See whelm in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for whelm meaning in English (16.6kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "overwhelm"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "underwhelm"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "unwhelm"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "whelming"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "whemmel"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "whemmle"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "whammel"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "whummel"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "whummle"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*kʷelp-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "whelmen",
"t": "to turn over, capsize; to invert, turn upside down"
},
"expansion": "Middle English whelmen (“to turn over, capsize; to invert, turn upside down”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "*hwealmnian"
},
"expansion": "Old English *hwealmnian",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "*hwealfnian"
},
"expansion": "*hwealfnian",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "hwealf",
"t": "arched, concave, vaulted; an arched or vaulted ceiling"
},
"expansion": "hwealf (“arched, concave, vaulted; an arched or vaulted ceiling”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*hwalb"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *hwalb",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*hwalbą",
"t": "arch, vault"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hwalbą (“arch, vault”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*kʷelp-",
"t": "to curve"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kʷelp- (“to curve”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Walm",
"t": "a vaulted roof"
},
"expansion": "German Walm (“a vaulted roof”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "hvolf",
"t": "vaulted ceiling"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic hvolf (“vaulted ceiling”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "welven",
"t": "to arch"
},
"expansion": "Dutch welven (“to arch”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "wölben",
"t": "to bend, curve; to arch"
},
"expansion": "German wölben (“to bend, curve; to arch”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "hvelfa",
"t": "to overturn"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic hvelfa (“to overturn”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "bihwelvian",
"t": "to cover; to hide"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon bihwelvian (“to cover; to hide”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "κόλπος",
"t": "bosom, hollow, gulf"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek κόλπος (kólpos, “bosom, hollow, gulf”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English whelmen (“to turn over, capsize; to invert, turn upside down”), perhaps from Old English *hwealmnian, a variant of *hwealfnian, from hwealf (“arched, concave, vaulted; an arched or vaulted ceiling”), from Proto-West Germanic *hwalb, from Proto-Germanic *hwalbą (“arch, vault”), from Proto-Indo-European *kʷelp- (“to curve”). The English word is cognate with German Walm (“a vaulted roof”), Icelandic hvolf (“vaulted ceiling”), Dutch welven (“to arch”), German wölben (“to bend, curve; to arch”), Icelandic hvelfa (“to overturn”), Old Saxon bihwelvian (“to cover; to hide”), Ancient Greek κόλπος (kólpos, “bosom, hollow, gulf”).\nThe noun is derived from the verb.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "whelms",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "whelming",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "whelmed",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "whelmed",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "whelm (third-person singular simple present whelms, present participle whelming, simple past and past participle whelmed)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "unwhelm"
}
],
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"To bury, to cover; to engulf, to submerge."
],
"id": "en-whelm-en-verb-xQRRsu~i",
"links": [
[
"bury",
"bury"
],
[
"cover",
"cover#Verb"
],
[
"engulf",
"engulf"
],
[
"submerge",
"submerge"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, archaic) To bury, to cover; to engulf, to submerge."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "overwhelm"
},
{
"tags": [
"Britain",
"Scotland",
"dialectal"
],
"word": "whemmel"
}
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "82 7 4 6",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "zalivam",
"sense": "to bury, cover; to engulf, submerge",
"word": "заливам"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 7 4 6",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "poglǎštam",
"sense": "to bury, cover; to engulf, submerge",
"word": "поглъщам"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 7 4 6",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "to bury, cover; to engulf, submerge",
"word": "壓倒"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 7 4 6",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "yādǎo",
"sense": "to bury, cover; to engulf, submerge",
"word": "压倒"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 7 4 6",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "to bury, cover; to engulf, submerge",
"word": "淹沒"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 7 4 6",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "yānmò",
"sense": "to bury, cover; to engulf, submerge",
"word": "淹没"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 7 4 6",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to bury, cover; to engulf, submerge",
"word": "submerger"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 7 4 6",
"code": "ht",
"lang": "Haitian Creole",
"sense": "to bury, cover; to engulf, submerge",
"word": "sitèlman chaj"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 7 4 6",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to bury, cover; to engulf, submerge",
"word": "elnyel"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 7 4 6",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to bury, cover; to engulf, submerge",
"word": "eláraszt"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 7 4 6",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to bury, cover; to engulf, submerge",
"word": "elborít"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 7 4 6",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to bury, cover; to engulf, submerge",
"word": "elönt"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 7 4 6",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to bury, cover; to engulf, submerge",
"word": "ingolfare"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 7 4 6",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to bury, cover; to engulf, submerge",
"word": "impantanarsi"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 7 4 6",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to bury, cover; to engulf, submerge",
"word": "immergersi"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 7 4 6",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to bury, cover; to engulf, submerge",
"word": "infognarsi"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 7 4 6",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to bury, cover; to engulf, submerge",
"word": "sopraffare"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 7 4 6",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to bury, cover; to engulf, submerge",
"word": "seppellire"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 7 4 6",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to bury, cover; to engulf, submerge",
"word": "otoczyć"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1708, J[ohn] Mortimer, “Of Kites, Hawks, &c.”, in The Whole Art of Husbandry; or, The Way of Managing and Improving of Land. […], 2nd corrected edition, London: Printed by J. H. for H. Mortlock […], and J. Robinson […], →OCLC, book VII, pages 252–253",
"text": "Gnats and Flies are very troubleſome in Houſes [...] Balls made of Horſe-dung and laid in a Room will do the ſame [attract gnats and flies] if they are new made; by which means you may whelm ſome things over them and keep them there.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To throw (something) over a thing so as to cover it."
