See windrow in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
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{
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"kind": "other",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Agriculture",
"orig": "en:Agriculture",
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{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":af",
"3": "wind<id:air>",
"4": "row<id:line>",
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"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₂weh₁-\nProto-Indo-European *-ti\nProto-Indo-European *h₂wḗh₁ti\nProto-Indo-European *h₂wéh₁n̥ts\nProto-Germanic *windaz\nProto-West Germanic *wind\nOld English wind\nMiddle English wynd\nEnglish wind\nEnglish row\nEnglish windrow\n[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*windaz\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*wind\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"wind\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"wynd\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"wind\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }, { \"id\" : \"line\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"row\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"windrow\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"windrow\">",
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"2": "wind",
"3": "row"
},
"expansion": "wind + row",
"name": "compound"
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"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₂weh₁-\nProto-Indo-European *-ti\nProto-Indo-European *h₂wḗh₁ti\nProto-Indo-European *h₂wéh₁n̥ts\nProto-Germanic *windaz\nProto-West Germanic *wind\nOld English wind\nMiddle English wynd\nEnglish wind\nEnglish row\nEnglish windrow\nFrom wind + row.",
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"form": "windrows",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
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"args": {},
"expansion": "windrow (plural windrows)",
"name": "en-noun"
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"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
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{
"glosses": [
"A row of cut grain or hay allowed to dry in a field."
],
"id": "en-windrow-en-noun-ZHwQ9UIw",
"links": [
[
"row",
"row"
],
[
"grain",
"grain"
],
[
"hay",
"hay"
],
[
"dry",
"dry"
],
[
"field",
"field"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "otkos",
"sense": "row of cut grain or hay",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "откос"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"code": "ca",
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"lang_code": "ca",
"sense": "row of cut grain or hay",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "andana"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"lang_code": "cmn",
"roman": "chéngpái de gāncǎo",
"sense": "row of cut grain or hay",
"word": "成排的乾草 /成排的干草"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"code": "nl",
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"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "row of cut grain or hay",
"word": "zwad"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"code": "nl",
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"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "row of cut grain or hay",
"word": "zwade"
},
{
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"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "row of cut grain or hay",
"word": "karhe"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "row of cut grain or hay",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "andain"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"code": "gl",
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"lang_code": "gl",
"sense": "row of cut grain or hay",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "renque"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "row of cut grain or hay",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Schwade"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"code": "izh",
"lang": "Ingrian",
"lang_code": "izh",
"sense": "row of cut grain or hay",
"word": "heinälaine"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"sense": "row of cut grain or hay",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "láithreán féir"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "row of cut grain or hay",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "andana"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "valók",
"sense": "row of cut grain or hay",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "вало́к"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "row of cut grain or hay",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "hilera"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense": "row of cut grain or hay",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "hösträng"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"code": "wa",
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"sense": "row of cut grain or hay",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "hougne"
},
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"code": "wa",
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"lang_code": "wa",
"sense": "row of cut grain or hay",
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"masculine"
],
"word": "andon"
}
]
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],
"glosses": [
"A line of leaves etc heaped up by the wind."
],
"id": "en-windrow-en-noun-5zVSDHwS",
"links": [
[
"leaves",
"leaves"
],
[
"wind",
"wind"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "1 36 7 11 11 11 11 10",
"code": "nl",
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"lang_code": "nl",
"note": "also specified by substance, e.g. turfwal",
"sense": "line heaped up by the wind",
"word": "wal"
}
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],
"glosses": [
"A similar streak of seaweed etc on the surface of the sea formed by Langmuir circulation."
],
"id": "en-windrow-en-noun-1eQY8Rwz",
"links": [
[
"streak",
"streak"
],
[
"seaweed",
"seaweed"
],
[
"sea",
"sea"
],
[
"Langmuir circulation",
"Langmuir circulation"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "0 5 64 6 6 6 6 6",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "streak of seaweed etc on the surface of the sea",
"word": "vana"
}
]
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],
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],
"id": "en-windrow-en-noun-DudO-iJ4",
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]
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"A ridge or berm at a perimeter"
],
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],
[
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],
[
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],
[
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]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"A line of gravel left behind by the edge of a grader’s blade.",
"(by extension) A ridge or berm at a perimeter"
],
"tags": [
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{
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"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"A row of cut grain or hay allowed to dry in a field."
],
"links": [
[
"row",
"row"
],
[
"grain",
"grain"
],
[
"hay",
"hay"
],
[
"dry",
"dry"
],
[
"field",
"field"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A line of leaves etc heaped up by the wind."
],
"links": [
[
"leaves",
"leaves"
],
[
"wind",
"wind"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A similar streak of seaweed etc on the surface of the sea formed by Langmuir circulation."
],
"links": [
[
"streak",
"streak"
],
[
"seaweed",
"seaweed"
],
[
"sea",
"sea"
],
[
"Langmuir circulation",
"Langmuir circulation"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A line of gravel left behind by the edge of a grader’s blade."
],
"links": [
[
"grader",
"grader"
],
[
"blade",
"blade"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A line of gravel left behind by the edge of a grader’s blade.",
"A ridge or berm at a perimeter"
],
"links": [
[
"grader",
"grader"
],
[
"blade",
"blade"
],
[
"ridge",
"ridge"
],
[
"berm",
"berm"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"A line of gravel left behind by the edge of a grader’s blade.",
"(by extension) A ridge or berm at a perimeter"
],
"tags": [
"broadly"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Canadian English"
],
"glosses": [
"A line of snow left behind by the edge of a snowplow’s blade."
],
"links": [
[
"snowplow",
"snowplow"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Canada) A line of snow left behind by the edge of a snowplow’s blade."
