form": "würdet rufen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-i",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii"
]
},
{
"form": "wird rufen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-i",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "werden rufen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-i",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "würde rufen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-i",
"multiword-construction",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "würden rufen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-i",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gerufen haben werden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-ii",
"infinitive",
"multiword-construction"
]
},
{
"form": "werde gerufen haben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"future-ii",
"multiword-construction",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i"
]
},
{
"form": "werden gerufen haben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"future-ii",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i"
]
},
{
"form": "werdest gerufen haben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-ii",
"multiword-construction",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i"
]
},
{
"form": "werdet gerufen haben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-ii",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i"
]
},
{
"form": "werde gerufen haben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-ii",
"multiword-construction",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "werden gerufen haben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-ii",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "werde gerufen haben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"future-ii",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "werden gerufen haben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"future-ii",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "würde gerufen haben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"future-ii",
"multiword-construction",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii"
]
},
{
"form": "würden gerufen haben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"future-ii",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii"
]
},
{
"form": "wirst gerufen haben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-ii",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "werdet gerufen haben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-ii",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "würdest gerufen haben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-ii",
"multiword-construction",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii"
]
},
{
"form": "würdet gerufen haben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-ii",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii"
]
},
{
"form": "wird gerufen haben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-ii",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "werden gerufen haben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-ii",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "würde gerufen haben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-ii",
"multiword-construction",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "würden gerufen haben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-ii",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rufen<rief,gerufen>"
},
"expansion": "rufen (class 7 strong, third-person singular present ruft, past tense rief, past participle gerufen, auxiliary haben)",
"name": "de-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rufen<rief,gerufen>"
},
"name": "de-conj"
}
],
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "Ruf"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "flüstern"
},
{
"word": "schweigen"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "German terms with collocations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "30 14 11 9 11 13 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "German verbs using haben as auxiliary",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
9,
14
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
3,
6
]
],
"english": "to cry for help",
"tags": [
"collocation"
],
"text": "um Hilfe rufen",
"translation": "to cry for help",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to call out, to shout, to cry (of a person or animal)"
],
"id": "en-rufen-de-verb-fvXqWUd0",
"links": [
[
"call",
"call"
],
[
"shout",
"shout"
],
[
"cry",
"cry"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) to call out, to shout, to cry (of a person or animal)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "schreien"
}
],
"tags": [
"class-7",
"intransitive",
"strong"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
10,
14
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
13,
20
]
],
"english": "The chick is calling for its mother.",
"text": "Das Küken ruft nach seiner Mutter.",
"translation": "The chick is calling for its mother.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to call for, to request the presence of"
],
"id": "en-rufen-de-verb-4IBspzeo",
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": ":nach(dat)<someone/something>"
},
"expansion": "[with nach (+ dative) ‘someone/something’]",
"extra_data": {
"words": [
"nach",
"(+",
"dative)",
"‘someone/something’"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"call for",
"call for"
],
[
"request",
"request"
],
[
"presence",
"presence"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) to call for, to request the presence of [with nach (+ dative) ‘someone/something’]"
],
"tags": [
"class-7",
"intransitive",
"strong"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "German terms with collocations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
19,
24
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
3,
7
]
],
"english": "to call an ambulance",
"tags": [
"collocation"
],
"text": "einen Krankenwagen rufen",
"translation": "to call an ambulance",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
12,
17
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
3,
7
]
],
"english": "to call the police",
"tags": [
"collocation"
],
"text": "die Polizei rufen",
"translation": "to call the police",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
43,
50
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
20,
26
]
],
"english": "Then all of us were called up onto the stage one at a time.",
"text": "Dann wurden wir alle einzeln auf die Bühne gerufen.",
"translation": "Then all of us were called up onto the stage one at a time.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to call, to request the presence of"
],
"id": "en-rufen-de-verb-9yJzSFyo",
