"urchin" meaning in English

See urchin in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

IPA: /ˈɜːtʃɪn/ [Received-Pronunciation], /ˈɜːtʃən/ [Received-Pronunciation], /ˈɝt͡ʃɪn/ [General-American], /ˈɝt͡ʃən/ [General-American] Audio: en-us-urchin.ogg [US] Forms: urchins [plural]
enPR: ûrʹchĭn Rhymes: -ɜː(ɹ)tʃɪn Etymology: From Middle English yrchoun, irchoun (“hedgehog; sea urchin”), from Old Northern French irechon, from Vulgar Latin *ērīciōnem, from Latin ericius. Compare modern French hérisson, whence the English doublet herisson. Etymology templates: {{inh|en|enm|yrchoun}} Middle English yrchoun, {{m|enm|irchoun||hedgehog; sea urchin}} irchoun (“hedgehog; sea urchin”), {{der|en|fro-nor|heriçun|irechon}} Old Northern French irechon, {{der|en|VL.|*ericio|*ērīciōnem}} Vulgar Latin *ērīciōnem, {{der|en|la|ericius}} Latin ericius, {{cog|fr|hérisson}} French hérisson, {{doublet|en|herisson|notext=1}} herisson Head templates: {{en-noun}} urchin (plural urchins)
  1. A mischievous child. Categories (topical): People Translations (mischievous child): şuluq (Azerbaijani), палавник (palavnik) [masculine] (Bulgarian), калпазанин (kalpazanin) [masculine] (Bulgarian), bengel [masculine] (Dutch), bubo (Esperanto), garnement [masculine] (French), Bengel [masculine] (German), Lümmel [masculine] (German), Lausbube [masculine] (German), Racker [masculine] (German), Schlingel [masculine] (German), Göre [feminine] (German), διαβολάκι (diavoláki) [neuter] (Greek), παλιόπαιδο (paliópaido) [neuter, obsolete] (Greek), lurkó (Hungarian), csibész (Hungarian), bubo (Ido), monello (Italian), birichino (Italian), peste (Italian), discolo [masculine] (Italian), lazzarone [masculine] (Italian), 小汚いガキ (kogitanai gaki) (Japanese), esparnèl [masculine] (Occitan), galapian [masculine] (Occitan), moleque [masculine] (Portuguese), ștrengar [masculine] (Romanian), прока́зник (prokáznik) [masculine] (Russian), баловни́к (balovník) [masculine] (Russian), озорни́к (ozorník) [masculine] (Russian), deran [masculine] (Serbo-Croatian), gamín [masculine] (Spanish), gamina [feminine] (Spanish), golfillo (Spanish)
    Sense id: en-urchin-en-noun-FDNExyco Disambiguation of People: 41 27 2 10 1 1 18 Disambiguation of 'mischievous child': 82 3 0 0 0 0 14
  2. A street urchin, a child who lives, or spends most of their time, in the streets.
    Sense id: en-urchin-en-noun-6e0etIDl
  3. A sea urchin. Categories (topical): Children, Mythological creatures Categories (lifeform): Erinaceids
    Sense id: en-urchin-en-noun-mtgtxnK7 Disambiguation of Children: 16 20 31 7 15 2 7 Disambiguation of Mythological creatures: 6 8 34 14 22 8 8 Disambiguation of Erinaceids: 2 3 29 12 14 29 10 Categories (other): English entries with incorrect language header, English entries with topic categories using raw markup Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 1 2 54 9 28 3 2 Disambiguation of English entries with topic categories using raw markup: 1 3 66 7 16 5 3
  4. One of a pair in a series of small card cylinders arranged around a carding drum; so called from its fancied resemblance to the hedgehog. Categories (lifeform): Erinaceids
    Sense id: en-urchin-en-noun-obkyw8EX Disambiguation of Erinaceids: 2 3 29 12 14 29 10
  5. (historical) A neutron-generating device that triggered the nuclear detonation of the earliest plutonium atomic bombs. Tags: historical Categories (lifeform): Erinaceids
    Sense id: en-urchin-en-noun-~GaTl6OB Disambiguation of Erinaceids: 2 3 29 12 14 29 10
  6. (obsolete) A hedgehog. Tags: obsolete Categories (lifeform): Erinaceids
    Sense id: en-urchin-en-noun-18-NfPCj Disambiguation of Erinaceids: 2 3 29 12 14 29 10
  7. (obsolete) A mischievous elf supposed sometimes to take the form of a hedgehog. Tags: obsolete Categories (lifeform): Erinaceids
    Sense id: en-urchin-en-noun-zrmyxYUD Disambiguation of Erinaceids: 2 3 29 12 14 29 10
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: urchon [obsolete] Derived forms: cake urchin, heart urchin, keyhole urchin, nano-urchin, sea urchin, street urchin, urchin barren, urchin fish, wheel urchin

Inflected forms

Alternative forms

Download JSON data for urchin meaning in English (11.5kB)

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "cake urchin"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "heart urchin"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "keyhole urchin"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "nano-urchin"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "sea urchin"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "street urchin"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "urchin barren"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "urchin fish"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "wheel urchin"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "yrchoun"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English yrchoun",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "irchoun",
        "3": "",
        "4": "hedgehog; sea urchin"
      },
      "expansion": "irchoun (“hedgehog; sea urchin”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fro-nor",
        "3": "heriçun",
        "4": "irechon"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Northern French irechon",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "VL.",
        "3": "*ericio",
        "4": "*ērīciōnem"
      },
      "expansion": "Vulgar Latin *ērīciōnem",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "ericius"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin ericius",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "hérisson"
      },
      "expansion": "French hérisson",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "herisson",
        "notext": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "herisson",