],
"id": "en-whelm-en-verb-JahQfIMo",
"links": [
[
"throw",
"throw#Verb"
],
[
"thing",
"thing"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, obsolete) To throw (something) over a thing so as to cover it."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"Britain",
"Scotland",
"dialectal"
],
"word": "whemmel"
}
],
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1877, Henry M[artyn] Field, “Naples.—Pompeii and Pæstum.”, in From the Lakes of Killarney to the Golden Horn, 4th edition, New York, N.Y.: Scribner, Armstrong, and Company, →OCLC, page 281",
"text": "Here, where a Cæsar stood two thousand years ago, the traveller from another continent (though not from New Zealand) stands to-day, to muse—at Pæstum, as at Pompeii—on the fate which overtakes all human things, and at last whelms man and his works in one undistinguishable ruin.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To ruin or destroy."
],
"id": "en-whelm-en-verb-PSfUMA5y",
"links": [
[
"ruin",
"ruin#Verb"
],
[
"destroy",
"destroy"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, obsolete) To ruin or destroy."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1839, [John Henry Newman], [Frederick Parry Hodges, compiler], “Hymn 71”, in A Selection of Psalms and Hymns as Chaunted and Sung in the Parish Church of Lyme Regis, Dorset, Lyme [Regis], Dorset: Printed, published, and sold only by Daniel Dunster, […], →OCLC, page 175",
"text": "Hear Thou our plaint, when light is gone / And lawlessness and strife prevail. / Hear, lest the whelming weight of crime / Wreck us with life in view; / Lest thoughts and schemes of sense and time / Earn us a sinner's due.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To overcome with emotion; to overwhelm."
],
"id": "en-whelm-en-verb-9JebSELO",
"links": [
[
"overcome",
"overcome"
],
[
"emotion",
"emotion"
],
[
"overwhelm",
"overwhelm"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive, archaic) To overcome with emotion; to overwhelm."
