"urchin" meaning in English

See urchin in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

IPA: /ˈɜːtʃɪn/ [Received-Pronunciation], /ˈɜːtʃən/ [Received-Pronunciation], /ˈɝt͡ʃɪn/ [General-American], /ˈɝt͡ʃən/ [General-American] Audio: en-us-urchin.ogg Forms: urchins [plural]
enPR: ûrʹchĭn [General-American] Rhymes: -ɜː(ɹ)tʃɪn Etymology: From Middle English yrchoun, irchoun (“hedgehog; sea urchin”), from Old Northern French irechon, from Vulgar Latin *ērīciōnem, from Latin ericius. Compare modern French hérisson, whence the English doublet herisson. Etymology templates: {{inh|en|enm|yrchoun}} Middle English yrchoun, {{der|en|fro-nor|heriçun|irechon}} Old Northern French irechon, {{der|en|VL.|*ericio|*ērīciōnem}} Vulgar Latin *ērīciōnem, {{der|en|la|ericius}} Latin ericius, {{cog|fr|hérisson}} French hérisson, {{doublet|en|herisson|notext=1}} herisson Head templates: {{en-noun}} urchin (plural urchins)
  1. A mischievous child. Categories (topical): Children, People Translations (mischievous child): şuluq (Azerbaijani), палавник (palavnik) [masculine] (Bulgarian), калпазанин (kalpazanin) [masculine] (Bulgarian), bengel [masculine] (Dutch), bubo (Esperanto), garnement [masculine] (French), Bengel [masculine] (German), Lümmel [masculine] (German), Lausbube [masculine] (German), Racker [masculine] (German), Schlingel [masculine] (German), Göre [feminine] (German), διαβολάκι (diavoláki) [neuter] (Greek), παλιόπαιδο (paliópaido) [neuter, obsolete] (Greek), lurkó (Hungarian), csibész (Hungarian), bubo (Ido), monello (Italian), birichino (Italian), peste (Italian), discolo [masculine] (Italian), lazzarone [masculine] (Italian), 小汚いガキ (kogitanai gaki) (Japanese), esparnèl [masculine] (Occitan), galapian [masculine] (Occitan), moleque [masculine] (Portuguese), ștrengar [masculine] (Romanian), прока́зник (prokáznik) [masculine] (Russian), баловни́к (balovník) [masculine] (Russian), озорни́к (ozorník) [masculine] (Russian), deran [masculine] (Serbo-Croatian), gamín [masculine] (Spanish), gamina [feminine] (Spanish), golfillo (Spanish)
    Sense id: en-urchin-en-noun-FDNExyco Disambiguation of Children: 33 35 3 3 6 4 16 Disambiguation of People: 47 31 0 0 1 1 20 Disambiguation of 'mischievous child': 82 3 0 0 0 0 14
  2. A street urchin, a child who lives, or spends most of their time, in the streets. Categories (topical): Children
    Sense id: en-urchin-en-noun-6e0etIDl Disambiguation of Children: 33 35 3 3 6 4 16
  3. A sea urchin.
    Sense id: en-urchin-en-noun-mtgtxnK7
  4. One of a pair in a series of small card cylinders arranged around a carding drum; so called from its fancied resemblance to the hedgehog.