      "name": "doublet"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English yrchoun, irchoun (“hedgehog; sea urchin”), from Old Northern French irechon, from Vulgar Latin *ērīciōnem, from Latin ericius. Compare modern French hérisson, whence the English doublet herisson.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "urchins",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "urchin (plural urchins)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "ur‧chin"
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "41 27 2 10 1 1 18",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "People",
          "orig": "en:People",
          "parents": [
            "Human",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A mischievous child."
      ],
      "id": "en-urchin-en-noun-FDNExyco",
      "links": [
        [
          "mischievous",
          "mischievous"
        ],
        [
          "child",
          "child"
        ]
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "82 3 0 0 0 0 14",
          "code": "az",
          "lang": "Azerbaijani",
          "sense": "mischievous child",
          "word": "şuluq"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "82 3 0 0 0 0 14",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "palavnik",
          "sense": "mischievous child",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "палавник"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "82 3 0 0 0 0 14",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "kalpazanin",
          "sense": "mischievous child",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "калпазанин"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "82 3 0 0 0 0 14",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "mischievous child",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "bengel"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "82 3 0 0 0 0 14",
          "code": "eo",
          "lang": "Esperanto",
          "sense": "mischievous child",
          "word": "bubo"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "82 3 0 0 0 0 14",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "mischievous child",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "garnement"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "82 3 0 0 0 0 14",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "mischievous child",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "Bengel"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "82 3 0 0 0 0 14",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "mischievous child",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "Lümmel"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "82 3 0 0 0 0 14",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "mischievous child",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "Lausbube"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "82 3 0 0 0 0 14",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "mischievous child",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "Racker"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "82 3 0 0 0 0 14",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "mischievous child",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "Schlingel"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "82 3 0 0 0 0 14",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "mischievous child",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "Göre"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "82 3 0 0 0 0 14",
          "code": "el",
          "lang": "Greek",
          "roman": "diavoláki",
          "sense": "mischievous child",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "διαβολάκι"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "82 3 0 0 0 0 14",
          "code": "el",
          "lang": "Greek",
          "roman": "paliópaido",
          "sense": "mischievous child",
          "tags": [
            "neuter",
            "obsolete"
          ],
          "word": "παλιόπαιδο"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "82 3 0 0 0 0 14",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "mischievous child",
          "word": "lurkó"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "82 3 0 0 0 0 14",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "mischievous child",
          "word": "csibész"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "82 3 0 0 0 0 14",
          "code": "io",
          "lang": "Ido",
          "sense": "mischievous child",
          "word": "bubo"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "82 3 0 0 0 0 14",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "mischievous child",
          "word": "monello"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "82 3 0 0 0 0 14",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "mischievous child",
          "word": "birichino"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "82 3 0 0 0 0 14",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "mischievous child",
          "word": "peste"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "82 3 0 0 0 0 14",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "mischievous child",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "discolo"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "82 3 0 0 0 0 14",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "mischievous child",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "lazzarone"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "82 3 0 0 0 0 14",
          "code": "ja",
          "lang": "Japanese",
          "roman": "kogitanai gaki",
          "sense": "mischievous child",
          "word": "小汚いガキ"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "82 3 0 0 0 0 14",
          "code": "oc",
          "lang": "Occitan",
          "sense": "mischievous child",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "esparnèl"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "82 3 0 0 0 0 14",
