sonder in French

IPA: /sɔ̃.de/ Audio: LL-Q150 (fra)-LoquaxFR-sonder.wav

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Etymology: Inherited from Middle French sonder, from Old French sonder (“to plumb”), from sonde (“sounding line”), from Old English sund- (“sounding”), as in sundġierd (“sounding-rod”), sundlīne (“sounding-line, lead”), sundrāp (“sounding-rope, lead”), from Old English sund (“ocean, sea”), from Proto-West Germanic *sund, from Proto-Germanic *sundą (“a swim, body of water, sound”), from Proto-Indo-European *swem(bʰ)- (“to be unsteady, swim”). Cognate with Old Norse sund (“swimming; strait, sound”). More at sound. Etymology templates: {{glossary|Inherited}} Inherited, {{inh|fr|frm|sonder|||g=|g2=|g3=|id=|lit=|nocat=|pos=|sc=|sort=|tr=|ts=}} Middle French sonder, {{inh+|fr|frm|sonder}} Inherited from Middle French sonder, {{inh|fr|fro|sonder|t=to plumb}} Old French sonder (“to plumb”), {{der|fr|ang||sund-|t=sounding}} Old English sund- (“sounding”), {{der|fr|ang|sund|t=ocean, sea}} Old English sund (“ocean, sea”), {{der|fr|gmw-pro|*sund}} Proto-West Germanic *sund, {{der|fr|gem-pro|*sundą|t=a swim, body of water, sound}} Proto-Germanic *sundą (“a swim, body of water, sound”), {{der|fr|ine-pro|*swembʰ-|*swem(bʰ)-|t=to be unsteady, swim}} Proto-Indo-European *swem(bʰ)- (“to be unsteady, swim”), {{cog|non|sund|t=swimming; strait, sound}} Old Norse sund (“swimming; strait, sound”) Head templates: {{fr-verb}} sonder Inflection templates: {{fr-conj-auto}} Forms: no-table-tags [table-tags], sonder [infinitive], avoir + past participle [infinitive, multiword-construction], sondant [gerund, participle, present], ayant + past participle [gerund, multiword-construction, participle, present], sondé [participle, past], sonde [first-person, indicative, present, singular], sondes [indicative, present, second-person, singular], sonde [indicative, present, singular, third-person], sondons [first-person, indicative, plural, present], sondez [indicative, plural, present, second-person], sondent [indicative, plural, present, third-person], sondais [first-person, imperfect, indicative, singular], sondais [imperfect, indicative, second-person, singular], sondait [imperfect, indicative, singular, third-person], sondions [first-person, imperfect, indicative, plural], sondiez [imperfect, indicative, plural, second-person], sondaient [imperfect, indicative, plural, third-person], sondai [first-person, historic, indicative, past, singular], sondas [historic, indicative, past, second-person, singular], sonda [historic, indicative, past, singular, third-person], sondâmes [first-person, historic, indicative, past, plural], sondâtes [historic, indicative, past, plural, second-person], sondèrent [historic, indicative, past, plural, third-person], sonderai [first-person, future, indicative, singular], sonderas [future, indicative, second-person, singular], sondera [future, indicative, singular, third-person], sonderons [first-person, future, indicative, plural], sonderez [future, indicative, plural, second-person], sonderont [future, indicative, plural, third-person], sonderais [conditional, first-person, singular], sonderais [conditional, second-person, singular], sonderait [conditional, singular, third-person], sonderions [conditional, first-person, plural], sonderiez [conditional, plural, second-person], sonderaient [conditional, plural, third-person], present indicative of avoir + past participle [indicative, multiword-construction, perfect, present], imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle [indicative, multiword-construction, pluperfect], past historic of avoir + past participle [anterior, indicative, multiword-construction, past], future of avoir + past participle [future, indicative, multiword-construction, perfect], conditional of avoir + past participle [conditional, multiword-construction, perfect], sonde [first-person, present, singular, subjunctive], sondes [present, second-person, singular, subjunctive], sonde [present, singular, subjunctive, third-person], sondions [first-person, plural, present, subjunctive], sondiez [plural, present, second-person, subjunctive], sondent [plural, present, subjunctive, third-person], sondasse [first-person, imperfect, singular, subjunctive], sondasses [imperfect, second-person, singular, subjunctive], sondât [imperfect, singular, subjunctive, third-person], sondassions [first-person, imperfect, plural, subjunctive], sondassiez [imperfect, plural, second-person, subjunctive], sondassent [imperfect, plural, subjunctive, third-person], present subjunctive of avoir + past participle [multiword-construction, past, subjunctive], imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle [multiword-construction, pluperfect, subjunctive], sonde [imperative, second-person, singular], sondons [first-person, imperative, plural], sondez [imperative, plural, second-person], simple imperative of avoir + past participle [imperative, multiword-construction, second-person, singular], simple imperative of avoir + past participle [first-person, imperative, multiword-construction, plural], simple imperative of avoir + past participle [imperative, multiword-construction, plural, second-person]