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"intransitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "4 2 2 93",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to overcome with emotion",
"word": "submerger"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 2 2 93",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to overcome with emotion",
"word": "elborít"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 2 2 93",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to overcome with emotion",
"word": "elönt"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 2 2 93",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to overcome with emotion",
"word": "essere sopraffatto"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 2 2 93",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to overcome with emotion",
"word": "ogarnąć"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ʍɛlm/",
"tags": [
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/wɛlm/",
"tags": [
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛlm"
},
{
"audio": "En-us-whelm.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a1/En-us-whelm.ogg/En-us-whelm.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a1/En-us-whelm.ogg",
"tags": [
"General-American"
],
"text": "Audio (GA)"
},
{
"enpr": "whĕlm"
}
],
"word": "whelm"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*kʷelp-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "whelmen",
"t": "to turn over, capsize; to invert, turn upside down"
},
"expansion": "Middle English whelmen (“to turn over, capsize; to invert, turn upside down”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "*hwealmnian"
},
"expansion": "Old English *hwealmnian",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "*hwealfnian"
},
"expansion": "*hwealfnian",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "hwealf",
"t": "arched, concave, vaulted; an arched or vaulted ceiling"
},
"expansion": "hwealf (“arched, concave, vaulted; an arched or vaulted ceiling”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*hwalb"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *hwalb",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*hwalbą",
"t": "arch, vault"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hwalbą (“arch, vault”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*kʷelp-",
"t": "to curve"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kʷelp- (“to curve”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Walm",
"t": "a vaulted roof"
},
"expansion": "German Walm (“a vaulted roof”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "hvolf",
"t": "vaulted ceiling"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic hvolf (“vaulted ceiling”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "welven",
"t": "to arch"
},
"expansion": "Dutch welven (“to arch”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "wölben",
"t": "to bend, curve; to arch"
},
"expansion": "German wölben (“to bend, curve; to arch”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "hvelfa",
"t": "to overturn"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic hvelfa (“to overturn”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "bihwelvian",
"t": "to cover; to hide"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon bihwelvian (“to cover; to hide”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "κόλπος",
"t": "bosom, hollow, gulf"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek κόλπος (kólpos, “bosom, hollow, gulf”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English whelmen (“to turn over, capsize; to invert, turn upside down”), perhaps from Old English *hwealmnian, a variant of *hwealfnian, from hwealf (“arched, concave, vaulted; an arched or vaulted ceiling”), from Proto-West Germanic *hwalb, from Proto-Germanic *hwalbą (“arch, vault”), from Proto-Indo-European *kʷelp- (“to curve”). The English word is cognate with German Walm (“a vaulted roof”), Icelandic hvolf (“vaulted ceiling”), Dutch welven (“to arch”), German wölben (“to bend, curve; to arch”), Icelandic hvelfa (“to overturn”), Old Saxon bihwelvian (“to cover; to hide”), Ancient Greek κόλπος (kólpos, “bosom, hollow, gulf”).\nThe noun is derived from the verb.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "whelms",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "whelm (plural whelms)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "the whelm of the tide",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "2004, Clark Coolidge, chapter XIII, in Mine: The One that Enters the Stories, Great Barrington, Mass.: The Figures, page 75",
"text": "I wonder about things and the people between us. The currents, the feedback, and the whelms. The sharp cracks between trees, and the tolling between the knees.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2006, Seamus Heaney, District and Circle, 1st American edition, New York, N.Y.: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, page 19",
"text": "[...] I stood waiting, glad of a first tremor / Then caught up in the now-or-never whelm / Of one and all the full length of the train.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2012, Richard Secklin, “Introduction”, in Marijuana for Parkinson’s Disease: Cannabis Research & the Miracle Plant for Parkinson’s, [United States]: Nettfit Publishing",
"text": "As our country developed, the clash of new immigrating cultures were all positioning themselves throughout the United States and their political leaders were individually striving for their own egotistical whelm of power [...]",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A surge of water."
],
"id": "en-whelm-en-noun-8o7ZAhYU",
"links": [
[
"poetic",
"poetic"
],
[
"surge",
"surge#Noun"
],
[
"water",
"water#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(poetic, also figuratively) A surge of water."
],
"tags": [
"also",
"figuratively",
"poetic"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "nakhshol",
"sense": "(poetic, also figuratively) surge of water",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "נַחְשׁוֹל"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "(poetic, also figuratively) surge of water",
"word": "ár"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "(poetic, also figuratively) surge of water",
"word": "áradat"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "(poetic, also figuratively) surge of water",
"word": "hullám"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "(poetic, also figuratively) surge of water",
"word": "árhullám"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "(poetic, also figuratively) surge of water",
"word": "özön"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "8 72 5 5 7 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2023, Christopher Hadley, The Road, William Collins Books",
"text": "A whelm was a wooden drainpipe, a hollowed-out tree trunk, \"whelmed down\" or turned with the concavity downwards to form an arched watercourse.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A wooden drainpipe, a hollowed out tree trunk, turned with the cavity downwards to form an arched watercourse."