    Sense id: en-urchin-en-noun-obkyw8EX
  5. (historical) A neutron-generating device that triggered the nuclear detonation of the earliest plutonium atomic bombs. Tags: historical Categories (topical): Mythological creatures Categories (lifeform): Erinaceids, Sea urchins
    Sense id: en-urchin-en-noun-~GaTl6OB Disambiguation of Mythological creatures: 7 8 3 16 48 9 10 Disambiguation of Erinaceids: 2 2 1 13 44 28 10 Disambiguation of Sea urchins: 4 5 33 8 48 2 2 Categories (other): English entries with incorrect language header, Entries with translation boxes, Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries, Terms with Azerbaijani translations, Terms with Bulgarian translations, Terms with Dutch translations, Terms with Esperanto translations, Terms with French translations, Terms with German translations, Terms with Greek translations, Terms with Hungarian translations, Terms with Ido translations, Terms with Italian translations, Terms with Japanese translations, Terms with Occitan translations, Terms with Portuguese translations, Terms with Romanian translations, Terms with Russian translations, Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations, Terms with Spanish translations Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 1 7 1 20 61 7 4 Disambiguation of Entries with translation boxes: 3 7 3 17 55 10 6 Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 2 7 2 21 60 5 3 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 1 3 1 19 68 4 3 Disambiguation of Terms with Azerbaijani translations: 7 12 3 12 51 7 8 Disambiguation of Terms with Bulgarian translations: 7 11 3 12 52 7 8 Disambiguation of Terms with Dutch translations: 3 8 3 14 55 11 7 Disambiguation of Terms with Esperanto translations: 2 6 2 13 63 8 5 Disambiguation of Terms with French translations: 2 8 2 14 57 11 6 Disambiguation of Terms with German translations: 5 7 3 13 57 8 7 Disambiguation of Terms with Greek translations: 3 7 3 14 57 10 6 Disambiguation of Terms with Hungarian translations: 7 11 2 13 53 6 8 Disambiguation of Terms with Ido translations: 2 5 2 16 65 7 4 Disambiguation of Terms with Italian translations: 2 6 2 13 63 8 5 Disambiguation of Terms with Japanese translations: 2 10 2 13 60 8 5 Disambiguation of Terms with Occitan translations: 5 8 3 13 57 8 6 Disambiguation of Terms with Portuguese translations: 7 11 3 12 52 7 8 Disambiguation of Terms with Romanian translations: 7 8 3 13 53 7 8 Disambiguation of Terms with Russian translations: 2 6 2 13 63 8 5 Disambiguation of Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations: 6 12 3 12 52 7 8 Disambiguation of Terms with Spanish translations: 1 5 1 13 68 7 4
  6. (obsolete) A hedgehog. Tags: obsolete
    Sense id: en-urchin-en-noun-18-NfPCj
  7. (obsolete) A mischievous elf supposed sometimes to take the form of a hedgehog. Tags: obsolete Categories (topical): Children
    Sense id: en-urchin-en-noun-zrmyxYUD Disambiguation of Children: 33 35 3 3 6 4 16
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: urchon [obsolete]

Inflected forms

Alternative forms

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "cake urchin"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "heart urchin"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "keyhole urchin"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "nano-urchin"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "sea urchin"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "street urchin"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "urchin barren"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "urchiness"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "urchin fish"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "urchinly"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "wheel urchin"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "yrchoun"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English yrchoun",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fro-nor",
        "3": "heriçun",
        "4": "irechon"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Northern French irechon",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "VL.",
        "3": "*ericio",
        "4": "*ērīciōnem"
      },
      "expansion": "Vulgar Latin *ērīciōnem",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "ericius"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin ericius",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "hérisson"
      },
      "expansion": "French hérisson",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "herisson",
        "notext": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "herisson",
      "name": "doublet"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English yrchoun, irchoun (“hedgehog; sea urchin”), from Old Northern French irechon, from Vulgar Latin *ērīciōnem, from Latin ericius. Compare modern French hérisson, whence the English doublet herisson.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "urchins",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "urchin (plural urchins)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "ur‧chin"
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "33 35 3 3 6 4 16",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Children",
          "orig": "en:Children",
          "parents": [
            "Youth",
            "Age",
            "People",
            "Human",
            "Time",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "47 31 0 0 1 1 20",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "People",
          "orig": "en:People",
          "parents": [
            "Human",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1912 January, Zane Grey, chapter 7, in Riders of the Purple Sage […], New York, N.Y., London: Harper & Brothers Publishers, →OCLC:",
          "text": "And like these fresh green things were the dozens of babies, tots, toddlers, noisy urchins, laughing girls, a whole multitude of children of one family. For Collier Brandt, the father of all this numerous progeny, was a Mormon with four wives.",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A mischievous child."