          "code": "oc",
          "lang": "Occitan",
          "sense": "mischievous child",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "galapian"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "82 3 0 0 0 0 14",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "mischievous child",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "moleque"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "82 3 0 0 0 0 14",
          "code": "ro",
          "lang": "Romanian",
          "sense": "mischievous child",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "ștrengar"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "82 3 0 0 0 0 14",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "prokáznik",
          "sense": "mischievous child",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "прока́зник"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "82 3 0 0 0 0 14",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "balovník",
          "sense": "mischievous child",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "баловни́к"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "82 3 0 0 0 0 14",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "ozorník",
          "sense": "mischievous child",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "озорни́к"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "82 3 0 0 0 0 14",
          "code": "sh",
          "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
          "sense": "mischievous child",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "deran"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "82 3 0 0 0 0 14",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "mischievous child",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "gamín"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "82 3 0 0 0 0 14",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "mischievous child",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "gamina"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "82 3 0 0 0 0 14",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "mischievous child",
          "word": "golfillo"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "a. 1879, William Howitt, The Wind in a Frolic",
          "text": "And the urchins that stand with their thievish eyes / Forever on watch ran off each with a prize.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A street urchin, a child who lives, or spends most of their time, in the streets."
      ],
      "id": "en-urchin-en-noun-6e0etIDl",
      "links": [
        [
          "street urchin",
          "street urchin"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "1 2 54 9 28 3 2",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "1 3 66 7 16 5 3",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "16 20 31 7 15 2 7",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Children",
          "orig": "en:Children",
          "parents": [
            "Youth",
            "Age",
            "People",
            "Human",
            "Time",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "6 8 34 14 22 8 8",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Mythological creatures",
          "orig": "en:Mythological creatures",
          "parents": [
            "Fantasy",
            "Mythology",
            "Fiction",
            "Speculative fiction",
            "Culture",
            "Artistic works",
            "Genres",
            "Society",
            "Art",
            "Entertainment",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "2 3 29 12 14 29 10",
          "kind": "lifeform",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Erinaceids",
          "orig": "en:Erinaceids",
          "parents": [
            "Mammals",
            "Vertebrates",
            "Chordates",
            "Animals",
            "Lifeforms",
            "All topics",
            "Life",
            "Fundamental",
            "Nature"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A sea urchin."
      ],
      "id": "en-urchin-en-noun-mtgtxnK7",
      "links": [
        [
          "sea urchin",
          "sea urchin"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "2 3 29 12 14 29 10",
          "kind": "lifeform",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Erinaceids",
          "orig": "en:Erinaceids",
          "parents": [
            "Mammals",
            "Vertebrates",
            "Chordates",
            "Animals",
            "Lifeforms",
            "All topics",
            "Life",
            "Fundamental",
            "Nature"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1836, Andrew Ure, The Cotton Manufacture of Great Britain […]",
          "text": "Here we have a carding-engine, with the drum surmounted with urchin or squirrel cards[…]",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "One of a pair in a series of small card cylinders arranged around a carding drum; so called from its fancied resemblance to the hedgehog."
      ],
      "id": "en-urchin-en-noun-obkyw8EX",
      "links": [
        [
          "card",
          "card"
        ],
        [
          "cylinder",
          "cylinder"
        ],
        [
          "drum",
          "drum"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "2 3 29 12 14 29 10",
          "kind": "lifeform",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Erinaceids",
          "orig": "en:Erinaceids",
          "parents": [
            "Mammals",
            "Vertebrates",
            "Chordates",
            "Animals",
            "Lifeforms",
            "All topics",
            "Life",
            "Fundamental",
            "Nature"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A neutron-generating device that triggered the nuclear detonation of the earliest plutonium atomic bombs."