"links": [
[
"call",
"call"
],
[
"request",
"request"
],
[
"presence",
"presence"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to call, to request the presence of"
],
"tags": [
"class-7",
"strong",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "flüstern"
}
],
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
45,
52
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
21,
28
]
],
"english": "I only heard someone calling my name.",
"text": "Ich habe nur gehört, wie jemand meinen Namen gerufen hat.",
"translation": "I only heard someone calling my name.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to call, to shout (an order, a statement, someone's name)"
],
"id": "en-rufen-de-verb-yXD~LAkF",
"links": [
[
"call",
"call"
],
[
"shout",
"shout"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to call, to shout (an order, a statement, someone's name)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "schreien"
}
],
"tags": [
"class-7",
"strong",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"bold_literal_offsets": [
[
5,
12
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
25,
29
]
],
"english": "I've got to go, I have to get to work.",
"literal_meaning": "work beckons",
"text": "Ich muss los, die Arbeit ruft.",
"translation": "I've got to go, I have to get to work.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to call, to beckon, to be waiting"
],
"id": "en-rufen-de-verb-N~ErEC9Z",
"links": [
[
"call",
"call"
],
[
"beckon",
"beckon"
],
[
"be",
"be"
],
[
"wait",
"wait"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive, figurative) to call, to beckon, to be waiting"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "warten"
}
],
"tags": [
"class-7",
"figuratively",
"intransitive",
"strong"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "16 14 12 6 6 36 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "German entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 8 6 6 6 52 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 7 5 6 5 59 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
49,
53
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
60,
66
]
],
"english": "He sang in Colognian and had a fair amount of success, they called him the Dylan of Südstadt.",
"ref": "1999 June 24, Harald Peters, “Altes Salzgebäck, laues Bier”, in Berliner Zeitung:",
"text": "Er sang in Kölsch und hatte leidlich Erfolg, man rief ihn den Dylan der Südstadt.",
"translation": "He sang in Colognian and had a fair amount of success, they called him the Dylan of Südstadt.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to call (use a certain name for someone)"
],
"id": "en-rufen-de-verb-3HIIAd77",
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "acc<someone>+acc<by a name>"
},
"expansion": "[with accusative ‘someone’ and accusative ‘by a name’]",
"extra_data": {
"words": [
"accusative",
"‘someone’",
"and",
"accusative",
"‘by",
"a",
"name’"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"call",
"call"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(dated, transitive) to call (use a certain name for someone) [with accusative ‘someone’ and accusative ‘by a name’]"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "nennen"
}
],
"tags": [
"class-7",
"dated",
"strong",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "befehlen"
}
],
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
22,
27
]
],
"english": "to ask someone to answer",
"text": "jemandem zu antworten rufen",
"translation": "to ask someone to answer",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to ask, to call for"
],
"id": "en-rufen-de-verb-zrhtU4X5",
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "dat<someone> + :zu(inf)<to do something>"
},
"expansion": "[with dative ‘someone’ and zu (+ infinitive) ‘to do something’]",
"extra_data": {
"words": [
"dative",
"‘someone’",
"and",
"zu",
"(+",
"infinitive)",
"‘to",
"do",
"something’"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"ask",
"ask"
],
[
"call for",
"call for"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"to ask, to call for [with dative ‘someone’ and zu (+ infinitive) ‘to do something’]"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "bitten"
}
],
"tags": [
"class-7",
"strong"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈʁuːfən/"
},
{
"audio": "De-rufen.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/29/De-rufen.ogg/De-rufen.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/29/De-rufen.ogg",
"tags": [
"Germany"
]
},
{
"audio": "De-at-rufen.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/55/De-at-rufen.ogg/De-at-rufen.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/55/De-at-rufen.ogg",
"tags": [
"Austria"
]
},
{
"audio": "De-rufen2.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/63/De-rufen2.ogg/De-rufen2.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/63/De-rufen2.ogg",
"tags": [
"Germany",
"Berlin"
]
}
],
"word": "rufen"
}
{
"categories": [
"German class 7 strong verbs",
"German entries with incorrect language header",
"German lemmas",
"German strong verbs",
"German terms derived from Middle High German",
"German terms derived from Old High German",
"German terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"German terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"German terms inherited from Middle High German",
"German terms inherited from Old High German",
"German terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"German terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"German verbs",
"German verbs using haben as auxiliary",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "abrufen"
},
{
"word": "anrufen"
},
{
"word": "auf den Plan rufen"
},
{
"word": "aufrufen"
},
{
"word": "ausrufen"
},
{
"word": "berufen"
},
{
"word": "herbeirufen"
},
{
"word": "hervorrufen"
},
{
"word": "wachrufen"
},
{
"word": "widerrufen"
},
{
"word": "zurückrufen"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"ruofen",
"ruofen#Middle_High_German"
],
[
"ruofan",
"ruofan#Old_High_German"
],
[
"hruofan",
"hruofan#Old_High_German"
],
[
"*hrōpan",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/hrōpan"
],
[
"*hrōpaną",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hrōpaną"
],
[
"roepen",
"roepen#Dutch"
],
[
"roop",
"roop#English"
],
[
"ruofen",
"ruofen#Middle_High_German"
],
[
"(h)ruofen",
"ruofen#Old_High_German"
],
[
"Upper German",
"Upper German"
],
[
"laufen",
"laufen#German"
],
[
"saufen",
"saufen#German"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "gmh",
"3": "ruofen"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German ruofen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "goh",
"3": "ruofan"
},