      ],
      "id": "en-urchin-en-noun-FDNExyco",
      "links": [
        [
          "mischievous",
          "mischievous"
        ],
        [
          "child",
          "child"
        ]
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "82 3 0 0 0 0 14",
          "code": "az",
          "lang": "Azerbaijani",
          "sense": "mischievous child",
          "word": "şuluq"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "82 3 0 0 0 0 14",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "palavnik",
          "sense": "mischievous child",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "палавник"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "82 3 0 0 0 0 14",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "kalpazanin",
          "sense": "mischievous child",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "калпазанин"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "82 3 0 0 0 0 14",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "mischievous child",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "bengel"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "82 3 0 0 0 0 14",
          "code": "eo",
          "lang": "Esperanto",
          "sense": "mischievous child",
          "word": "bubo"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "82 3 0 0 0 0 14",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "mischievous child",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "garnement"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "82 3 0 0 0 0 14",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "mischievous child",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "Bengel"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "82 3 0 0 0 0 14",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "mischievous child",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "Lümmel"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "82 3 0 0 0 0 14",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "mischievous child",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "Lausbube"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "82 3 0 0 0 0 14",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "mischievous child",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "Racker"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "82 3 0 0 0 0 14",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "mischievous child",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "Schlingel"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "82 3 0 0 0 0 14",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "mischievous child",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "Göre"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "82 3 0 0 0 0 14",
          "code": "el",
          "lang": "Greek",
          "roman": "diavoláki",
          "sense": "mischievous child",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "διαβολάκι"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "82 3 0 0 0 0 14",
          "code": "el",
          "lang": "Greek",
          "roman": "paliópaido",
          "sense": "mischievous child",
          "tags": [
            "neuter",
            "obsolete"
          ],
          "word": "παλιόπαιδο"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "82 3 0 0 0 0 14",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "mischievous child",
          "word": "lurkó"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "82 3 0 0 0 0 14",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "mischievous child",
          "word": "csibész"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "82 3 0 0 0 0 14",
          "code": "io",
          "lang": "Ido",
          "sense": "mischievous child",
          "word": "bubo"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "82 3 0 0 0 0 14",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "mischievous child",
          "word": "monello"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "82 3 0 0 0 0 14",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "mischievous child",
          "word": "birichino"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "82 3 0 0 0 0 14",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "mischievous child",
          "word": "peste"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "82 3 0 0 0 0 14",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "mischievous child",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "discolo"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "82 3 0 0 0 0 14",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "mischievous child",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "lazzarone"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "82 3 0 0 0 0 14",
          "code": "ja",
          "lang": "Japanese",
          "roman": "kogitanai gaki",
          "sense": "mischievous child",
          "word": "小汚いガキ"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "82 3 0 0 0 0 14",
          "code": "oc",
          "lang": "Occitan",
          "sense": "mischievous child",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "esparnèl"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "82 3 0 0 0 0 14",
          "code": "oc",
          "lang": "Occitan",
          "sense": "mischievous child",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "galapian"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "82 3 0 0 0 0 14",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "mischievous child",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "moleque"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "82 3 0 0 0 0 14",
          "code": "ro",
          "lang": "Romanian",
          "sense": "mischievous child",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "ștrengar"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "82 3 0 0 0 0 14",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "prokáznik",
          "sense": "mischievous child",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "прока́зник"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "82 3 0 0 0 0 14",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "balovník",
          "sense": "mischievous child",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "баловни́к"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "82 3 0 0 0 0 14",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "ozorník",
          "sense": "mischievous child",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "озорни́к"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "82 3 0 0 0 0 14",
          "code": "sh",
          "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
          "sense": "mischievous child",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "deran"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "82 3 0 0 0 0 14",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "mischievous child",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "gamín"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "82 3 0 0 0 0 14",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "mischievous child",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "gamina"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "82 3 0 0 0 0 14",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "mischievous child",
          "word": "golfillo"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "33 35 3 3 6 4 16",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Children",
          "orig": "en:Children",
          "parents": [
            "Youth",
            "Age",
            "People",
            "Human",
            "Time",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "a. 1879, William Howitt, The Wind in a Frolic:",
          "text": "And the urchins that stand with their thievish eyes / Forever on watch ran off each with a prize.",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A street urchin, a child who lives, or spends most of their time, in the streets."