      ],
      "id": "en-urchin-en-noun-~GaTl6OB",
      "links": [
        [
          "neutron",
          "neutron"
        ],
        [
          "device",
          "device"
        ],
        [
          "trigger",
          "trigger"
        ],
        [
          "nuclear",
          "nuclear"
        ],
        [
          "detonation",
          "detonation"
        ],
        [
          "plutonium",
          "plutonium"
        ],
        [
          "atomic bomb",
          "atomic bomb"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(historical) A neutron-generating device that triggered the nuclear detonation of the earliest plutonium atomic bombs."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "historical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "2 3 29 12 14 29 10",
          "kind": "lifeform",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Erinaceids",
          "orig": "en:Erinaceids",
          "parents": [
            "Mammals",
            "Vertebrates",
            "Chordates",
            "Animals",
            "Lifeforms",
            "All topics",
            "Life",
            "Fundamental",
            "Nature"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A hedgehog."
      ],
      "id": "en-urchin-en-noun-18-NfPCj",
      "links": [
        [
          "hedgehog",
          "hedgehog"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(obsolete) A hedgehog."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "obsolete"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "2 3 29 12 14 29 10",
          "kind": "lifeform",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Erinaceids",
          "orig": "en:Erinaceids",
          "parents": [
            "Mammals",
            "Vertebrates",
            "Chordates",
            "Animals",
            "Lifeforms",
            "All topics",
            "Life",
            "Fundamental",
            "Nature"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A mischievous elf supposed sometimes to take the form of a hedgehog."
      ],
      "id": "en-urchin-en-noun-zrmyxYUD",
      "links": [
        [
          "mischievous",
          "mischievous"
        ],
        [
          "elf",
          "elf"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(obsolete) A mischievous elf supposed sometimes to take the form of a hedgehog."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "obsolete"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈɜːtʃɪn/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈɜːtʃən/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈɝt͡ʃɪn/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈɝt͡ʃən/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɜː(ɹ)tʃɪn"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-us-urchin.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/4a/En-us-urchin.ogg/En-us-urchin.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4a/En-us-urchin.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (US)"
    },
    {
      "enpr": "ûrʹchĭn"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "obsolete"
      ],
      "word": "urchon"
    }
  ],
  "word": "urchin"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "English 2-syllable words",
    "English countable nouns",
    "English doublets",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
    "English lemmas",
    "English nouns",
    "English terms derived from Latin",
    "English terms derived from Middle English",
    "English terms derived from Old Northern French",
    "English terms derived from Vulgar Latin",
    "English terms inherited from Middle English",
    "English terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "English terms with audio links",
    "Rhymes:English/ɜː(ɹ)tʃɪn",
    "Rhymes:English/ɜː(ɹ)tʃɪn/2 syllables",
    "en:Children",
    "en:Erinaceids",
    "en:Mythological creatures",
    "en:People"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "cake urchin"
    },
    {
      "word": "heart urchin"
    },
    {
      "word": "keyhole urchin"
    },
    {
      "word": "nano-urchin"
    },
    {
      "word": "sea urchin"
    },
    {
      "word": "street urchin"
    },
    {
      "word": "urchin barren"
    },
    {
      "word": "urchin fish"
    },
    {
      "word": "wheel urchin"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "yrchoun"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English yrchoun",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "irchoun",
        "3": "",
        "4": "hedgehog; sea urchin"
      },
      "expansion": "irchoun (“hedgehog; sea urchin”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fro-nor",
        "3": "heriçun",
        "4": "irechon"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Northern French irechon",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "VL.",
        "3": "*ericio",
        "4": "*ērīciōnem"
      },
      "expansion": "Vulgar Latin *ērīciōnem",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "ericius"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin ericius",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "hérisson"
      },
      "expansion": "French hérisson",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "herisson",
        "notext": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "herisson",
      "name": "doublet"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English yrchoun, irchoun (“hedgehog; sea urchin”), from Old Northern French irechon, from Vulgar Latin *ērīciōnem, from Latin ericius. Compare modern French hérisson, whence the English doublet herisson.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "urchins",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "urchin (plural urchins)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "ur‧chin"
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "A mischievous child."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "mischievous",
          "mischievous"
        ],
        [
          "child",
          "child"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations",
        "Quotation templates to be cleaned"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "a. 1879, William Howitt, The Wind in a Frolic",
          "text": "And the urchins that stand with their thievish eyes / Forever on watch ran off each with a prize.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A street urchin, a child who lives, or spends most of their time, in the streets."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "street urchin",
          "street urchin"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "A sea urchin."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "sea urchin",
          "sea urchin"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1836, Andrew Ure, The Cotton Manufacture of Great Britain […]",
          "text": "Here we have a carding-engine, with the drum surmounted with urchin or squirrel cards[…]",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "One of a pair in a series of small card cylinders arranged around a carding drum; so called from its fancied resemblance to the hedgehog."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "card",
          "card"
        ],
        [
          "cylinder",
          "cylinder"
        ],
        [
          "drum",