"expansion": "Old High German ruofan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*hrōpan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *hrōpan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*hrōpaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hrōpaną",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "roepen"
},
"expansion": "Dutch roepen",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "roop"
},
"expansion": "English roop",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "ruofen"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German ruofen",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "ruofen",
"3": "(h)ruofen"
},
"expansion": "Old High German (h)ruofen",
"name": "m+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle High German ruofen, from Old High German ruofan, hruofan, from Proto-West Germanic *hrōpan, from Proto-Germanic *hrōpaną. Cognate with Dutch roepen, English roop, which see. Alongside there existed a weak Middle High German ruofen, from Old High German (h)ruofen. Weak conjugation is attestable until the 19th century. It indirectly lingers in the umlautless present forms, as against obsolete du rüfst, er rüft. (Lack of umlaut on rounded diphthong before labial is regular in Upper German, but it has only established itself here, not in laufen and saufen.)",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ruft",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "rief",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "gerufen",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "haben",
"tags": [
"auxiliary"
]
},
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "de-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "7 strong",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "haben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"auxiliary"
]
},
{
"form": "rufen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "rufend",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "gerufen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "rufe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rufen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "rufe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i"
]
},
{
"form": "rufen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i"
]
},
{
"form": "rufst",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ruft",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "rufest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i"
]
},
{
"form": "rufet",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i"
]
},
{
"form": "ruft",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "rufen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "rufe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "rufen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "rief",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"preterite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "riefen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"plural",
"preterite"
]
},
{
"form": "riefe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"formal",
"rare",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii"
]
},
{
"form": "riefen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"formal",
"plural",
"rare",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii"
]
},
{
"form": "riefst",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"preterite",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rieft",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"preterite",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "riefest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal",
"rare",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii"
]
},
{
"form": "riefst",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal",
"rare",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii"
]
},
{
"form": "riefet",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal",
"plural",
"rare",
"second-person",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii"
]
},
{
"form": "rieft",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal",
"plural",
"rare",
"second-person",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii"
]
},
{
"form": "rief",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"preterite",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "riefen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"preterite",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "riefe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal",
"rare",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "riefen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal",
"plural",
"rare",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ruf",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rufe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ruft",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "de-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "7 strong",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "haben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"auxiliary"
]
},
{
"form": "habe gerufen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "haben gerufen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "habe gerufen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "haben gerufen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "hast gerufen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "habt gerufen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "habest gerufen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "habet gerufen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "hat gerufen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "haben gerufen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "habe gerufen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "haben gerufen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hatte gerufen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hatten gerufen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hätte gerufen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "hätten gerufen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "hattest gerufen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hattet gerufen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hättest gerufen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "hättet gerufen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "hatte gerufen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hatten gerufen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hätte gerufen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hätten gerufen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "rufen werden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-i",
"infinitive",
"multiword-construction"
]
},
{
"form": "werde rufen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"future-i",