Inflected forms

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{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "de",
            "2": "sondieren",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ German: sondieren\n→ Russian: зонди́ровать (zondírovatʹ)",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ German: sondieren\n→ Russian: зонди́ровать (zondírovatʹ)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "frm",
        "3": "sonder",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Middle French sonder",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "frm",
        "3": "sonder"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Middle French sonder",
      "name": "inh+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "sonder",
        "t": "to plumb"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French sonder (“to plumb”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "",
        "4": "sund-",
        "t": "sounding"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English sund- (“sounding”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "sund",
        "t": "ocean, sea"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English sund (“ocean, sea”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*sund"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *sund",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*sundą",
        "t": "a swim, body of water, sound"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *sundą (“a swim, body of water, sound”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*swembʰ-",
        "4": "*swem(bʰ)-",
        "t": "to be unsteady, swim"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *swem(bʰ)- (“to be unsteady, swim”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "non",
        "2": "sund",
        "t": "swimming; strait, sound"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Norse sund (“swimming; strait, sound”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Middle French sonder, from Old French sonder (“to plumb”), from sonde (“sounding line”), from Old English sund- (“sounding”), as in sundġierd (“sounding-rod”), sundlīne (“sounding-line, lead”), sundrāp (“sounding-rope, lead”), from Old English sund (“ocean, sea”), from Proto-West Germanic *sund, from Proto-Germanic *sundą (“a swim, body of water, sound”), from Proto-Indo-European *swem(bʰ)- (“to be unsteady, swim”). Cognate with Old Norse sund (“swimming; strait, sound”). More at sound.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fr-conj-auto",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sonder",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive",
        "multiword-construction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sondant",
      "ipa": "/sɔ̃.dɑ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "gerund",
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ayant + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "gerund",
        "multiword-construction",
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sondé",
      "ipa": "/sɔ̃.de/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sonde",
      "ipa": "/sɔ̃d/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sondes",
      "ipa": "/sɔ̃d/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sonde",
      "ipa": "/sɔ̃d/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sondons",
      "ipa": "/sɔ̃.dɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sondez",
      "ipa": "/sɔ̃.de/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sondent",
      "ipa": "/sɔ̃d/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sondais",
      "ipa": "/sɔ̃.dɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sondais",
      "ipa": "/sɔ̃.dɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sondait",
      "ipa": "/sɔ̃.dɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sondions",
      "ipa": "/sɔ̃.djɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sondiez",
      "ipa": "/sɔ̃.dje/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sondaient",
      "ipa": "/sɔ̃.dɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sondai",
      "ipa": "/sɔ̃.de/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sondas",
      "ipa": "/sɔ̃.da/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sonda",
      "ipa": "/sɔ̃.da/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sondâmes",
      "ipa": "/sɔ̃.dam/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sondâtes",
      "ipa": "/sɔ̃.dat/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sondèrent",
      "ipa": "/sɔ̃.dɛʁ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sonderai",
      "ipa": "/sɔ̃.dʁe/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sonderas",
      "ipa": "/sɔ̃.dʁa/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sondera",
      "ipa": "/sɔ̃.dʁa/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sonderons",
      "ipa": "/sɔ̃.dʁɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sonderez",
      "ipa": "/sɔ̃.dʁe/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sonderont",
      "ipa": "/sɔ̃.dʁɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sonderais",
      "ipa": "/sɔ̃.dʁɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "first-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sonderais",
      "ipa": "/sɔ̃.dʁɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sonderait",
      "ipa": "/sɔ̃.dʁɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sonderions",
      "ipa": "/sɔ̃.də.ʁjɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "first-person",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sonderiez",
      "ipa": "/sɔ̃.də.ʁje/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sonderaient",
      "ipa": "/sɔ̃.dʁɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "present indicative of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "pluperfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "past historic of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "anterior",
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "future of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "conditional of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sonde",
      "ipa": "/sɔ̃d/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sondes",
      "ipa": "/sɔ̃d/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sonde",
      "ipa": "/sɔ̃d/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sondions",
      "ipa": "/sɔ̃.djɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sondiez",
      "ipa": "/sɔ̃.dje/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sondent",
      "ipa": "/sɔ̃d/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sondasse",
      "ipa": "/sɔ̃.das/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sondasses",