      ],
      "id": "en-urchin-en-noun-6e0etIDl",
      "links": [
        [
          "street urchin",
          "street urchin"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "A sea urchin."
      ],
      "id": "en-urchin-en-noun-mtgtxnK7",
      "links": [
        [
          "sea urchin",
          "sea urchin"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1836, Andrew Ure, The Cotton Manufacture of Great Britain […] :",
          "text": "Here we have a carding-engine, with the drum surmounted with urchin or squirrel cards[…]",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "One of a pair in a series of small card cylinders arranged around a carding drum; so called from its fancied resemblance to the hedgehog."
      ],
      "id": "en-urchin-en-noun-obkyw8EX",
      "links": [
        [
          "card",
          "card"
        ],
        [
          "cylinder",
          "cylinder"
        ],
        [
          "drum",
          "drum"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
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          "_dis": "1 7 1 20 61 7 4",
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            "Entries with incorrect language header",
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        {
          "_dis": "1 5 1 13 68 7 4",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "7 8 3 16 48 9 10",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Mythological creatures",
          "orig": "en:Mythological creatures",
          "parents": [
            "Fantasy",
            "Mythology",
            "Fiction",
            "Speculative fiction",
            "Culture",
            "Artistic works",
            "Genres",
            "Society",
            "Art",
            "Entertainment",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "2 2 1 13 44 28 10",
          "kind": "lifeform",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Erinaceids",
          "orig": "en:Erinaceids",
          "parents": [
            "Mammals",
            "Vertebrates",
            "Chordates",
            "Animals",
            "Lifeforms",
            "All topics",
            "Life",
            "Fundamental",
            "Nature"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "4 5 33 8 48 2 2",
          "kind": "lifeform",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Sea urchins",
          "orig": "en:Sea urchins",
          "parents": [
            "Echinoderms",
            "Animals",
            "Lifeforms",
            "All topics",
            "Life",
            "Fundamental",
            "Nature"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A neutron-generating device that triggered the nuclear detonation of the earliest plutonium atomic bombs."
      ],
      "id": "en-urchin-en-noun-~GaTl6OB",
      "links": [
        [
          "neutron",
          "neutron"
        ],
        [
          "device",
          "device"
        ],
        [
          "trigger",
          "trigger"
        ],
        [
          "nuclear",
          "nuclear"
        ],
        [
          "detonation",
          "detonation"
        ],
        [
          "plutonium",
          "plutonium"
        ],
        [
          "atomic bomb",
          "atomic bomb"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(historical) A neutron-generating device that triggered the nuclear detonation of the earliest plutonium atomic bombs."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "historical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "glosses": [
        "A hedgehog."
      ],
      "id": "en-urchin-en-noun-18-NfPCj",
      "links": [
        [
          "hedgehog",
          "hedgehog"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(obsolete) A hedgehog."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "obsolete"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "33 35 3 3 6 4 16",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Children",
          "orig": "en:Children",
          "parents": [
            "Youth",
            "Age",
            "People",
            "Human",
            "Time",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "c. 1597 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Merry Wiues of Windsor”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene iv]:",
          "text": "We'll dress [them] like urchins, ouphes, and fairies.",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A mischievous elf supposed sometimes to take the form of a hedgehog."