],
"tags": [
"Canada"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Canadian English"
],
"glosses": [
"A line of snow left behind by the edge of a snowplow’s blade.",
"A long snowbank along the side of a road."
],
"links": [
[
"snowplow",
"snowplow"
],
[
"snowbank",
"snowbank"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Canada) A line of snow left behind by the edge of a snowplow’s blade.",
"(by extension) A long snowbank along the side of a road."
],
"tags": [
"Canada",
"broadly"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"British English"
],
"glosses": [
"The green border of a field, dug up in order to carry the earth onto other land to improve it."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(UK) The green border of a field, dug up in order to carry the earth onto other land to improve it."
],
"tags": [
"UK"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈwɪnd.ɹəʊ/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-windrow.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/10/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-windrow.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-windrow.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/10/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-windrow.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-windrow.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
]
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "otkos",
"sense": "row of cut grain or hay",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "откос"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"sense": "row of cut grain or hay",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "andana"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"lang_code": "cmn",
"roman": "chéngpái de gāncǎo",
"sense": "row of cut grain or hay",
"word": "成排的乾草 /成排的干草"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "row of cut grain or hay",
"word": "zwad"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "row of cut grain or hay",
"word": "zwade"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "row of cut grain or hay",
"word": "karhe"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "row of cut grain or hay",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "andain"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"sense": "row of cut grain or hay",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "renque"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "row of cut grain or hay",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Schwade"
},
{
"code": "izh",
"lang": "Ingrian",
"lang_code": "izh",
"sense": "row of cut grain or hay",
"word": "heinälaine"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"sense": "row of cut grain or hay",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "láithreán féir"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "row of cut grain or hay",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "andana"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "valók",
"sense": "row of cut grain or hay",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "вало́к"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "row of cut grain or hay",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "hilera"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense": "row of cut grain or hay",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "hösträng"
},
{
"code": "wa",
"lang": "Walloon",
"lang_code": "wa",
"sense": "row of cut grain or hay",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "hougne"
},
{
"code": "wa",
"lang": "Walloon",
"lang_code": "wa",
"sense": "row of cut grain or hay",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "andon"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"note": "also specified by substance, e.g. turfwal",
"sense": "line heaped up by the wind",
"word": "wal"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "streak of seaweed etc on the surface of the sea",
"word": "vana"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "line of gravel left behind by the edge of a grader",
"word": "karhe"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "ridge or berm at a perimeter",
"word": "reunavalli"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "line of snow left behind by snowplow",
"word": "valli"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "long snowbank along the side of a road",
"word": "penkka"
}
],
"word": "windrow"
}
{
"categories": [
"English compound terms",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with etymology trees",
"English entries with etymon",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₂weh₁-",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Pages with etymon",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Ingrian translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Walloon translations",
"en:Agriculture",
"en:Snow"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":af",
"3": "wind<id:air>",
"4": "row<id:line>",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₂weh₁-\nProto-Indo-European *-ti\nProto-Indo-European *h₂wḗh₁ti\nProto-Indo-European *h₂wéh₁n̥ts\nProto-Germanic *windaz\nProto-West Germanic *wind\nOld English wind\nMiddle English wynd\nEnglish wind\nEnglish row\nEnglish windrow\n[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*windaz\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*wind\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"wind\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"wynd\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"wind\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }, { \"id\" : \"line\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"row\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"windrow\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"windrow\">",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "wind",
"3": "row"
},
"expansion": "wind + row",
"name": "compound"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₂weh₁-\nProto-Indo-European *-ti\nProto-Indo-European *h₂wḗh₁ti\nProto-Indo-European *h₂wéh₁n̥ts\nProto-Germanic *windaz\nProto-West Germanic *wind\nOld English wind\nMiddle English wynd\nEnglish wind\nEnglish row\nEnglish windrow\nFrom wind + row.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "windrows",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "windrowing",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "windrowed",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "windrowed",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "windrow (third-person singular simple present windrows, present participle windrowing, simple past and past participle windrowed)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1899, January 7, correspondent P.C.M., The Louisiana Planter and Sugar Manufacturer, volume 22, number 1, “Vermilion”, page 7",
"text": "This cool spell favored the cane shipped to some extent, for if the weather had remained as warm for three or four days as it was Friday, all the cane that was windrowed after the freeze would have been lost and much of it that was windrowed before the freeze would have met a like fate."
},
{
"ref": "1979, Ralph E. H. Sims, New Zealand Journal of Experimental Agriculture, ISSN 0301-5521, volume 7, number 4, “Comparative methods of harvesting oilseed rape”, page 79",
"text": "Threshing a previously windrowed swath (windrowing) or cutting and threshing the crop in one operation (direct heading) are the common methods of harvesting oilseed rape."
},
{
"ref": "1990, J. A. Epps, Transportation Research Board, NCHRP Synthesis of Highway Practice, ISSN 0547-5570, “Cold-Recycled Bituminous Concrete Using Bituminous Materials”, “Blade Mixing”, page 13",
"text": "Using a motor grader to windrow the pulverized reclaimed material."
}
],
"glosses": [
"To arrange (e.g. new-made hay) in lines or windrows."
],
"links": [
[
"arrange",
"arrange"
],
[
"hay",
"hay"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To arrange (e.g. new-made hay) in lines or windrows."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈwɪnd.ɹəʊ/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-windrow.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/10/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-windrow.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-windrow.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/10/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-windrow.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-windrow.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
]
}
],
"word": "windrow"
}
Download raw JSONL data for windrow meaning in English (13.9kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-08-07 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-08-05 using wiktextract (d9fa233 and 9e92f4b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.