      "ipa": "/sɔ̃.das/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sondât",
      "ipa": "/sɔ̃.da/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sondassions",
      "ipa": "/sɔ̃.da.sjɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sondassiez",
      "ipa": "/sɔ̃.da.sje/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sondassent",
      "ipa": "/sɔ̃.das/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "present subjunctive of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "multiword-construction",
        "past",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "multiword-construction",
        "pluperfect",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sonde",
      "ipa": "/sɔ̃d/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sondons",
      "ipa": "/sɔ̃.dɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sondez",
      "ipa": "/sɔ̃.de/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "simple imperative of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "simple imperative of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "simple imperative of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "sonder",
      "name": "fr-verb"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "fr-conj-auto"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "French",
  "lang_code": "fr",
  "pos": "verb",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "sondage"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "sonde"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "sondé"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "14 15 15 14 13 15 8 7",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "French verbs with conjugation -er",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to probe (test with a probe)"
      ],
      "id": "en-sonder-fr-verb-6GQtweV-",
      "links": [
        [
          "probe",
          "probe"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive) to probe (test with a probe)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "14 15 15 14 13 15 8 7",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "French verbs with conjugation -er",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to probe (test the depth of something)"
      ],
      "id": "en-sonder-fr-verb-QyjO6QjM",
      "links": [
        [
          "probe",
          "probe"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive) to probe (test the depth of something)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "2 7 3 4 24 3 4 11 4 3 20 12 0 0 2",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 11 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "1 5 2 2 28 2 2 12 3 2 24 14 0 0 1",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "8 9 41 8 9 20 3 2",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "French entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "14 15 15 14 13 15 8 7",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "French verbs with conjugation -er",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to probe (test the depth of something)",
        "to sound (use sound waves to establish the depth)"
      ],
      "id": "en-sonder-fr-verb-ckvhvEdb",
      "links": [
        [
          "probe",
          "probe"
        ],
        [
          "sound",
          "sound"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive) to probe (test the depth of something)",
        "to sound (use sound waves to establish the depth)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "14 15 15 14 13 15 8 7",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "French verbs with conjugation -er",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to probe (look carefully around)"
      ],
      "id": "en-sonder-fr-verb-iZ8pQS7c",
      "links": [
        [
          "probe",
          "probe"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive) to probe (look carefully around)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "14 15 15 14 13 15 8 7",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "French verbs with conjugation -er",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to probe (ask someone many questions, in order to find something out)"
      ],
      "id": "en-sonder-fr-verb-pJe8m15C",
      "links": [
        [
          "probe",
          "probe"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive) to probe (ask someone many questions, in order to find something out)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "fr",
          "name": "Meteorology",
          "orig": "fr:Meteorology",
          "parents": [
            "Atmosphere",
            "Earth sciences",
            "Nature",
            "Sciences",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "2 7 3 4 24 3 4 11 4 3 20 12 0 0 2",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 11 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "1 5 2 2 28 2 2 12 3 2 24 14 0 0 1",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "14 15 15 14 13 15 8 7",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "French verbs with conjugation -er",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to survey and take measurements using a weather balloon"
      ],
      "id": "en-sonder-fr-verb-tfpIks28",
      "links": [
        [
          "meteorology",
          "meteorology"
        ],
        [
          "survey",
          "survey"
        ],
        [
          "weather balloon",
          "weather balloon"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(meteorology) to survey and take measurements using a weather balloon"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "climatology",
        "meteorology",
        "natural-sciences"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to survey (carry out a survey or poll)"
      ],
      "id": "en-sonder-fr-verb-2YF6KCmN",
      "links": [
        [
          "survey",
          "survey"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "glosses": [
        "to dive down"
      ],
      "id": "en-sonder-fr-verb-My4~v-7m",
      "links": [
        [
          "dive",
          "dive"
        ],
        [
          "down",
          "down"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(intransitive) to dive down"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "intransitive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/sɔ̃.de/"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-LoquaxFR-sonder.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/cf/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-LoquaxFR-sonder.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-LoquaxFR-sonder.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/cf/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-LoquaxFR-sonder.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-LoquaxFR-sonder.wav.ogg"
    }
  ],
  "word": "sonder"
}