      ],
      "id": "en-urchin-en-noun-zrmyxYUD",
      "links": [
        [
          "mischievous",
          "mischievous"
        ],
        [
          "elf",
          "elf"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(obsolete) A mischievous elf supposed sometimes to take the form of a hedgehog."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "obsolete"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈɜːtʃɪn/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈɜːtʃən/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "enpr": "ûrʹchĭn",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈɝt͡ʃɪn/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈɝt͡ʃən/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-us-urchin.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/4a/En-us-urchin.ogg/En-us-urchin.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4a/En-us-urchin.ogg"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɜː(ɹ)tʃɪn"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "obsolete"
      ],
      "word": "urchon"
    }
  ],
  "word": "urchin"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "English countable nouns",
    "English doublets",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English lemmas",
    "English nouns",
    "English terms derived from Latin",
    "English terms derived from Middle English",
    "English terms derived from Old Northern French",
    "English terms derived from Vulgar Latin",
    "English terms inherited from Middle English",
    "Entries with translation boxes",
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Rhymes:English/ɜː(ɹ)tʃɪn",
    "Rhymes:English/ɜː(ɹ)tʃɪn/2 syllables",
    "Terms with Azerbaijani translations",
    "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
    "Terms with Dutch translations",
    "Terms with Esperanto translations",
    "Terms with French translations",
    "Terms with German translations",
    "Terms with Greek translations",
    "Terms with Hungarian translations",
    "Terms with Ido translations",
    "Terms with Italian translations",
    "Terms with Japanese translations",
    "Terms with Occitan translations",
    "Terms with Portuguese translations",
    "Terms with Romanian translations",
    "Terms with Russian translations",
    "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
    "Terms with Spanish translations",
    "en:Children",
    "en:Erinaceids",
    "en:Mythological creatures",
    "en:People",
    "en:Sea urchins"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "cake urchin"
    },
    {
      "word": "heart urchin"
    },
    {
      "word": "keyhole urchin"
    },
    {
      "word": "nano-urchin"
    },
    {
      "word": "sea urchin"
    },
    {
      "word": "street urchin"
    },
    {
      "word": "urchin barren"
    },
    {
      "word": "urchiness"
    },
    {
      "word": "urchin fish"
    },
    {
      "word": "urchinly"
    },
    {
      "word": "wheel urchin"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "yrchoun"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English yrchoun",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fro-nor",
        "3": "heriçun",
        "4": "irechon"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Northern French irechon",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "VL.",
        "3": "*ericio",
        "4": "*ērīciōnem"
      },
      "expansion": "Vulgar Latin *ērīciōnem",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "ericius"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin ericius",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "hérisson"
      },
      "expansion": "French hérisson",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "herisson",
        "notext": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "herisson",
      "name": "doublet"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English yrchoun, irchoun (“hedgehog; sea urchin”), from Old Northern French irechon, from Vulgar Latin *ērīciōnem, from Latin ericius. Compare modern French hérisson, whence the English doublet herisson.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "urchins",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "urchin (plural urchins)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "ur‧chin"
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1912 January, Zane Grey, chapter 7, in Riders of the Purple Sage […], New York, N.Y., London: Harper & Brothers Publishers, →OCLC:",
          "text": "And like these fresh green things were the dozens of babies, tots, toddlers, noisy urchins, laughing girls, a whole multitude of children of one family. For Collier Brandt, the father of all this numerous progeny, was a Mormon with four wives.",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A mischievous child."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "mischievous",
          "mischievous"
        ],
        [
          "child",
          "child"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations",
        "Quotation templates to be cleaned"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "a. 1879, William Howitt, The Wind in a Frolic:",
          "text": "And the urchins that stand with their thievish eyes / Forever on watch ran off each with a prize.",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A street urchin, a child who lives, or spends most of their time, in the streets."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "street urchin",
          "street urchin"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "A sea urchin."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "sea urchin",
          "sea urchin"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1836, Andrew Ure, The Cotton Manufacture of Great Britain […] :",
          "text": "Here we have a carding-engine, with the drum surmounted with urchin or squirrel cards[…]",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "One of a pair in a series of small card cylinders arranged around a carding drum; so called from its fancied resemblance to the hedgehog."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "card",
          "card"
        ],
        [
          "cylinder",
          "cylinder"
        ],
        [
          "drum",
          "drum"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with historical senses"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A neutron-generating device that triggered the nuclear detonation of the earliest plutonium atomic bombs."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "neutron",
          "neutron"
        ],
        [
          "device",
          "device"
        ],
        [
          "trigger",
          "trigger"
        ],
        [
          "nuclear",
          "nuclear"
        ],
        [
          "detonation",
          "detonation"
        ],
        [
          "plutonium",
          "plutonium"
        ],
        [
          "atomic bomb",