],
"id": "en-whelm-en-noun-g8D01rXJ",
"links": [
[
"drainpipe",
"drainpipe"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ʍɛlm/",
"tags": [
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/wɛlm/",
"tags": [
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛlm"
},
{
"audio": "En-us-whelm.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a1/En-us-whelm.ogg/En-us-whelm.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a1/En-us-whelm.ogg",
"tags": [
"General-American"
],
"text": "Audio (GA)"
},
{
"enpr": "whĕlm"
}
],
"word": "whelm"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *kʷelp-",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English verbs",
"Rhymes:English/ɛlm",
"Rhymes:English/ɛlm/1 syllable"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "overwhelm"
},
{
"word": "underwhelm"
},
{
"word": "unwhelm"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "whelming"
},
{
"word": "whemmel"
},
{
"word": "whemmle"
},
{
"word": "whammel"
},
{
"word": "whummel"
},
{
"word": "whummle"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*kʷelp-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "whelmen",
"t": "to turn over, capsize; to invert, turn upside down"
},
"expansion": "Middle English whelmen (“to turn over, capsize; to invert, turn upside down”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "*hwealmnian"
},
"expansion": "Old English *hwealmnian",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "*hwealfnian"
},
"expansion": "*hwealfnian",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "hwealf",
"t": "arched, concave, vaulted; an arched or vaulted ceiling"
},
"expansion": "hwealf (“arched, concave, vaulted; an arched or vaulted ceiling”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*hwalb"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *hwalb",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*hwalbą",
"t": "arch, vault"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hwalbą (“arch, vault”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*kʷelp-",
"t": "to curve"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kʷelp- (“to curve”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Walm",
"t": "a vaulted roof"
},
"expansion": "German Walm (“a vaulted roof”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "hvolf",
"t": "vaulted ceiling"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic hvolf (“vaulted ceiling”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "welven",
"t": "to arch"
},
"expansion": "Dutch welven (“to arch”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "wölben",
"t": "to bend, curve; to arch"
},
"expansion": "German wölben (“to bend, curve; to arch”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "hvelfa",
"t": "to overturn"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic hvelfa (“to overturn”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "bihwelvian",
"t": "to cover; to hide"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon bihwelvian (“to cover; to hide”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "κόλπος",
"t": "bosom, hollow, gulf"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek κόλπος (kólpos, “bosom, hollow, gulf”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English whelmen (“to turn over, capsize; to invert, turn upside down”), perhaps from Old English *hwealmnian, a variant of *hwealfnian, from hwealf (“arched, concave, vaulted; an arched or vaulted ceiling”), from Proto-West Germanic *hwalb, from Proto-Germanic *hwalbą (“arch, vault”), from Proto-Indo-European *kʷelp- (“to curve”). The English word is cognate with German Walm (“a vaulted roof”), Icelandic hvolf (“vaulted ceiling”), Dutch welven (“to arch”), German wölben (“to bend, curve; to arch”), Icelandic hvelfa (“to overturn”), Old Saxon bihwelvian (“to cover; to hide”), Ancient Greek κόλπος (kólpos, “bosom, hollow, gulf”).\nThe noun is derived from the verb.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "whelms",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "whelming",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "whelmed",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "whelmed",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "whelm (third-person singular simple present whelms, present participle whelming, simple past and past participle whelmed)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "unwhelm"
}
],
"categories": [
"English terms with archaic senses",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To bury, to cover; to engulf, to submerge."
],
"links": [
[
"bury",
"bury"
],
[
"cover",
"cover#Verb"
],
[
"engulf",
"engulf"
],
[
"submerge",
"submerge"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, archaic) To bury, to cover; to engulf, to submerge."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "overwhelm"
},
{
"tags": [
"Britain",
"Scotland",
"dialectal"
],
"word": "whemmel"
}
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"English terms with quotations",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1708, J[ohn] Mortimer, “Of Kites, Hawks, &c.”, in The Whole Art of Husbandry; or, The Way of Managing and Improving of Land. […], 2nd corrected edition, London: Printed by J. H. for H. Mortlock […], and J. Robinson […], →OCLC, book VII, pages 252–253",
"text": "Gnats and Flies are very troubleſome in Houſes [...] Balls made of Horſe-dung and laid in a Room will do the ſame [attract gnats and flies] if they are new made; by which means you may whelm ſome things over them and keep them there.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To throw (something) over a thing so as to cover it."