[Show JSON for raw wiktextract data ▼] [Hide JSON for raw wiktextract data ▲]

{
  "categories": [
    "French 2-syllable words",
    "French entries with incorrect language header",
    "French first group verbs",
    "French lemmas",
    "French terms derived from Middle French",
    "French terms derived from Old English",
    "French terms derived from Old French",
    "French terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
    "French terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "French terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
    "French terms inherited from Middle French",
    "French terms inherited from Old French",
    "French terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "French verbs",
    "French verbs with conjugation -er",
    "Pages with 11 entries",
    "Pages with entries"
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "de",
            "2": "sondieren",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ German: sondieren\n→ Russian: зонди́ровать (zondírovatʹ)",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ German: sondieren\n→ Russian: зонди́ровать (zondírovatʹ)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "frm",
        "3": "sonder",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Middle French sonder",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "frm",
        "3": "sonder"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Middle French sonder",
      "name": "inh+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "sonder",
        "t": "to plumb"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French sonder (“to plumb”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "",
        "4": "sund-",
        "t": "sounding"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English sund- (“sounding”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "sund",
        "t": "ocean, sea"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English sund (“ocean, sea”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*sund"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *sund",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*sundą",
        "t": "a swim, body of water, sound"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *sundą (“a swim, body of water, sound”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*swembʰ-",
        "4": "*swem(bʰ)-",
        "t": "to be unsteady, swim"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *swem(bʰ)- (“to be unsteady, swim”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "non",
        "2": "sund",
        "t": "swimming; strait, sound"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Norse sund (“swimming; strait, sound”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Middle French sonder, from Old French sonder (“to plumb”), from sonde (“sounding line”), from Old English sund- (“sounding”), as in sundġierd (“sounding-rod”), sundlīne (“sounding-line, lead”), sundrāp (“sounding-rope, lead”), from Old English sund (“ocean, sea”), from Proto-West Germanic *sund, from Proto-Germanic *sundą (“a swim, body of water, sound”), from Proto-Indo-European *swem(bʰ)- (“to be unsteady, swim”). Cognate with Old Norse sund (“swimming; strait, sound”). More at sound.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fr-conj-auto",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sonder",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive",
        "multiword-construction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sondant",
      "ipa": "/sɔ̃.dɑ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "gerund",
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ayant + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "gerund",
        "multiword-construction",
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sondé",
      "ipa": "/sɔ̃.de/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sonde",
      "ipa": "/sɔ̃d/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sondes",
      "ipa": "/sɔ̃d/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sonde",
      "ipa": "/sɔ̃d/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sondons",
      "ipa": "/sɔ̃.dɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sondez",
      "ipa": "/sɔ̃.de/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sondent",
      "ipa": "/sɔ̃d/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sondais",
      "ipa": "/sɔ̃.dɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sondais",
      "ipa": "/sɔ̃.dɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sondait",
      "ipa": "/sɔ̃.dɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sondions",
      "ipa": "/sɔ̃.djɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sondiez",
      "ipa": "/sɔ̃.dje/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sondaient",
      "ipa": "/sɔ̃.dɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sondai",
      "ipa": "/sɔ̃.de/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sondas",
      "ipa": "/sɔ̃.da/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sonda",
      "ipa": "/sɔ̃.da/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sondâmes",
      "ipa": "/sɔ̃.dam/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sondâtes",
      "ipa": "/sɔ̃.dat/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sondèrent",
      "ipa": "/sɔ̃.dɛʁ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sonderai",
      "ipa": "/sɔ̃.dʁe/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sonderas",
      "ipa": "/sɔ̃.dʁa/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sondera",
      "ipa": "/sɔ̃.dʁa/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sonderons",
      "ipa": "/sɔ̃.dʁɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sonderez",
      "ipa": "/sɔ̃.dʁe/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sonderont",
      "ipa": "/sɔ̃.dʁɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sonderais",
      "ipa": "/sɔ̃.dʁɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "first-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sonderais",
      "ipa": "/sɔ̃.dʁɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sonderait",
      "ipa": "/sɔ̃.dʁɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sonderions",
      "ipa": "/sɔ̃.də.ʁjɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "first-person",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sonderiez",