          "drum"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with historical senses"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A neutron-generating device that triggered the nuclear detonation of the earliest plutonium atomic bombs."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "neutron",
          "neutron"
        ],
        [
          "device",
          "device"
        ],
        [
          "trigger",
          "trigger"
        ],
        [
          "nuclear",
          "nuclear"
        ],
        [
          "detonation",
          "detonation"
        ],
        [
          "plutonium",
          "plutonium"
        ],
        [
          "atomic bomb",
          "atomic bomb"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(historical) A neutron-generating device that triggered the nuclear detonation of the earliest plutonium atomic bombs."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "historical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with obsolete senses"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A hedgehog."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "hedgehog",
          "hedgehog"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(obsolete) A hedgehog."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "obsolete"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with obsolete senses"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A mischievous elf supposed sometimes to take the form of a hedgehog."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "mischievous",
          "mischievous"
        ],
        [
          "elf",
          "elf"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(obsolete) A mischievous elf supposed sometimes to take the form of a hedgehog."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "obsolete"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈɜːtʃɪn/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈɜːtʃən/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈɝt͡ʃɪn/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈɝt͡ʃən/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɜː(ɹ)tʃɪn"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-us-urchin.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/4a/En-us-urchin.ogg/En-us-urchin.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4a/En-us-urchin.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (US)"
    },
    {
      "enpr": "ûrʹchĭn"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "obsolete"
      ],
      "word": "urchon"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "az",
      "lang": "Azerbaijani",
      "sense": "mischievous child",
      "word": "şuluq"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "palavnik",
      "sense": "mischievous child",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "палавник"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "kalpazanin",
      "sense": "mischievous child",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "калпазанин"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "mischievous child",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "bengel"
    },
    {
      "code": "eo",
      "lang": "Esperanto",
      "sense": "mischievous child",
      "word": "bubo"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "mischievous child",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "garnement"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "mischievous child",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "Bengel"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "mischievous child",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "Lümmel"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "mischievous child",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "Lausbube"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "mischievous child",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "Racker"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "mischievous child",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "Schlingel"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "mischievous child",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "Göre"
    },
    {
      "code": "el",
      "lang": "Greek",
      "roman": "diavoláki",
      "sense": "mischievous child",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "διαβολάκι"
    },
    {
      "code": "el",
      "lang": "Greek",
      "roman": "paliópaido",
      "sense": "mischievous child",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "obsolete"
      ],
      "word": "παλιόπαιδο"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "mischievous child",
      "word": "lurkó"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "mischievous child",
      "word": "csibész"
    },
    {
      "code": "io",
      "lang": "Ido",
      "sense": "mischievous child",
      "word": "bubo"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "mischievous child",
      "word": "monello"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "mischievous child",
      "word": "birichino"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "mischievous child",
      "word": "peste"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "mischievous child",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "discolo"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "mischievous child",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "lazzarone"
    },
    {
      "code": "ja",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "roman": "kogitanai gaki",
      "sense": "mischievous child",
      "word": "小汚いガキ"
    },
    {
      "code": "oc",
      "lang": "Occitan",
      "sense": "mischievous child",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "esparnèl"
    },
    {
      "code": "oc",
      "lang": "Occitan",
      "sense": "mischievous child",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "galapian"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "mischievous child",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "moleque"
    },
    {
      "code": "ro",
      "lang": "Romanian",
      "sense": "mischievous child",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "ștrengar"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "prokáznik",
      "sense": "mischievous child",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "прока́зник"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "balovník",
      "sense": "mischievous child",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "баловни́к"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "ozorník",
      "sense": "mischievous child",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "озорни́к"
    },
    {
      "code": "sh",
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "sense": "mischievous child",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "deran"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "mischievous child",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "gamín"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "mischievous child",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "gamina"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "mischievous child",
      "word": "golfillo"
    }
  ],
  "word": "urchin"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.