"multiword-construction",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i"
]
},
{
"form": "werden rufen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"future-i",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i"
]
},
{
"form": "werdest rufen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-i",
"multiword-construction",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i"
]
},
{
"form": "werdet rufen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-i",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i"
]
},
{
"form": "werde rufen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-i",
"multiword-construction",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "werden rufen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-i",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "werde rufen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"future-i",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "werden rufen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"future-i",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "würde rufen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"future-i",
"multiword-construction",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii"
]
},
{
"form": "würden rufen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"future-i",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii"
]
},
{
"form": "wirst rufen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-i",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "werdet rufen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-i",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "würdest rufen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-i",
"multiword-construction",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii"
]
},
{
"form": "würdet rufen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-i",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii"
]
},
{
"form": "wird rufen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-i",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "werden rufen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-i",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "würde rufen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-i",
"multiword-construction",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "würden rufen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-i",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gerufen haben werden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-ii",
"infinitive",
"multiword-construction"
]
},
{
"form": "werde gerufen haben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"future-ii",
"multiword-construction",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i"
]
},
{
"form": "werden gerufen haben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"future-ii",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i"
]
},
{
"form": "werdest gerufen haben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-ii",
"multiword-construction",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i"
]
},
{
"form": "werdet gerufen haben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-ii",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i"
]
},
{
"form": "werde gerufen haben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-ii",
"multiword-construction",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "werden gerufen haben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-ii",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "werde gerufen haben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"future-ii",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "werden gerufen haben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"future-ii",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "würde gerufen haben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"future-ii",
"multiword-construction",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii"
]
},
{
"form": "würden gerufen haben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"future-ii",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii"
]
},
{
"form": "wirst gerufen haben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-ii",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "werdet gerufen haben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-ii",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "würdest gerufen haben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-ii",
"multiword-construction",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii"
]
},
{
"form": "würdet gerufen haben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-ii",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii"
]
},
{
"form": "wird gerufen haben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-ii",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "werden gerufen haben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-ii",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "würde gerufen haben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-ii",
"multiword-construction",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "würden gerufen haben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-ii",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rufen<rief,gerufen>"
},
"expansion": "rufen (class 7 strong, third-person singular present ruft, past tense rief, past participle gerufen, auxiliary haben)",
"name": "de-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rufen<rief,gerufen>"
},
"name": "de-conj"
}
],
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"word": "Ruf"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "flüstern"
},
{
"word": "schweigen"
}
],
"categories": [
"German intransitive verbs",
"German terms with collocations"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
9,
14
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
3,
6
]
],
"english": "to cry for help",
"tags": [
"collocation"
],
"text": "um Hilfe rufen",
"translation": "to cry for help",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to call out, to shout, to cry (of a person or animal)"
],
"links": [
[
"call",
"call"
],
[
"shout",
"shout"
],
[
"cry",
"cry"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) to call out, to shout, to cry (of a person or animal)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "schreien"
}
],
"tags": [
"class-7",
"intransitive",
"strong"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"German intransitive verbs",
"German terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
10,
14
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
13,
20
]
],
"english": "The chick is calling for its mother.",
"text": "Das Küken ruft nach seiner Mutter.",
"translation": "The chick is calling for its mother.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to call for, to request the presence of"