],
"links": [
[
"throw",
"throw#Verb"
],
[
"thing",
"thing"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, obsolete) To throw (something) over a thing so as to cover it."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"Britain",
"Scotland",
"dialectal"
],
"word": "whemmel"
}
],
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"English terms with quotations",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1877, Henry M[artyn] Field, “Naples.—Pompeii and Pæstum.”, in From the Lakes of Killarney to the Golden Horn, 4th edition, New York, N.Y.: Scribner, Armstrong, and Company, →OCLC, page 281",
"text": "Here, where a Cæsar stood two thousand years ago, the traveller from another continent (though not from New Zealand) stands to-day, to muse—at Pæstum, as at Pompeii—on the fate which overtakes all human things, and at last whelms man and his works in one undistinguishable ruin.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To ruin or destroy."
],
"links": [
[
"ruin",
"ruin#Verb"
],
[
"destroy",
"destroy"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, obsolete) To ruin or destroy."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs",
"English terms with archaic senses",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1839, [John Henry Newman], [Frederick Parry Hodges, compiler], “Hymn 71”, in A Selection of Psalms and Hymns as Chaunted and Sung in the Parish Church of Lyme Regis, Dorset, Lyme [Regis], Dorset: Printed, published, and sold only by Daniel Dunster, […], →OCLC, page 175",
"text": "Hear Thou our plaint, when light is gone / And lawlessness and strife prevail. / Hear, lest the whelming weight of crime / Wreck us with life in view; / Lest thoughts and schemes of sense and time / Earn us a sinner's due.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To overcome with emotion; to overwhelm."
],
"links": [
[
"overcome",
"overcome"
],
[
"emotion",
"emotion"
],
[
"overwhelm",
"overwhelm"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive, archaic) To overcome with emotion; to overwhelm."
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"intransitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ʍɛlm/",
"tags": [
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/wɛlm/",
"tags": [
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛlm"
},
{
"audio": "En-us-whelm.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a1/En-us-whelm.ogg/En-us-whelm.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a1/En-us-whelm.ogg",
"tags": [
"General-American"
],
"text": "Audio (GA)"
},
{
"enpr": "whĕlm"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "zalivam",
"sense": "to bury, cover; to engulf, submerge",
"word": "заливам"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "poglǎštam",
"sense": "to bury, cover; to engulf, submerge",
"word": "поглъщам"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "to bury, cover; to engulf, submerge",
"word": "壓倒"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "yādǎo",
"sense": "to bury, cover; to engulf, submerge",
"word": "压倒"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "to bury, cover; to engulf, submerge",
"word": "淹沒"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "yānmò",
"sense": "to bury, cover; to engulf, submerge",
"word": "淹没"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to bury, cover; to engulf, submerge",
"word": "submerger"
},
{
"code": "ht",
"lang": "Haitian Creole",
"sense": "to bury, cover; to engulf, submerge",
"word": "sitèlman chaj"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to bury, cover; to engulf, submerge",
"word": "elnyel"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to bury, cover; to engulf, submerge",
"word": "eláraszt"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to bury, cover; to engulf, submerge",
"word": "elborít"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to bury, cover; to engulf, submerge",
"word": "elönt"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to bury, cover; to engulf, submerge",
"word": "ingolfare"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to bury, cover; to engulf, submerge",
"word": "impantanarsi"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to bury, cover; to engulf, submerge",
"word": "immergersi"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to bury, cover; to engulf, submerge",
"word": "infognarsi"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to bury, cover; to engulf, submerge",
"word": "sopraffare"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to bury, cover; to engulf, submerge",
"word": "seppellire"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to bury, cover; to engulf, submerge",
"word": "otoczyć"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to overcome with emotion",
"word": "submerger"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to overcome with emotion",
"word": "elborít"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to overcome with emotion",
"word": "elönt"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to overcome with emotion",
"word": "essere sopraffatto"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to overcome with emotion",
"word": "ogarnąć"
}
],
"word": "whelm"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *kʷelp-",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English verbs",
"Rhymes:English/ɛlm",
"Rhymes:English/ɛlm/1 syllable"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*kʷelp-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "whelmen",
"t": "to turn over, capsize; to invert, turn upside down"
},
"expansion": "Middle English whelmen (“to turn over, capsize; to invert, turn upside down”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "*hwealmnian"
},
"expansion": "Old English *hwealmnian",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "*hwealfnian"
},
"expansion": "*hwealfnian",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "hwealf",