      "ipa": "/sɔ̃.də.ʁje/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sonderaient",
      "ipa": "/sɔ̃.dʁɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "present indicative of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "pluperfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "past historic of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "anterior",
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "future of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "conditional of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sonde",
      "ipa": "/sɔ̃d/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sondes",
      "ipa": "/sɔ̃d/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sonde",
      "ipa": "/sɔ̃d/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sondions",
      "ipa": "/sɔ̃.djɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sondiez",
      "ipa": "/sɔ̃.dje/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sondent",
      "ipa": "/sɔ̃d/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sondasse",
      "ipa": "/sɔ̃.das/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sondasses",
      "ipa": "/sɔ̃.das/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sondât",
      "ipa": "/sɔ̃.da/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sondassions",
      "ipa": "/sɔ̃.da.sjɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sondassiez",
      "ipa": "/sɔ̃.da.sje/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sondassent",
      "ipa": "/sɔ̃.das/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "present subjunctive of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "multiword-construction",
        "past",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "multiword-construction",
        "pluperfect",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sonde",
      "ipa": "/sɔ̃d/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sondons",
      "ipa": "/sɔ̃.dɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sondez",
      "ipa": "/sɔ̃.de/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "simple imperative of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "simple imperative of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "simple imperative of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "sonder",
      "name": "fr-verb"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "fr-conj-auto"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "French",
  "lang_code": "fr",
  "pos": "verb",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "sondage"
    },
    {
      "word": "sonde"
    },
    {
      "word": "sondé"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "French transitive verbs"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to probe (test with a probe)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "probe",
          "probe"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive) to probe (test with a probe)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "French transitive verbs"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to probe (test the depth of something)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "probe",
          "probe"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive) to probe (test the depth of something)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "French transitive verbs"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to probe (test the depth of something)",
        "to sound (use sound waves to establish the depth)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "probe",
          "probe"
        ],
        [
          "sound",
          "sound"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive) to probe (test the depth of something)",
        "to sound (use sound waves to establish the depth)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "French transitive verbs"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to probe (look carefully around)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "probe",
          "probe"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive) to probe (look carefully around)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "French transitive verbs"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to probe (ask someone many questions, in order to find something out)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "probe",
          "probe"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive) to probe (ask someone many questions, in order to find something out)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "fr:Meteorology"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to survey and take measurements using a weather balloon"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "meteorology",
          "meteorology"
        ],
        [
          "survey",
          "survey"
        ],
        [
          "weather balloon",
          "weather balloon"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(meteorology) to survey and take measurements using a weather balloon"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "climatology",
        "meteorology",
        "natural-sciences"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to survey (carry out a survey or poll)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "survey",
          "survey"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "French intransitive verbs"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to dive down"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "dive",
          "dive"
        ],
        [
          "down",
          "down"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(intransitive) to dive down"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "intransitive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/sɔ̃.de/"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-LoquaxFR-sonder.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/cf/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-LoquaxFR-sonder.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-LoquaxFR-sonder.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/cf/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-LoquaxFR-sonder.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-LoquaxFR-sonder.wav.ogg"
    }
  ],
  "word": "sonder"
}

"sonder" meaning in French

Verb

Inflected forms