],
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": ":nach(dat)<someone/something>"
},
"expansion": "[with nach (+ dative) ‘someone/something’]",
"extra_data": {
"words": [
"nach",
"(+",
"dative)",
"‘someone/something’"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"call for",
"call for"
],
[
"request",
"request"
],
[
"presence",
"presence"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) to call for, to request the presence of [with nach (+ dative) ‘someone/something’]"
],
"tags": [
"class-7",
"intransitive",
"strong"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"German terms with collocations",
"German terms with usage examples",
"German transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
19,
24
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
3,
7
]
],
"english": "to call an ambulance",
"tags": [
"collocation"
],
"text": "einen Krankenwagen rufen",
"translation": "to call an ambulance",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
12,
17
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
3,
7
]
],
"english": "to call the police",
"tags": [
"collocation"
],
"text": "die Polizei rufen",
"translation": "to call the police",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
43,
50
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
20,
26
]
],
"english": "Then all of us were called up onto the stage one at a time.",
"text": "Dann wurden wir alle einzeln auf die Bühne gerufen.",
"translation": "Then all of us were called up onto the stage one at a time.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to call, to request the presence of"
],
"links": [
[
"call",
"call"
],
[
"request",
"request"
],
[
"presence",
"presence"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to call, to request the presence of"
],
"tags": [
"class-7",
"strong",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "flüstern"
}
],
"categories": [
"German terms with usage examples",
"German transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
45,
52
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
21,
28
]
],
"english": "I only heard someone calling my name.",
"text": "Ich habe nur gehört, wie jemand meinen Namen gerufen hat.",
"translation": "I only heard someone calling my name.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to call, to shout (an order, a statement, someone's name)"
],
"links": [
[
"call",
"call"
],
[
"shout",
"shout"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to call, to shout (an order, a statement, someone's name)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "schreien"
}
],
"tags": [
"class-7",
"strong",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"German intransitive verbs",
"German terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_literal_offsets": [
[
5,
12
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
25,
29
]
],
"english": "I've got to go, I have to get to work.",
"literal_meaning": "work beckons",
"text": "Ich muss los, die Arbeit ruft.",
"translation": "I've got to go, I have to get to work.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to call, to beckon, to be waiting"
],
"links": [
[
"call",
"call"
],
[
"beckon",
"beckon"
],
[
"be",
"be"
],
[
"wait",
"wait"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive, figurative) to call, to beckon, to be waiting"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "warten"
}
],
"tags": [
"class-7",
"figuratively",
"intransitive",
"strong"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"German dated terms",
"German terms with quotations",
"German transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
49,
53
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
60,
66
]
],
"english": "He sang in Colognian and had a fair amount of success, they called him the Dylan of Südstadt.",
"ref": "1999 June 24, Harald Peters, “Altes Salzgebäck, laues Bier”, in Berliner Zeitung:",
"text": "Er sang in Kölsch und hatte leidlich Erfolg, man rief ihn den Dylan der Südstadt.",
"translation": "He sang in Colognian and had a fair amount of success, they called him the Dylan of Südstadt.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to call (use a certain name for someone)"
],
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "acc<someone>+acc<by a name>"
},
"expansion": "[with accusative ‘someone’ and accusative ‘by a name’]",
"extra_data": {
"words": [
"accusative",
"‘someone’",
"and",
"accusative",
"‘by",
"a",
"name’"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"call",
"call"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(dated, transitive) to call (use a certain name for someone) [with accusative ‘someone’ and accusative ‘by a name’]"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "nennen"
}
],
"tags": [
"class-7",
"dated",
"strong",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "befehlen"
}
],
"categories": [
"German terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
22,
27
]
],
"english": "to ask someone to answer",
"text": "jemandem zu antworten rufen",
"translation": "to ask someone to answer",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to ask, to call for"
],
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "dat<someone> + :zu(inf)<to do something>"
},
"expansion": "[with dative ‘someone’ and zu (+ infinitive) ‘to do something’]",
"extra_data": {
"words": [
"dative",
"‘someone’",
"and",
"zu",
"(+",
"infinitive)",
"‘to",
"do",
"something’"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"ask",
"ask"
],
[
"call for",
"call for"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"to ask, to call for [with dative ‘someone’ and zu (+ infinitive) ‘to do something’]"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "bitten"
}
],
"tags": [
"class-7",
"strong"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈʁuːfən/"
},
{
"audio": "De-rufen.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/29/De-rufen.ogg/De-rufen.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/29/De-rufen.ogg",
"tags": [
"Germany"
]
},
{
"audio": "De-at-rufen.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/55/De-at-rufen.ogg/De-at-rufen.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/55/De-at-rufen.ogg",
"tags": [
"Austria"
]
},
{
"audio": "De-rufen2.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/63/De-rufen2.ogg/De-rufen2.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/63/De-rufen2.ogg",
"tags": [
"Germany",
"Berlin"
]
}
],
"word": "rufen"
}
Download raw JSONL data for rufen meaning in German (23.6kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable German dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-10-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (1a05e46 and e3d6d4e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.