"t": "arched, concave, vaulted; an arched or vaulted ceiling"
},
"expansion": "hwealf (“arched, concave, vaulted; an arched or vaulted ceiling”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*hwalb"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *hwalb",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*hwalbą",
"t": "arch, vault"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hwalbą (“arch, vault”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*kʷelp-",
"t": "to curve"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kʷelp- (“to curve”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Walm",
"t": "a vaulted roof"
},
"expansion": "German Walm (“a vaulted roof”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "hvolf",
"t": "vaulted ceiling"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic hvolf (“vaulted ceiling”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "welven",
"t": "to arch"
},
"expansion": "Dutch welven (“to arch”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "wölben",
"t": "to bend, curve; to arch"
},
"expansion": "German wölben (“to bend, curve; to arch”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "hvelfa",
"t": "to overturn"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic hvelfa (“to overturn”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "bihwelvian",
"t": "to cover; to hide"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon bihwelvian (“to cover; to hide”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "κόλπος",
"t": "bosom, hollow, gulf"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek κόλπος (kólpos, “bosom, hollow, gulf”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English whelmen (“to turn over, capsize; to invert, turn upside down”), perhaps from Old English *hwealmnian, a variant of *hwealfnian, from hwealf (“arched, concave, vaulted; an arched or vaulted ceiling”), from Proto-West Germanic *hwalb, from Proto-Germanic *hwalbą (“arch, vault”), from Proto-Indo-European *kʷelp- (“to curve”). The English word is cognate with German Walm (“a vaulted roof”), Icelandic hvolf (“vaulted ceiling”), Dutch welven (“to arch”), German wölben (“to bend, curve; to arch”), Icelandic hvelfa (“to overturn”), Old Saxon bihwelvian (“to cover; to hide”), Ancient Greek κόλπος (kólpos, “bosom, hollow, gulf”).\nThe noun is derived from the verb.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "whelms",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "whelm (plural whelms)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English poetic terms",
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "the whelm of the tide",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "2004, Clark Coolidge, chapter XIII, in Mine: The One that Enters the Stories, Great Barrington, Mass.: The Figures, page 75",
"text": "I wonder about things and the people between us. The currents, the feedback, and the whelms. The sharp cracks between trees, and the tolling between the knees.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2006, Seamus Heaney, District and Circle, 1st American edition, New York, N.Y.: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, page 19",
"text": "[...] I stood waiting, glad of a first tremor / Then caught up in the now-or-never whelm / Of one and all the full length of the train.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2012, Richard Secklin, “Introduction”, in Marijuana for Parkinson’s Disease: Cannabis Research & the Miracle Plant for Parkinson’s, [United States]: Nettfit Publishing",
"text": "As our country developed, the clash of new immigrating cultures were all positioning themselves throughout the United States and their political leaders were individually striving for their own egotistical whelm of power [...]",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A surge of water."
],
"links": [
[
"poetic",
"poetic"
],
[
"surge",
"surge#Noun"
],
[
"water",
"water#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(poetic, also figuratively) A surge of water."
],
"tags": [
"also",
"figuratively",
"poetic"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2023, Christopher Hadley, The Road, William Collins Books",
"text": "A whelm was a wooden drainpipe, a hollowed-out tree trunk, \"whelmed down\" or turned with the concavity downwards to form an arched watercourse.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A wooden drainpipe, a hollowed out tree trunk, turned with the cavity downwards to form an arched watercourse."
],
"links": [
[
"drainpipe",
"drainpipe"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ʍɛlm/",
"tags": [
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/wɛlm/",
"tags": [
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛlm"
},
{
"audio": "En-us-whelm.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a1/En-us-whelm.ogg/En-us-whelm.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a1/En-us-whelm.ogg",
"tags": [
"General-American"
],
"text": "Audio (GA)"
},
{
"enpr": "whĕlm"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "nakhshol",
"sense": "(poetic, also figuratively) surge of water",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "נַחְשׁוֹל"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "(poetic, also figuratively) surge of water",
"word": "ár"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "(poetic, also figuratively) surge of water",
"word": "áradat"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "(poetic, also figuratively) surge of water",
"word": "hullám"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "(poetic, also figuratively) surge of water",
"word": "árhullám"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "(poetic, also figuratively) surge of water",
"word": "özön"
}
],
"word": "whelm"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-26 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (93a6c53 and 21a9316). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.