          "atomic bomb"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(historical) A neutron-generating device that triggered the nuclear detonation of the earliest plutonium atomic bombs."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "historical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with obsolete senses"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A hedgehog."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "hedgehog",
          "hedgehog"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(obsolete) A hedgehog."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "obsolete"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with obsolete senses",
        "English terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "c. 1597 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Merry Wiues of Windsor”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene iv]:",
          "text": "We'll dress [them] like urchins, ouphes, and fairies.",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A mischievous elf supposed sometimes to take the form of a hedgehog."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "mischievous",
          "mischievous"
        ],
        [
          "elf",
          "elf"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(obsolete) A mischievous elf supposed sometimes to take the form of a hedgehog."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "obsolete"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈɜːtʃɪn/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈɜːtʃən/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "enpr": "ûrʹchĭn",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈɝt͡ʃɪn/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈɝt͡ʃən/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-us-urchin.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/4a/En-us-urchin.ogg/En-us-urchin.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4a/En-us-urchin.ogg"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɜː(ɹ)tʃɪn"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "obsolete"
      ],
      "word": "urchon"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "az",
      "lang": "Azerbaijani",
      "sense": "mischievous child",
      "word": "şuluq"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "palavnik",
      "sense": "mischievous child",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "палавник"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "kalpazanin",
      "sense": "mischievous child",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "калпазанин"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "mischievous child",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "bengel"
    },
    {
      "code": "eo",
      "lang": "Esperanto",
      "sense": "mischievous child",
      "word": "bubo"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "mischievous child",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "garnement"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "mischievous child",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "Bengel"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "mischievous child",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "Lümmel"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "mischievous child",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "Lausbube"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "mischievous child",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "Racker"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "mischievous child",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "Schlingel"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "mischievous child",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "Göre"
    },
    {
      "code": "el",
      "lang": "Greek",
      "roman": "diavoláki",
      "sense": "mischievous child",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "διαβολάκι"
    },
    {
      "code": "el",
      "lang": "Greek",
      "roman": "paliópaido",
      "sense": "mischievous child",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "obsolete"
      ],
      "word": "παλιόπαιδο"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "mischievous child",
      "word": "lurkó"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "mischievous child",
      "word": "csibész"
    },
    {
      "code": "io",
      "lang": "Ido",
      "sense": "mischievous child",
      "word": "bubo"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "mischievous child",
      "word": "monello"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "mischievous child",
      "word": "birichino"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "mischievous child",
      "word": "peste"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "mischievous child",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "discolo"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "mischievous child",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "lazzarone"
    },
    {
      "code": "ja",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "roman": "kogitanai gaki",
      "sense": "mischievous child",
      "word": "小汚いガキ"
    },
    {
      "code": "oc",
      "lang": "Occitan",
      "sense": "mischievous child",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "esparnèl"
    },
    {
      "code": "oc",
      "lang": "Occitan",
      "sense": "mischievous child",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "galapian"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "mischievous child",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "moleque"
    },
    {
      "code": "ro",
      "lang": "Romanian",
      "sense": "mischievous child",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "ștrengar"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "prokáznik",
      "sense": "mischievous child",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "прока́зник"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "balovník",
      "sense": "mischievous child",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "баловни́к"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "ozorník",
      "sense": "mischievous child",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "озорни́к"
    },
    {
      "code": "sh",
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "sense": "mischievous child",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "deran"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "mischievous child",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "gamín"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "mischievous child",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "gamina"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "mischievous child",
      "word": "golfillo"
    }
  ],
  "word": "urchin"
}

Download raw JSONL data for urchin meaning in English (9.8kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.